Life Science

Life process
Q:
The breakdown of pyruvate to give carbon dioxide, water and energy takes
place in
1. cytoplasm.
2. mitochondria.
3. chloroplast.
4. nucleus.
A:
a) mitochondria.
Explanation: Breakdown of glucose into pyruvate takes place in cytoplasm. Then further
breakdown of pyruvate into CO2, water and energy takes place in mitochondria.
Q:
The autotrophic mode of nutrition requires
1. carbon dioxide and water.
2. chlorophyll.
3. sunlight.
4. all of the above.
A:
d) all of the above
Explanation: Autotrophic nutrition takes place by the process of photosynthesis. Carbon
dioxide, water, chlorophyll and sunlight are required to carry out the process of
photosynthesis.
The xylem in plants are responsible for

1. transport of water.
2. transport of food.
3. transport of amino acids.
4. transport of oxygen.
A:
a) transport of water
Life process
Explanation: Xylem is the vascular tissue that facilitates the movement of water in plants.
Movement of food and amino acids takes place through the vascular tissue phloem.
Transport of oxygen in plants occurs through stomata.
Q:
What is the role of saliva in the digestion of the food?
A:
Saliva, a secretion of salivary glands, helps in digestion of food in the following two ways:
1.The saliva moistens the food and helps in its easy swallowing and movement in
oesophagus.
2.The saliva contains an enzyme called salivary amylase that initiates the breakdown of
carbohydrates such as starch into sugar.
Q:
What are the necessary conditions for autotrophic nutrition and what are its
by products?
A:
The necessary conditions for autotrophic nutrition are the availability of: 1. Carbon dioxide
2. Sunlight (source of energy) 3. Chlorophyll pigment (that captures energy) 4. Water The
products formed are carbohydrate (glucose) and oxygen. 6CO2 + 6H2O −→−−−
−chlorophylllight energy C6H12O6+6O2
Q:
How are fats digested in our bodies? Where does this process take place?
A:
From the stomach, partially digested food, that is acidic, enters the small intestine. Bile juice
is released into the small intestine through the gall bladder. The acidity of the partially
digested food is nutralised by the bile salts present in the bile juices. Bile salts also emulsify
fat molecules by breaking their large globules into many small globules so that the
pancreatic enzymes can act effectively on them. Pancreatic enzyme like lipase present in
pancreatic juice digests fats and converts them into fatty acid and glycerol.
This entire process takes place in the small intestine.
1. Why is diffusion insufficient to meet the oxygen requirements of multicellular organisms like humans?
Solution:
Multi-cellular organism’s like humans have very big body and require a lot of oxygen to diffuse into body
quickly in order to meet the oxygen requirement. Diffusion is a slow process which will take a lot of time to
Life process
circulate oxygen to all the body cells. Because of its slow nature diffusion is insufficient to meet the
oxygen requirements of multicellular organisms like humans.
2. What criteria do we use to decide whether something is alive?
Solution:
Walking, breathing, growth and other visible changes can be used to determine whether something is alive
or dead. However some living things will have changes that are not visible to our eye; Hence, presence of
life process is a fundamental criteria to decide whether something is alive.
3. What are outside raw materials used for by an organism?
Solution:
Outside raw material is used by organism for food and oxygen. Raw materials requirement varies on the
complexity of the organism and the environment it is living.
4. What processes would you consider essential for maintaining life?
Solution:
Life processes such as respiration, digestion, excretion, circulation and transportation are essential for
maintain life.
What are the differences between autotrophic nutrition and heterotrophic nutrition?
Solution:
Autotrophic Nutrition Heterotrophic Nutrition
Organism prepare its own food and is not Organism does not prepare its own food and dependent
dependent on any other organism. on other organism for food.
Food is prepared from CO2, water, sunlight. Food cannot be prepared from CO2, water, sunlight.
Chlorophyll is required for food preparation Chlorophyll is not required for food preparation
Green plants and certain bacteria have autotrophic All the animals and fungi, most bacteria have
mode of nutrition. heterotrophic mode of nutrition
2. Where do plants get each of the raw materials required for photosynthesis?
Solution:
Plants required the following raw material for photosynthesis
1. CO2 is obtained from atmosphere through stomata

2. Water is absorbed by plant roots from the soil.
3. Sunlight is an essential raw material for photosynthesis
4. Nutrients are obtained by soil by plant roots
3. What is the role of the acid in our stomach?
Solution:
Life process
HCl present in the stomach dissolves food particles and creates an acidic medium. In acidic environment
protein digesting enzymes pepsinogen is converted into pepsin. HCl in the stomach also acts as
protective barrier against many disease causing pathogens.
4. What is the function of digestive enzymes?
Solution:
Digestive enzymes breaks the complex food molecules into simpler ones. This will make the food
absorption process easy and effective. Absorbed food is transported to all parts of the body by blood.
5. How is the small intestine designed to absorb digested food?
Solution:
Small intestine has small projections called as micro villi which increases the surface volume which make
absorption more effective. Within the villi there are numerous blood vessels that absorb digested food and
carry it to blood stream. Blood transports food to each part of our body

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Life process

The xylem in plants are responsible for

2. What criteria do we use to decide whether something is alive?

3. What are outside raw materials used for by an organism?

4. What processes would you consider essential for maintaining life?

Autotrophic Nutrition Heterotrophic Nutrition

Plants required the following raw material for photosynthesis

1. CO2 is obtained from atmosphere through stomata

3. What is the role of the acid in our stomach?

4. What is the function of digestive enzymes?

5. How is the small intestine designed to absorb digested food?

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