1

BIOTECHNOLOGY
Quarter 1 – Module 1:
CELL STRUCTURES

Biotechnology – Grade 8
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 1: Cell Structure and Organelles
First Edition, 2020
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BIOTECHNOLOG
Y Quarter 1 – Module 1:
Cell Structure

Joan C. Zinampan
Author
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Biotechnology – Grade 8 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM)

Module on Cell!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed, and reviewed by educators

both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator
in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while
overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this
also aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking
into consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing
them to manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to
encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the
module.
For the learner:

Welcome to the Biotechnology Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Cell

Structures and Organelles.

Through our hands we may learn, create, and accomplish. Hence, the hand in
this learning resource signifies that you as a learner is capable and empowered
to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and skills at your own pace
and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time.
You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being
an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What’s In What’s New

What I Need to Know What I Know
 In this portion, the new lesson will be
introduced to you in various ways such as a
What is It What’s More
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity, or a situation.
This section provides a brief discussion of the
lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.
What I Have Learned What I Can Do
This comprises activities for independent
This will give you an idea of the skills or practice to solidify your understanding and
competencies you are expected to learn in the skills of the topic. You may check the answers
module. to the exercises using the Answer Key at the
end of the module.
This part includes an activity that aims to
check what you already know about the This includes questions or blank
lesson to take. If you get all the answers sentence/paragraph to be filled into process
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this what you learned from the lesson.
module. This section provides an activity which will
This is a brief drill or review to help you link help you transfer your new
the current lesson with the previous one.
knowledge or skill into real life situations
or concerns.
competency.
Assessment Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given
to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned. This also tends retention of
learned concepts.
Answer Key
This is a task which aims to evaluate your This contains answers to all activities in the
level of mastery in achieving the learning module.

At the end of this module, you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing

this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any
part of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the
exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other
activities included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you
are not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!
 What I Need to Know
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help
you master the cell structures and organelles. The scope of this module permits
it to be used in many different learning situations. The language used
recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to
follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read
them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.

The module is all about the Cellular Structures and

Organelles. After going through this module, you are

expected to:
1. Identify and describe the structures of a typical eukaryotic cell and their
functions

What I Know
Directions: Read the statements/ questions carefully. Encircle the letter of
the correct answer.
1. What is the function of the mitochondria?
A. Make proteins C. Removes waste
B. Make energy (ATP) D. Pack and ship proteins
2. What is the function of the ribosomes?
A. Make proteins C. Package and ship proteins B. Transport proteins D.
Store water. food and waste 3. A Grade -8 student was told to examine a cell
under the microscope and determine whether it is a prokaryote or a
eukaryote. What structure in the cell would help the student identify that it
is a cell of a eukaryote?
A. Cell wall C. Nucleus
B. Lysosome D. Vacuole
4. Which organelles are filled with enzymes that aid in intra-cellular
digestion, breaking down wastes and old organelles?
A. Golgi body C. Mitochondria
B. Lysosomes D. Ribosomes
5. Which organelle is shown in the diagram?
A. Golgi bodies
B. Mitochondrion
C. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
D. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
6. Which of the following is directly involved in the transportation of
materials inside/within the cell?
A. Endoplasmic Reticulum C. Mitochondria
B. Lysosome D. Vacuole
7. Which of the following structures would you expect to find a cell wall? A.
Human skin cell C. Blood cell from a cat B. Cell from an oak tree D. Liver cell
from a mouse
8. Which part of the cell controls everything that happens in it? A.
Cell membrane C. Nucleus
 B. Mitochondria D. Vacuoles
9. Which part of the cell is a watery, jelly-like substance? A.
Cytoplasm C. Nucleus
B. Cell wall D. Vacuoles
10. In plant cells, which part is the rigid outer layer that supports and
protects the cell?
A. Cytoplasm C. Nucleus
B. Cell wall D. Vacuoles
Lesson

1 Biotechnology: Cellular

Structures and
Organelles
Cell is the basic structural, functional, and biological unit of all known
organisms. A cell is the smallest unit of life. Each part of the cell with a
specific job to do is called organelles. Eukaryotic cells contain organelles that
allow the specialization and the separation of functions within the cell.

What’s In
Directions: Do you still remember your discussions during your Grade 7 about
cells? You need to recall important words related to cells that will be used in
this module. Locate at least ten (15) words related to cell structures. They are
horizontal, vertical, or diagonal. Use the clues given below and identify them.
Write your answers on the space provided for.

Activity 1
SEARCH FOR ME

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BSYUVASBENARBMEMAMSALPHN
HEXCJAJUVFZYJPCUDCUPBIJZ
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AOUEMQKUPAZVQZCINLGVQSQN
IIWUSDRLOORUKYZDTLUTSUHO
ORBSTVAETLXAYXDRVWESELJT
BTTQCMRRJZECPIMMFAIDIAYE
XNSZANNTIXKNVPCLBLTDBCDL
EEABWTODBADXEIAZLLSSIAIE
FCLJZSIKZJKELAEIGYDXRVBK
FAPIJMRKIRFISFGYGUSVDMUS
OJOIFZDOPVASBPLNZLVOULMO
VKRKYJNQARPUXQHVGGOWSJJT
EDOIEDOBOOMXUZDTDWHGVORY
MULJERHUPYEMOSOBIRDZQTMC
JUHOPKCOYUIKKOTNVPGWUENE
XTCSJIOIPWFRKLTLPVBNGQSK
LCGYZNTFOBZVILVPTCINLQNM
JMULUCITERCIMSALPODNEMAJ
FQTSTDMBORCHXJYUPLFAVFPL
KSPKCHXNNHHFYZFQYEVMSHEE
 VCAPUXZDFURXFLAGELLABMVH
QIVXUFDZDAMIFRVUVWTFEDKL
Clues:
1. I am the organelle that occur in pair and important
for cell division.
2. I am an inflexible barrier that provides support and
protects the plant cell.
3. I am an organelle that is the site of protein synthesis.
4. I am membrane -bound vesicle for the
temporary
storage of materials.
5. I am flexible boundary that controls the movement of
substances into and out of the cell.
6. I am the control center of the cell that contains coded
directions to produce proteins and cell division.
7. I am a membrane – bound organelle that makes
energy available to the rest of the cell.
8. I am a vesicle that contains digestive enzymes for
the
breakdown of excess or worn-out cellular substances.
9. I am the projection that aids in the locomotion and
feeding
10. I am the framework of the cell within the cytoplasm
11. I am a double membrane organelle with thylakoids
containing chlorophyll, where photosynthesis
take place
12. I am highly folded membrane that is the site of
protein synthesis.
13. I am a projection from cell surfaces that aid in
locomotion and feeding; also used to
sweep substances along surfaces.
14. I am a flattened stack of tubular membranes that
modifies proteins and packages them for distribution
outside the cell.
15. I have a thick solution that fills each cell, and I am
enclosed by the plasma/cell membrane.

What’s New
Microscopic studies show that cells have three fundamental parts. They are (a)
cytoplasm, the region where the main metabolic life activities take place, (b)
Cell membrane which protectively surrounds the cytoplasm, and (c) nucleus or
region of the cell where the genetic material is located. Each fundamental part
is made up of minute structure that has a function.
Activity 2
LABEL MY PARTS

Directions: Label the parts of a typical cell shown below. Write your answer on
the numbers written below the illustration.
 https://th.bing.com/th/id/OIP.JfgPaMUhHe4LqcFXVEmtQHaER?pid=ImgDet&rs=1 Figure 1. A
typical cell
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 9.
8. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14.

What is It
Why might eukaryotic cells have developed specialized structures
to carry out various functions? By separating various functions into cell
organelles, eukaryotic cells can specialize certain internal regions to
various functions, some of which can happen at the same time.
Eukaryotic cells contain organelles that allow the
specialization and the separation of functions within the cell.
Suppose you start a company to manufacture hiking boots. Each
pair of boots could be made individually by one person, but it would be
more efficient to use an assembly line. Similarly, eukaryotic cells have
specialized structures that perform specific tasks, much
like a factory.
PLASMA MEMBRANE Recall that the process of maintaining balance in
an organism is internal environment is called homeostasis. The plasma
membrane is a thin, flexible boundary
between a cell and allows
waste
and other products to leave
the
cell.
A key property of the
plasma membrane or also
called
plasma membrane is selective
permeability by which a
membrane allows some
substances to pass through while
keeping others out. Figure 2.
illustrates selective permeability of
the plasma membrane.
 CYTOPLASM AND CYTOSKELETON
You have just investigated the part of the cell that functions as the
boundary between the inside and outside environments. The environment
inside plasma membrane is a semifluid material called cytoplasm. In a
prokaryotic cell, all the chemical processes of the cell, such as breaking
down sugar to generate the energy used for other functions, take place
directly in the cytoplasm.
Recently, cell biologists have discovered that organelles do not float
freely in a cell but are supported by a structure within the cytoplasm like
the structure shown in Figure 3. The cytoskeleton is a supporting network
of long, thin proteins fibers that form a framework for the cell and provide
an anchor
for the organelles inside the cells. The cytoskeleton also has a
function in the cell movement and other cellular activities.
The cytoskeleton is made of substances called microtubules and
microfilaments. Microtubules are long, hollow protein cylinders that form
a rigid skeleton for the cell and assist in moving substances within the
cell. Microfilaments are thin protein threads that help give the cell shape
and enable the entire cell or parts of the cell to move. Microtubules and
microfilaments
rapidly assemble
and disassemble
and slide past
one another. This
allows cells and
organelles to
move.

Figure 2. Microtubules
and microfilaments
make up the cytoskeleton

Cell Structures
In a factory, there are separate areas set up for performing different tasks.
Eukaryotic cells also have separate areas for tasks. Membrane- bound
organelles make it possible for possible for different chemical processes to take
place at the same time in different parts of the cytoplasm.
The nucleus Just as a factory needs a manager, a cell needs an organelle to
direct the cell processes. The nucleus is the cell’s managing structure. It
contains most of the cell’s DNA, which stores information used to make proteins
for cell growth, function, and reproduction.
The nucleus is surrounded by double membrane called the nuclear
envelope is like the plasma membrane, except the nuclear membrane has
nuclear pores that allow larger-sized substances to move in and out of the
nucleus. Chromatin, which is a complex DNA attached to protein, its
spread throughout the nucleus.
Ribosomes One of the functions of a cell is to produce proteins. The organelles
that help manufacture proteins are called ribosomes. Ribosomes are made of
two components-RNA and protein and are not bound by a membrane like other
organelles are. Within the nucleus is the site of ribosome production called the
nucleolus. Cells have many ribosomes that produce a variety of proteins that
are used by the cell or are moved out and
used by other cells. Some ribosomes float freely in the cytoplasm, while others
are bound to another organelle called the endoplasmic reticulum. Free-floating
ribosomes produce proteins for use within the cytoplasm of the cell. Bound
ribosomes produce proteins that will be bound within membranes or used by
other cells.
Endoplasmic Reticulum The endoplasmic reticulum also called ER is a
membrane system of folded sacs and interconnected channels that serve as the
site for protein and lipid synthesis. The pleats and folds of the ER provide a
large amount of surface area where cellular functions can take place. The area
of ER where ribosomes are
attached is called rough endoplasmic reticulum. The rough ER appears to have
bumps on it. These bumps are the attached ribosomes that will produce
proteins for export to other cells.
There are areas of ER that do not have ribosomes attached. The area of
ER where no ribosomes are attached is called smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
Although the smooth ER has o ribosomes, it does perform important functions
for the cell. For example, the, the smooth ER provides a membrane surface
where a variety of complex carbohydrates and lipids, including phospholipids
are synthesized. Smooth ER in the liver detoxifies harmful substances

Golgi Apparatus After hiking boots are made in a factory, they must be
organized into pairs, boxed, and shipped. Similarly, after proteins are made in
the endoplasmic reticulum, some might be transferred to the Golgi (GAWL jee)
apparatus. The Golgi apparatus is a flattened stack of membranes that
modifies, sorts and packages proteins into sacs called vesicles. Vesicles than
can fuse with the cells plasma membrane to release proteins to the environment
outside the cell.
Vacuoles A factory needs a place to store materials and waste products.
Similarly, cells have membrane-bound vesicles called vacuoles for temporary
storage of materials within the cytoplasm. A vacuole, such as the plant vacuole
as is a sac used to store food, enzymes and other materials needed by a cell.
Some vacuoles store waste products. Interestingly, animal
cells usually do not contain vacuoles. If animal cells do have vacuoles, they are
much smaller than those n plant cells.
Lysosomes Factories and cells also need cleanup crews. In a cell, there are
lysosomes, which are vesicles that contain substances that digest excess or
worn- out organelles and food particles. Lysosomes also digest bacteria and
viruses that have entered the cell. The membrane surrounding a lysosome
prevents the digestive enzymes inside from destroying the cell. Lysosomes can
fuse with vacuoles and dispense their enzymes into the
vacuoles. These enzymes digest the waste inside.
Centrioles In the early part of your readings, you read about microtubules and
cytoskeleton. Groups of microtubules form another structure called centriole.
Centrioles are organelles made of microtubules that function during cell
division. Centrioles are located in the cytoplasm of animal cells and most
protists are usually near the nucleus.
Mitochondria Imagine now that a boot factory has its own generator that
produces the electricity it needs. Cells also have energy generators called
mitochondria, singular mitochondrion, which convert fuel particles mainly
sugars into usable energy. Mitochondrion has an outer membrane and a highly
folded inner membrane that provides a large surface for breaking the bonds in
sugar molecules. The energy produced from the breakage is stored in the bonds
of the other molecules and later used by the cell. For this reason, mitochondria
often are referred to as the “powerhouses” of cells.
Chloroplasts Factory machines need electricity that is generated by burning
fossil fuels or by collecting energy from alternative sources, such as
the sun. Plant cells have their own way of using solar energy. In addition to
mitochondria, plants and some other eukaryotic cells contain chloroplast,
which are organelles that capture
light energy and convert it to chemical energy through a process called
photosynthesis. Chloroplast has a disk-shaped compartment called thylakoids.
It is there that the energy from sunlight is trapped by a pigment called
chlorophyll. Chlorophyll gives leaves and stems their green color.
Chloroplasts belong to a group of plant organelles called plastids, some of which
are used for storage. Some plastids store starches or lipids. Others such as
chloroplasts, contain red, orange, or yellow pigments that trap light energy and
give color to plant structures such as flowers and leaves.
Cell wall Another structure associated with plant cells is the cell wall. The cell
wall is a thick, rigid mesh of fibers that surrounds the outside of the plasma
membrane, protects the cell, and gives it support. Rigid cell walls allow plants
to stand at various heights- from blades of grass to Philippine teak trees. Plant
cell walls are made of carbohydrate called cellulose, which gives the cell walls
their inflexible characteristics.
Cilia and flagella Some eukaryotic cell surfaces have structures called cilia and
flagella that project outside the plasma membrane. Cilia (singular cilium) are
short, numerous projections that look like hairs. The motion of cilia is similar to
the motion of oars in a rowboat. Flagella (singular flagellum) are longer and less
numerous than cilia. These projections move
with whiplike motion. Cilia and flagellum are composed of microtubules
arranged in a 9+2 configuration, in which nine pairs of microtubules surround
two single microtubules. Typically, a cell has one or two flagella.
Prokaryotic cilia and flagella contain cytoplasm and are enclosed by the
plasma membrane. These structures are made of complex proteins. While both
structures are used for cell movement., cilia are also found on stationary cells.
Table 1. Summary of Cell Structures
Cell Illustrat Function Found In
Structure io n what Cell
Type

Cell Wall An inflexible barrier that Plant cells,

provides support and protects fungi, and
the plant cell so
me
prokaryotes

Centrioles Organelles that occur in Animal cells

pairs and are important for and
cell division most protists
cells

Chloroplast A double - membrane Plant cells

organelle with thylakoids and
containing chlorophyll, were some protists
photosynthesis takes place. cells

Cilia Projections from cell surfaces Some

that aid in animal
cells,
protists
 cells and
prokaryotes

Cytoskeleton A framework for the cell All

within the cytoplasm eukaryotic
cells

Endoplas A highly molded All

mi c membrane that is the site eukaryotic
Reticulum of protein synthesis cells

Flagella Projections that aid in Some animal

locomotion cells,
and feeding prokaryotes
an
d
some plant cells

Golgi A flattened stack of tubular All

Apparatu membranes that modifies eukaryotic
s proteins and packages cells
them
for distribution outside the
cell

Lysosome A vesicle that contains Animal cells

digestive enzymes for the and rare
breakdown of excess or in plant cells
worn
out cellular substances

Mitochondrio A membrane-bound All

n organelle that makes eukaryotic
energy available to cells
the rest of the cell

Nucleus The control center of the All

cell that contains coded eukaryotic
directions for the cells
production of proteins
and cell division

Plasma A flexible boundary that All cells

Membrane controls the movement of
substances into and out of
the
cell.

Ribosome Organelle that is the site All cells

protein synthesis

Vacuole A membrane-bound vesicle Plant cells-one

for the temporary storage of large,
materials rarel
y animal cells-
a few
small
 What’s More

Activity 3
Visualizing Us!

Directions: Compare the illustration of a plant cell, animal cell and prokaryotic
cell. Some organelles are found only in plant cells, others are found only in
animal cells. Prokaryotic cells do not have membrane bound organelles. Using a
Venn Diagram, write, which cell structures are found only in plant cells, which
are found only in animal cells, which are found only in prokaryotic cells, and
which are found in all three.

A. Plant Cell B. Animal Cell

https://thumbs.dreamstime.com/x/plant-cell-easy-to-edit-illustration-diagram-31606462.jpg

C. Prokaryotic cell

https://th.bing.com/th/id/OIP.SxxYJJJGRbhSVH55QnHLDQHaHB?pid=ImgDet&rs=1
Prokaryotic Cell

34

2
 Plant Cell
Animal Cell
1

1. Plant and Animal 3. Plant and Prokaryotes 2. All Three 4. Animal and

prokaryotes

What I Have Learned

Activity 4. Constructed Response

Directions: Answer the following questions briefly.

1. Why the cytoskeleton within the cytoplasm in recent discovery?

2. Compare the structures and functions of the mitochondrion and chloroplast.

3. What are lysosomes? In the immune system, how might lysosomes be

important to cells that attack foreign organisms such as bacteria?

4. How do plants benefit from cell walls?

5. How the plasma membrane help maintain homeostasis in a cell?

What I Can Do
Activity 4 Create and Compare Me to Our City
Directions: From the nucleus to the cell membrane, explore the similarities
between a cell’s structure and a city by illustrating it in a whole bond
paper. Materials:
- Short bond paper
- Art materials
RUBRIC ON CELL ANALOGY OUTPUT

Assessment

1. Which structure synthesizes proteins that will be used by the cell? A.

Chromatin C. Ribosomes
B. Nucleolus D. Endoplasmic Reticulum 2. Which structure
contains a prokaryotic cells genetic material? A. DNA C. Ribosomes
B. Nucleoid D. Nuclear envelope
3. Which of the following structure is found in plant cells but not in animal
cells?
A. Cell wall C. Nucleus
B. Endoplasmic Reticulum D. Plasma Membrane
4. Which best describes the structure of a cell’s plasma membrane? A. It
is selectively permeable.
B. Proteins are embedded in two layers.
C. It is made up of sugars, fats, and proteins.
D. A layer of protein coating of phospholipids.
5. In plant cells, a large, fluid-filled space inside the cell that helps the cell
maintain its shape and may also be used to store nutrients and waste
products. In animal cells, small fluid spaces inside the cell that are used
to store nutrients and waste products. What is this organelle that is
 found in both plant and animal cells?
A. Endoplasmic Reticulum C. Ribosomes
B. Golgi bodies D. Vacuoles
6. Which of the following is considered as the “post office” of the cell that
packages proteins and fats?
A. Golgi Apparatus C. Rough ER
B. Lysosome D. Smooth ER
7. Which part of the cell is responsible for breaking down used organelles and
essentially “digesting substances?
A. Lysosomes C. Golgi Apparatus
B. Ribosomes D. Vacuoles
8. Which part of the cell has the genetic material and is often called the” brain of
the cell?
A. Nucleus C. Nuclear pores
B. Nucleolus D. Nuclear membrane

9. Which best describes flagella?

A. Thin, solid rods that aid cell motion.
B. Long, solid rods that anchor organelles
C. Short, hair-like structures that propel a cell.
D. Long, whip-like structures that propel a cell
10. Which of the following organelle that captures light to make energy? A.
Chloroplast C. Mitochondria
B. Cell wall D. Ribosomes
Additional Activities

Writing in Biotechnology
Directions: In a 1 whole bond paper, construct/create a poem that
describes the function of at least five cell organelles. Below is rubric in
giving your scores for your guidance.

Poem Writing in Biotechnology Rubric

Criteria Excelle Good Needs Attempt Not
nt (4pts) Impro in g g Attempt
(5pts) ve (2pts) in g g
ment (1 pt.)
(3pts)

Use of poetic
languages

Makes sense

Thoughtful
sentences that
support the topic

Use of line
breaks
/rhythm/repetitio
n

Added details
/descriptions

Mechanics/
Capitali za tion/
Punctuation
 Spelling

Total points /4
0

Answer Key
What I know
1. B 6. A
2. A 7. B
3. C 8. C
4. B 9. A
5. C 10. B

What’s in

1. Centriole 6. Nucleus 11. Chloroplast 2. Cell wall 7.

12. Endoplasmic
Mitochondrion
Reticulum
3. Ribosomes 8. Lysosomes 13. Cilia 4. Vacuoles 9. Flagella 14. Golgi
Apparatus Cytoskeleton15. Cytoplasm
5. Plasma membrane 10.

Assessment
1. C 6. A
2. A 7. A
3. A 8. A
4. A 9. D
5. D 10. A

What’s New
1. Nucleolus 6. Golgi Apparatus 11. Cytoplasm 2. Nucleus 7.
Microtubule 12. Peroxisome 3. Ribosome 8. Smooth ER 13. Centriole
4. Vesicle n membrane
5. Rough ER • Nucleus
What’s More 9. Mitochondria 10. Lysosome 3. Plant and Prokaryotes
1. Plant and Animal • 14. Cell Cell wall
Cytoskeleto

• Endoplasmic Reticulum •
Golgi Apparatus
• Vacuole
• Mitochondria
2. All Three 4. Animal and prokaryotes Genetic material Cilia
Plasma membrane Flagella
Ribosom
 es
Cytoplas
m

What I Have Learned

1. The cytoskeleton can be seen only with a high-resolution microscope

which is a recent invention
2. Mitochondria convert the energy stored in food molecules to a different
energy-storing substances (ATP) that can be used by the cell.
Chloroplast capture light energy and convert it to chemical energy.
Both organelles rely on vast surface area to function correctly.
3. Lysosomes are vesicles that digest excess, worn-out or harmful
substances in cell vacuoles. Immune cells use lysosomes to digest
bacteria and viruses that invade a cell.
4. Answers may include that cell walls are rigid, which helps plant cells
have shape and structure.
5. The plasma membrane controls what enters and leaves a cell,
maintaining homeostasis.

References
Retrieved from:

Biology, Teacher Edition, Glencoe Science, McGraw Hill Education,2012

McGraw Hill Companies Inc
Functional Biology Modular Approach .by; Rabago, et.al, Vibal Publishing
https://thumbs.dreamstime.com/x/plant-cell-easy-to-edit-illustration-diagram
31606462.jpg

https://th.bing.com/th/id/OIP.SxxYJJJGRbhSVH55QnHLDQHaHB?
pid=ImgDet& rs=1