University of Bahri

Collage of Computer Sciences& Mathematic

2nd
Year –Object Oriented Paradigms

Lab No (2)Classand object

Classes
• One Java class defined in each .java file
• File name must match the name of the class
– Otherwise there will be compilation errors.
– Class names start with an upper case letter.
• Compiler will generate a .class file with same name
– Contains the bytecode.
• Classes defined using the class keyword.
• Class Definitions
public class ClassName
{
// data member (variable) declarations
// constructor definitions
public ClassName(param list)
{ …………..}
// method definitions
}
• Access Specifiers (public/protected/ private)
• public
– Can be directly accessed from any other class.
– Used for classes, constructors, and many methods.
• protected
– Can be directly accessed from any other class in the same package (folder)
– Used for inheritance related classes usually.
• private
– Can only be directly accessed from within the same class.
– Used to protect data.
Methods
• Define some behaviour of a class
• Method declarations have four basic sections, and a method body:
– Visibility modifier (who can call the method)
– Return type (what does it return)

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 – Method name
– Parameter list (what parameters does it accept)
public void printInf()
{
//code goes here
}
private int addNumbers(int x, int y)
{
//code goes here
}
• Calling a method
– Methodname(Parameter list);
addNumbers(7, 12);
printInf();

Constructors
• new causes a constructor to be invoked
– Constructor is a special method, used to initialise an object.
– Class often specifies several constructors (for flexibility).
– new operator chooses right constructor based on parameters
(overloading).
• Constructors can only be invoked by the new operator.

Basic approach
1) Define class.
2) Declare objects.
3) Create objects.
4) Use objects.

Example (ClassBox)
1) A Simple Class (Define class)
// class Box.java with three attribute width,height,depth
class Box {
double width;
double height;
double depth;
}

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2) Declare,Create and use objects
// A program that uses the Box class.Call this file BoxDemo.java
class BoxDemo1 {
public static void main(String args[]) {
Box mybox = new Box();//declares an object of type Box.
double vol;
// assign values to mybox's instance variables
mybox.width = 10;
mybox.height = 20;
mybox.depth = 15;
// compute volume of box
vol = mybox.width * mybox.height * mybox.depth;
System.out.println("Volume is " + vol);
}// end of main
}// end of class
3) Declares two(more than one) Box objects
// This program declares two Box objects.
// this file named BoxDemo2.java
class BoxDemo2 {
public static void main(String args[]) {
Box mybox1 = new Box();
Box mybox2 = new Box();
double vol;
// assign values to mybox1's instance variables
mybox1.width = 10;
mybox1.height = 20;
mybox1.depth = 15;
// assign different values to mybox2's instance variable
mybox2.width = 3;
mybox2.height = 6;
mybox2.depth = 9;
// compute volume of first box
vol = mybox1.width * mybox1.height * mybox1.depth;
System.out.println("Volume is " + vol);
// compute volume of second box

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 vol = mybox2.width * mybox2.height * mybox2.depth;
System.out.println("Volume is " + vol);
}// end of main
}// end of class

4) Adding a Method to the Box Class

// This program includes a method inside the box class.
class Box {
double width;
double height;
double depth;
// display volume of a box
double volume() {
returnwidth * height * depth);
}
}
5) Call method
// BoxDemo3.java
class BoxDemo3 {
public static void main(String args[]) {
Box mybox1 = new Box();
Box mybox2 = new Box();
Double vol;
// assign values to mybox1's instance variables
mybox1.width = 10;
mybox1.height = 20;
mybox1.depth = 15;
// assign different values to mybox2's instance variables
mybox2.width = 3;
mybox2.height = 6;
mybox2.depth = 9;
// display volume of first box
vol = mybox1.volume();
System.out.println("Volume is " + vol);
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 // display volume of second box
vol = mybox2.volume();
System.out.println("Volume is " + vol);
}// end of main
}
6) Constructors
/* Here, Box uses a constructor to initialize thedimensions of a
box.*/
class Box {
double width;
double height;
double depth;
// This is the constructor for Box.
void Box() {
System.out.println("Constructing Box");
width = 10;
height = 10;
depth = 10;
}
// This is the constructor with Parameter for Box.
void Box(double w, double h, double d) {
width = w;
height = h;
depth = d;
}
// compute and return volume
double volume() {
return width * height * depth;
}// endvolume method
}// end of class box

class BoxDemo4 {
public static void main(String args[]) {
// declare, allocate, and initialize Box objects
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 Box mybox1 = new Box();
Box mybox2 = new Box(3, 6, 9);
double vol;
// get volume of first box
vol = mybox1.volume();
System.out.println("Volume is " + vol);
// get volume of second box
vol = mybox2.volume();
System.out.println("Volume is " + vol);
}
}
7) Access or Visibility Specifiers (public/protected/ private)
public class Box {
privatedouble width;
privatedouble height;
privatedouble depth;
// This is the constructor for Box.
public void Box() {
System.out.println("Constructing Box");
width = 10;
height = 10;
depth = 10;
}
// This is the constructor with Parameter for Box.
public void Box(double w, double h, double d) {
width = w;
height = h;
depth = d;
}
// compute and return volume
public double volume() {
return width * height * depth;
}// end volume method
}// end of class box

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 8) Kinds of class’s methods
o The get and set methods are used to read and modify private
properties
o Get/accessor: A method that lets clients examine object state.
 Examples: display,getName()
o Set/mutator: A method that modifies an object's state.
 Examples: setName(), Salary()
 often has a non-void return type
public class Box {
private double width;
private double height;
private double depth;
// This is the constructor for Box.
public void Box() {
width = 10;
height = 10;
depth = 10;
}
// This is the constructor with Parameter for Box.
public void Box(double w, double h, double d) {
width = w;
height = h;
depth = d;
}
// the get method retuen value
public double getWidth() {
return width;
}
public double getHigth() {
return height; }
public double getDepth(){
return depth; }
// the set method receive and change values
public void setWidth(double w) {
width = w; }
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public void setHigth(double h) {
height=h;
}
public void setDepth(double d) {
depth=d;
}
// compute and return volume
public double volume() {
return width * height * depth;
}// end volume method
}// end of class box

class BoxDemo5 {
public static void main(String args[]) {
// declare, allocate, and initialize Box objects
Box mybox1 = new Box();
Box mybox2 = new Box(3, 6, 9);
double vol;
// get volume of first box
vol = mybox1.volume();
System.out.println("Volume is " + vol);
// get volume of second box
vol = mybox2.volume();
System.out.println("Volume is " + vol);
// change depth of box1 from 10 to 15
mybox1.setDepth(15);
// print the new depth
double dep = mybox1.getDepth();
System.out.println("the new depth is is " + dep);
// get volume of first box
vol = mybox1.volume();
System.out.println("The new Volume is " + vol);
}// end of main
}// end of class

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