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SENTENCE PATTERN
ELEMENTS OF A SENTENCE
• SUBJECT- doer of he action/ topic of the
sentence.
D. SUBJECT- LINKING VERB- SUBJECT
• PREDICATE- States something about the
COMPLEMENT
subject.
- A predicate adjective follows a linking verb and
• DIRECCT OBJECT- receives the action done
describes the subject.
by the subject.
• INDIRECT OBJECT- precedes the direct
object and tells to whom or for whom the
action of the verb is done and who is
receiving the direct object.
E. SUBJECT- TRANSUTIVE VERB- DIRET
BASIC SENTECNCE PATTERN OBJECT- OBJECT COMPLEMENT
A. SUBJECT-INTRANSITIVE VERB (S-IV) - Object Compliment- is a noun or pronoun or
- Intransitive Verb- is a verb without a direct adjective which follows a direct object and
object renames it or tells what the direct object has
become.

B. SUBJECT- TRANSITIVE VERB - DIRECT

OBJECT
- Transitive Verb- verb that requires both a F. SUBJECT- TRANSITIVE VERB- INDIRECT
subject and a direct object. OBJECT- DIRECT OBJECT

C. SUBJECT- LINKING VERB- SUBJECT

COMPLEMENT
- A predicate nominative or a predicate noun
completes a linking verb and renames the
subject.
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LISTENING lecture or listen to the election for finding a
- It is the process of receiving or constructing friend’s house.
meaning from and responding to A spoken or - Focuses on accurately understanding the
nonverbal messages (INTERNATIONAL READING meaning of the speaker’s words while
ASSOCIATION) simultaneously interpreting nonverbal cues such
as facial expressions gestures postures and
vocal quality.
TYPES OF LISTENING - During a question-and-answer sessions
speakers use comprehensive listening skills to
I. APPRECIATIVE LISTENING accurately interpret the audience question
- Listening for pleasure and enjoyment as well
when we listen to music to a comedy routine or STEPS IN ACTIVE LISTENING
doing entertaining speech. 1. Listening carefully by using all available
- Describes how well speakers choose and use senses
words use you more as questions tell stories 2. Paraphrasing what is her both mentally
and argue persuasively and verbally.
3. Checking your understanding danger
II. EMPHATIC LISTENING accuracy
- If I take listening to provide emotional support 4. Providing feedback
for the speaker as when a psychiatrist listens
to a patient or when we lend a sympathetic ear IV. CRITICAL/ANALYTICAL LISTENING
to a friend. - Listening to evaluate a message for purposes
- It focuses on understanding and identifying with of accepting or rejecting it as we listen to the
a person situation feeling or motives sales speech or of a used car dealer or the
- There is an attempt to understand what the campaign speech of a political candidate
other person is feeling - Focuses on evaluating whether a message is
- Descender desktop necessarily agree or feel logical and reasonable
the same way with the speaker instead - Asks you to make judgment based on your
understand the type and intensity of feeling the evaluation of the speaker arguments
speaker is experiencing without judgment. - Challenges the speaker’s message by evaluating
its accuracy and meaningfulness and utility
III. COMPREHENSIVE/ ACTIVE LISTENING - Uses critical thinking skills
- Listening to understand the message of a -
speaker as when we attend a classroom
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- Here is the package of letters.
➢ A singular verb must be used with the
singular indefinite pronouns each, neither,
either, anyone, everyone, no one,
someone, anybody, everybody, nobody,
somebody, anything, everything, nothing,
and something.
EXAMPLE:
SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT - Neither of the houses is worth much.
- Everyone is bringing his own car.
(Rules for Subject-Verb ➢ Some subjects, although they appear
Agreement) plural, are singular in meaning and take a
➢ A verb must agree with its subject in singular verb.
number. EXAMPLE:
EXAMPLE: - The news seems more and more depressing
- A book is on the table every day.
- My books are on the table - Measles is the only childhood disease I haven’t
➢ The number of a verb does not change had.
when one or more phrases come ➢ A singular verb is generally used after
between a verb and its subject or when words denoting an amount (time, money,
there is an intervening phrase. measurement, weight, volume)
EXAMPLE: EXAMPLE:
- The box of grapes from Saratoga Farms was - Three weeks is a long vacation
delivered today. - Two weeks was all the vacation he got.
- The clown with the sad eyes looks pathetic. ➢ A singular verb is generally used after a
- Anna, together with her friends, is going to collective noun. If the individuals of a group
the party.
act separately however, a plural verb
- The coins, along with this watch, were a gift.
must be used.
➢ The words here there and where are not
subjects they introduce a sentence in
EXAMPLE:
inverted order. The verb must agree with - The jury was out an hour only
the subject of a sentence - The team have received their letter
EXAMPLE:
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➢ When the conjunction “and” connects the
parts of compound subjects, the verb is LISTENING AND NOTE-TAKING TIPS
generally plural. However, if the subject is (GENERAL TIPS)
- Have a clear purpose
preceded by each, any or every, the verb
- Recognize main ideas
will be singular. - Identify the how information is organized
EXAMPLE: - Select inly relevant ideas
- My mother and father are old - Have a system of recording information that
- Each mother and father was recognized at works for you.
the meeting.
➢ When the conjunction or, nor, either.. or, or STRATEGIES TO INCREAS COMPREHENSIVE AND
neither.. nor connect the parts of a compound IMPROVE NOTE TAKING
subject, the verb will agree with the subject A. USE SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATION
closer to it. - When taking notes, you can reduce the
EXAMPLE: amount g of language by shortening words and
- Either rain or snow is falling all over the state. sentence. Some ways of abbreviating re:
- Neither titles nor honors are everlasting a. Leaving out most artilcles and
- Neither the general nor his men are at the conjunction (the, a, and, but)
fort b. Shorten words by leaving out vowels or
- Either the apples or the large orange is for other letters (word truncation”
jack. c. Using abbreviation and symbols for
commonly used words and phrases
NOTE-TAKING B. USE CONCEPT MAPS AND DIAGRAMS
- Note taking involves active listening, as well as
connecting and relating information to ideas you NOTE TAKING SYSTEMS
already know. It also involves seeking answers A. THE CORNELL METHOD
to questions that arise from the material. B. THE OUTLINING METHOD
TAKING NOTES CAN HELP YOU TO: C. THE MAPPING METHOD
- Improve your understanding by making you D. THE CHARTING METHOD
convert difficult ideas into your own words. E. THE SENTENCE METHOD
- Prepare for writing fuller, better-connected
arguments in your essays
- Be more focused and time-efficient in your
exam revision period
- Asses your own progress as you study.