both are struggling in parking management, to which this study can be

of help. United Nations Economic and Social Commission of Asia and

the Pacific (2008) states that an essential element for the

implementation of smart growth is government efforts to build systems

that maximize public participation. The encouragement of public

participation is not only a key element in democratic decision-making,

but also a means for raising the awareness of city residents. This study

would establish awareness to the city’s residents.

If this study would take effect, it will be the first multi-level parking

building incorporated with smart growth concept in Baguio and could

serve as a reference for future studies for those who wish to add to the

knowledge of possible solutions to the city’s current issues especially in

parking. This study would generally benefit not only the government

employees and their clients, but also the majority of Baguio City’s

residents as the study would initiate a design that incorporates the

smart growth concept into a mixed-use building within City Hall

compound.

CHAPTER 2: METHODOLOGY

2.1 Methods of Inquiry

Predominantly, the focus of this study is to investigate the present

parking status of the Baguio city hall compound which covers the

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areas of Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP), the Fire

Department and the Philippine National Police (PNP). More precisely,

this study explores the viable adaptive impacts to the case of Baguio

city hall compound’s physical environment that a holistic concept like

Smart Growth approach can contribute to the city hall’s development

in the future.

Descriptive method of research as the overall methodological

approach was used in the study. This type of research involves

gathering data that describe events and then organizes, tabulates,

depicts, and describes the data collection (Glass & Hopkins, 1984). It

can utilize elements of both qualitative and quantitative method, often

within the same study. Case studies about Smart Growth Development

in local and international context are the source of theories and

principles that will guide the researchers in the study. Evaluative type of

survey by direct frequency and count through rapid and detailed

visual observation in the three areas of study; the front and rear parking

space of BCH, its on-street parking dedicated for employees and the

BCPO was used in gathering the necessary data. Statistical analysis

was done as affirmation to the mentioned parking demand at the

same time a basis for functional design treatment of the multi-use

parking building.

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CHAPTER 3: DATA PRESENTATION AND PROGRAMMATIC and DESIGN

CONCEPTS

3.1. Results and Discussions

3.1.1 Current Parking Supply

The parking area in the city hall compound was divided into

three, the first one is located at the front of city hall, the second one at

its rear and the third at BCPO’S on street parking along Kayang road.

The total parking spaces of these area are 147; 66 in the first area, 51 in

the second, and 30 in the third.

The following tables show the actual number of cars that parked

at a given time. It was calculated per hour for 9 hours (5 days).

Table 1. Frequency And Actual Time Of Parking Recorded

(Monday)

TIME MONDAY
AREA 1 AREA 2 AREA 3
8:00 - 9:00 37 57 7
9:00 - 10:00 35 85 2
10:00 - 11:00 39 99 8
11:00 - 12:00 43 73 3
12:00 - 1:00 42 72 3
1:00 - 2:00 48 68 2
2:00 - 3:00 58 78 0
3:00 - 4:00 54 74 0
4:00 - 5:00 52 21 1
TOTAL 408 627 26

Table 2. Frequency And Actual Time Of Parking Recorded

(Tuesday)

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 TIME TUESDAY
AREA 1 AREA 2 AREA 3
8:00 - 9:00 26 56 2
9:00 - 10:00 38 68 6
10:00 - 11:00 41 91 2
11:00 - 12:00 45 65 7
12:00 - 1:00 23 73 16
1:00 - 2:00 35 65 2
2:00 - 3:00 40 70 3
3:00 - 4:00 45 75 14
4:00 - 5:00 41 21 6
TOTAL 334 584 58

Table 3. Frequency And Actual Time Of Parking Recorded

(Wednesday)

TIME WEDNESDAY
AREA 1 AREA 2 AREA 3
8:00 - 9:00 30 104 1
9:00 - 10:00 22 99 1
10:00 - 11:00 29 110 2
11:00 - 12:00 49 83 2
12:00 - 1:00 43 77 10
1:00 - 2:00 35 73 5
2:00 - 3:00 53 77 6
3:00 - 4:00 45 77 7
4:00 - 5:00 56 32 2
TOTAL 362 732 36

Table 4. Frequency And Actual Time Of Parking Recorded

(Thursday)

TIME THURSDAY
AREA 1 AREA 2 AREA 3
8:00 - 9:00 12 52 4
9:00 - 10:00 23 51 5
10:00 - 11:00 25 56 7
11:00 - 12:00 34 65 7
12:00 - 1:00 45 77 10

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 1:00 - 2:00 65 60 2
2:00 - 3:00 58 66 5
3:00 - 4:00 66 68 5
4:00 - 5:00 66 37 5
TOTAL 394 532 50

Table 5. Frequency And Actual Time Of Parking Recorded

TIME FRIDAY (Friday)
AREA 1 AREA 2 AREA 3
8:00 - 9:00 34 103 5
9:00 - 10:00 38 105 4
10:00 - 11:00 32 98 5
11:00 - 12:00 35 107 5
12:00 - 1:00 56 87 6
1:00 - 2:00 62 100 4
2:00 - 3:00 69 94 4
3:00 - 4:00 67 87 5
4:00 - 5:00 55 74 5
TOTAL 448 855 43

3.1.2 Accumulation Parking

The characteristics of parking supply in city hall compound are

analysed based on parking accumulation, total parking supply. Friday

is the peak day for all areas. Area 1 at 12:00-5:00 in the afternoon, while

area 2 was fully occupied from 8:00am to 12:00pm and 1:00pm. In area

3, the 100% accumulation only happened from 8:00am to 12:00pm and

from 1:00pm to 2:00pm. The result at the city hall compound shows that

there are two intervals that are fully occupied, which is from 8:00am to

12:00pm and from 1:00pm to 5:00pm in the afternoon.

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 Table 6 presents the peak hours or the 100% accumulated

parking spaces occupied within a given time.

Table 6. Accumulation Parking

ACCUMULATION PARKING
PARKING AREA PEAK HOURS OR 100%
ACCUMULATION
AREA 1 12:00PM - 1:00PM (FRIDAY)
1:00PM - 2:00PM (FRIDAY)
2:00PM - 3:00PM (FRIDAY)
3:00PM - 4:00PM (FRIDAY)
4:00PM - 5:00PM (FRIDAY)

AREA 2 8:00 - 9:00 (FRIDAY)

9:00 - 10:00 (FRIDAY)
10:00 - 11:00 (FRIDAY)
11:00 - 12:00 (FRIDAY)
1:00 - 2:00 (FRI*DAY)
2:00 - 3:00 (FRIDAY)

AREA 3 8:00 - 9:00 (FRIDAY)

9:00 - 10:00 (FRIDAY)
10:00 - 11:00 (FRIDAY)
11:00 - 12:00 (FRIDAY)
1:00 - 2:00 (FRIDAY)

3.1.3 Parking Supply

Total parking supply had been measured in terms of how many

vehicles can be parked during the period of interest within the three

study areas. It was:

P = (Σ NT / D) * F
Where:
P= parking supply, vehicles
N= numbers of parking of a given type and time restriction

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 T=time that N spaces of a given type and time restriction
are available during the study period per hour
D= average parking duration during the study period or
hours/vehicles
F= insufficiency factor to account for turnover – values
range from 0.85 to 0.95 and increase as average
duration increase

Table 7. Parking Supply

HOUR ΣNT P=(ΣNT/
D)*F
8:00-9:00 530 106
9:00- 582 117
10:00
10:00- 644 129
11:00
11:00- 623 123
12:00
12:00- 640 128
1:00
1:00-2:00 626 125
2:00-3:00 681 136
3:00-4:00 689 138
4:00-5:00 474 95
TOTAL 5489 1099

It was determined in Table 7 that the total parking load as

calculated parking supply gave a result that 1137 vehicles could be

parked in study area over 9 hours period of the study. However, it does

not mean that all 1137 vehicles can park at 147 parking spaces at the

same time. It only gives a value of capability that 147 parking spaces

can receive 1147 vehicles in one day (9 hours).

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 Figure 1. Parking Supply

3.1.4 Number of Personnel

Table 8. Number of Personnel with Vehicles

Personnel Frequency Percentage

(with cars/vehicles)
Government 256 85.19
vehicles
City hall Employees 132 8.77
BCPO Employees 117 6.04
TOTAL 100

3.1.5 Parking Turnover

Table 8 shows the peak hours and number of vehicles in those

hours. It was disclosed in table 9 that the average turnover rate for all

parking areas in the compound resulted to 0.69. This means that for the

three areas of city hall each parking space have a rate of 0.69 of

parking occupied in one hour. This computation is expressed in the

formula:

TR = NT/Ps/60 mins * 9 hours

Where:

TR= parking turnover rate, veh/stall/h

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 NT=total number of parked vehicles observed

Ps= total number of parking stall

Ts=duration of the study period, h

Table 9. Parking Turnover rate

Area Parked No. Duration(hour) Turnover rate

vehicles Parking ts
observed stall ps
(nt)
1 1946 45 45 0.23 3.1
2 3330 45 45 0.26
3 213 45 45 0.2 .6.
TOTAL 0.69
Fut

ure Parking Demand for the next five years

From the parking generation standard, the average parking rate

base unit for parking building is .38 and the number of city hall

employees including the BCPO having a personal vehicle, has a total

of 508 (the data was sourced from the administration data collection).

From this data, the estimation of future parking demand in 5 years for

508 individuals who are parking in city hall compound is shown in Table

9.

Table 10. Parking Projection in the next five years

Personnel Parking Existing parking Parking

(with cars/vehicles) projection in Space
existing parking needed
in the next five
years
194 185 129
Future Parking
Demand
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3.2 Program Concepts

3.2.1 Site Analysis

The site is within a suitable location for the erection of a parking

building because it corresponds to the different smart principles

presented previously. The lot is situated in an area where it

accommodates the different government buildings and commercial

establishments. As an advantage of the site, it is adjacent to two roads

that can help in the circulation of vehicles. These roads can be heavily

congested during weekdays which can have an effect on the

circulation of vehicles. The site analysis includes graphical illustrations

coupled by explanations to rationalize the graphics. The analysis

include the solar, traffic, climate, neighbourhood, natural elements,

man-made elements, and sensory features.

3.2.2 Climate

Climatic conditions determine the best orientation of the

proposed project because it greatly influences the layout and

orientation of the building. For the city of Baguio, it belongs to climate

Type 1 classification characterized by two pronounced seasons: the

dry and wet season. Adjacent areas increases heat island effect within

the area resulting to high ambient temperature and low rate of rain

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water absorptivity which is necessary for a sustainable water reserve

and holding capacity within and outside of the study area.

3.2.3 Vehicular, Pedestrian and Bicycle/Motor Bike Circulation

Rapid visual observation was conducted and relative safety of

the various sidewalks surrounding the studied areas in the city hall

compound. Additional pedestrian ways are also needed along

Kayang road for the only pedestrian lane is in front of the Justice Hall

building. This is to provide an easy and safe access from the site to the

three buildings in the compound. The area along Kayang road is

always busy throughout the day for it is the exit of most jeepneys in the

area. By knowing the flow of activities of the different areas, this will

situate the designs and layouts of the buildings in order. The most

suitable entry is in the northern portion, Camp Allen road, where it has

the least traffic congestion in the area compared to Kayang road in

the southern area.

3.2.4 Neighbourhood

Another factor to be considered in the proposed project’s

design is the neighbourhood. The function of the proposed project fits

the location where it can accommodate the population of

government employees’ vehicles. The lot is adjacent to government

buildings and is nearby commercial establishments. No residential

areas are in close proximity to the lot making it non-susceptible to

factors that could affect these areas.

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3.2.5 Natural Elements

These are elements that exist within the site which may be in the

form of landscapes, rock formations, vegetation or any other natural

elements. The natural elements to be preserved in the lot are the trees

and vegetation around the lot.

3.2.6 Man-made Elements

Man-made elements show the existing utilities in the site such as

electric and sewage lines. Electric posts border the northern and

southern portion of the lot where the roads abut. These power lines will

supply electricity which can be used throughout the operation of the

project. An existing riprap is also located at the southeast portion of the

lot which will be removed to accommodate the entry and exit of the

building at Kayang road.

3.2.7 Sensory Features

Sensory pertains to sensation which dictates the sources of noise

and the location of good vistas within and around the site. Since the

site is in an urban area, heavy noise is produced due to the many

activities in the area. This is an essential element in designating the

proper allocations of areas.

3.2.8 Zoning

The site is under the institutional zone of the area according to

the Comprehensive Land Use Plan of Baguio, 2017-2018. It is adjacent

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