ADOLESCENT PREGNACY

Daniela Lizeth Baez Espíndola

Camila Stefanny Bautista Pacheco
Sara Lucia Cano Sanchez
Maria Angélica Gil Bonilla
Dayanna Alejandra Molano Riaño
Joanyn Verónica Patarroyo Mendivelso
Ingrid Catalina Rodríguez Rojas

Grado:
1101

Profesora:
Sonia Barrera

Institución Educativa Técnica Industrial

“Gustavo Jiménez”
2022
 INTRODUCTION

This project deals mainly with pregnancy, its causes and consequences, symptoms
of a pregnancy, it also gives us statistics of reality and information on the
percentage of young people who have sexual relations at an early age, without
responsibility and advice from parents towards their children.
It is necessary to know the causes that gave rise to this pregnancy, such as lack of
knowledge, curiosity or in some cases abuse by a family member or acquaintance,
bringing with it several consequences during and after pregnancy.
 OBJECTIVES

General objective:
Deepen the information about this topic being very important and evident today to
reduce the percentage of teenage pregnancy.
Specific objectives:
 Prevent school dropouts due to unwanted pregnancies.
 Hold talks on sexuality so that better decisions are made, taboos are
eliminated and young people have more information about the subject.
 Awareness that pregnancy is not only the responsibility of the mother but
also the responsibility of the father
 PROBLEM STATEMENT

Teenage pregnancy is worrying and generates serious consequences for

individual, family and collective health. The main problems of teenage pregnancy
would be:
Malformations of the fetus, due to the fact that the adolescent's body is not capable
of this process.
Misinformation about contraceptive methods, this is due to the fact that many
mothers, due to taboos, do not tell their children how to take care of themselves
and therefore young people do not they have knowledge about it.
Psychological damage such as: postpartum depression, social pressure, low self-
esteem, anxiety, pregnancy denial, feelings of guilt, fear, anger and shame.
Chances of having pre-eclampsia which is when high blood pressure and signs of
liver or kidney damage occur in women after the 20th week of pregnancy and this
can lead to spontaneous abortions and a high rate of maternal mortality.
In the social aspect, there is evidence of school desertion, economic dependence
and not having emotional maturity to care for the baby.
 JUSTIFICATION

The purpose of this project is to inform and explain about teenage pregnancy, with
the aim of preventing it, since it can trigger a process of significant difficulties, since
the stage of development and the situations that surround it are different from that
of adult motherhood.
One in 5 adolescents between 15 and 19 years old has ever been pregnant. Of
these, 16% are already mothers and 4% are expecting their first child, specifically,
in 2021, 4,708 births were registered in Colombia in girls of 10 at 14 years.
 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
The adolescence is the transitions period that happened between the childhood
and the adult age, according to the world health organization (WHO) it is between
the 10 and 19 years, In general, it is considered a group with an optimal level of
health, which translates into less attention to its specific morbidity and mortality,
however, it is an essential stage for the development of a productive and healthy
adult life, associating various types of processes, like sexuality and reproduction,
as triggers of a wide range of problems and risks because, it has been established,
they are processes of adulthood. The physical, psychological and social changes
presents at this stage can expose to young people to risk situations.
The WHO estimates that the 11% of birth registered in the world correspond to
women between 15 and 19 years, and that complications in both pregnancy and
childbirth are the principal cause of death in this age group. Teenage pregnancy is
an important issue for public health as it affects people of all ages and is
associated with risk factors such as previous depression, poor interpersonal
relationships within the family, with the partner or father of the baby, and low social
support. Likewise, it is associated with alterations in the mother-child bond, with
less development and more behavioral problems in the child.
Every day in developing countries, 20,000 girls under age 18 give birth. This
amounts to 7.3 million births a year. In addition, if all pregnancies are included, not
just births, the number of adolescent pregnancies is much higher. When a girl
becomes pregnant, her life can change radically. Adolescent pregnancy is
generally not the result of a deliberate choice these girls often have little say over
decisions affecting their lives. Rather, early pregnancy is a consequence of little or
no access to school, information or health care.
Adolescent pregnancies are a global problem occurring in high-, middle-, and low-
income countries. Around the world, however, adolescent pregnancies are more
likely to occur in marginalized communities, commonly driven by poverty and lack
of education and employment opportunities. According to the Vital Statistics of
DANE in Colombia, from 2008 to 2014, 4,729,258 boys and girls were born, 23.4%
of whom were children of mothers between the ages of 10 and 19, that is,
1,107,144 girls and boys; of this number, 4.1% corresponds to mothers between
the ages of 10 and 14.
Lic. Yamilet Lopez Rodriguez talks about pregnancy in adolescence and its
biopsychosocial repercussion on the organism of the mother and her future child,
and as it occurs at younger ages, this is more evident, the largest number of
pregnant adolescents is 16-17, she says that due to the importance of this age
group for development and its impact on the world population. Pregnancy at
increasingly younger ages is becoming a global social and public health problem; It
currently constitutes a major challenge, an important risk for their offspring is
determined, in addition to the few actions that are carried out, so that each year,
the number of pregnant adolescents and sexually transmitted infections (STI)
increases. It is associated with negative biological, psychological and social
consequences for both mother and child.
CAUSES
Several factors contribute to adolescent pregnancies and births. In many societies,
girls are under pressure to marry and bear children early. In least developed
countries, at least 39% of girls marry before they are 18 years of age and 12%
before the age of 15.In many places girls choose to become pregnant because
they have limited educational and employment prospects. Often, in such societies,
motherhood is valued and marriage or union and childbearing may be the best of
the limited options available.
Both the family and the school showed a positive impact on this problem. The
family has a mediating role in the health-disease processes of family members, as
long as they know how to adapt to the circumstances. This is how it can be
considered that within the family there are certain variables that can predispose
early pregnancy: there may be certain failures or difficulties in the structure and
family dynamics, such as unestablished paternal roles, conflicts between parents,
inadequate styles of socialization and cultural idealization of gender roles, absence
of the father figure in most cases and repetition and history of pregnancy. The
social part is also relevant, identifying that societies where inequality, poverty and
few opportunities for schooling prevail are predisposing to this phenomenon
Adolescents who may want to avoid pregnancies may not be able to do so due to
knowledge gaps and misconceptions on where to obtain contraceptive methods
and how to use them. Adolescents face barriers to accessing contraception
including restrictive laws and policies regarding provision of contraceptive based
on age or marital status, health worker bias and/or lack of willingness to
acknowledge adolescents’ sexual health needs, and adolescents’ own inability to
access contraceptives because of knowledge, transportation, and financial
constraints. Additionally, adolescents may lack the agency or autonomy to ensure
the correct and consistent use of a contraceptive method. .An additional cause of
unintended pregnancy is sexual violence, which is widespread with more than a
third of girls in some countries reporting that their first sexual encounter was
coerced.
CONSEQUENCES
HEALTH CONSEQUENCES
All pregnancies carry some risks. Early pregnancies among adolescents have
major health consequences for adolescent mothers and their babies. Pregnancy
and childbirth complications are the leading cause of death among girls aged 15–
19 years globally, with low- and middle-income countries accounting for 99% of
global maternal deaths of women aged 15–49 years. They may have problems
because of a health problem you had before you got pregnant. You can also
develop a condition during pregnancy. Adolescent mothers aged 10–19 years face
higher risks of eclampsia, puerperal endometritis and systemic infections than
women aged 20–24 years. Other causes may include multiple pregnancies, a
health problem during a previous pregnancy, drug use during pregnancy, or being
over 35 years old. Any one of them can affect your health, your baby's health, or
both. Additionally, some 3.9 million unsafe abortions among girls aged 15–19 years
occur each year, contributing to maternal mortality, morbidity and lasting health
problems. Early childbearing can increase risks for newborns as well as young
mothers. If you have a chronic disease, you should talk to your doctor to find out
how you can minimize your risk. Once pregnancy occurs, you may need a team of
health professionals to monitor you. Some common health problems that can
complicate pregnancy are:
 Arterial hypertension
 Polycystic ovary syndrome
 Renal problems
 Autoimmune diseases
 Thyroid diseases
 Obesity
 HIV and AIDS
 Cancer
 Infections
Another risk to which teenage mothers are especially vulnerable is postpartum
depression (PPD).There is extensive research on the PPD phenomenon, but
studies on adolescent mothers are limited and tend to come from developed
countries. The knowledge of the professionals who work with these young women,
whether in the area of mental health, obstetrics or pediatrics
Babies born to mothers under the age of 20 face increased risks of low birth
weight, preterm birth, and serious neonatal conditions or death of the baby in the
first year of life. In some settings, rapid repeat pregnancy is a concern for young
mothers as it poses more health risks to both mother and child.
SOCIAL COSEQUENCES
There is a great impact on the lives of adolescents from early pregnancy, both
individually and socially. Social consequences for unmarried pregnant adolescents
may include stigma, rejection or violence by partners, parents and peers. Girls who
become pregnant before the age of 18 years are more likely to experience violence
within a marriage or partnership, the cases studied experience direct and indirect
emotional abandonment by their parents and contexts of social and cultural
deprivation.
Pregnancy and early motherhood represent an opportunity cost for women, since
the lack of conditions, understanding and adequate approach to the subject, brings
as consequences the interruption of the educational trajectory or the abandonment
of the educational system by adolescents since they express that they live loss of
freedom, assume parental responsibilities, exclusion from the peer group,
dedicating the adolescent mother to the care of the baby and although efforts are
underway is some place to enable them to return to school after child birth, this
may well jeopardize girls’ future education and employment opportunities. Her
education may end and her job prospects diminish. She becomes more vulnerable
to poverty and exclusion, and her health often suffers.
In a few words, early pregnancy compromises the development opportunities of
adolescents, since disassociating themselves from the educational system creates
an obstacle to the completion of formal education, which consequently has
repercussions on disadvantages around labor and productive insertion, as well as
making them vulnerable to poverty, violence, illicit acts and social exclusion.
Non-governmental organizations have been at the forefront of efforts to prevent
teen pregnancy in many countries through bold and innovative projects. There are
now a small but growing number of successful national government-led
programmers, for example in Chile, Ethiopia and the UK. These countries show
what can be achieved with the application of good science combined with strong
leadership, management and perseverance. They challenge and inspire other
countries to do what is feasible and what urgently needs to be done, now.
 CONCLUSIONS

1. Teenage pregnancy entails many complications in the social, physical and

psychological spheres.
2. Parents have to have sex education talks with their children so that early
pregnancies do not occur.
3. In the event that a young woman becomes pregnant, take the appropriate
precautions so that there is no risk to the pregnancy.
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