I.

Pretest
Answer the following questions in a short bond paper.
1. The Contemporary World is a study of
a. Conflicts of the present day
b. Current trends about Globalization
c. Temporary changes around the globe
d. The politics, social, culture, and economy worldwide
2. Among the different conceptions about globalization, which pertains to the global
spread and integration of ideas, values, norms, behaviors, and ways of life of a certain
country to another.
a. Globalization in Nationalism
b. Globalization in Influence
c. Globalization in Culture
d. Globalization in Norms
3. Social media has become a ubiquitous part of daily life, but this growth and
evolution has been in the works since the late 70s. From primitive days of
newsgroups, listservs and the introduction of early chat rooms, social media has
changed the way we communicate, gather and share information, and given rise to a
connected global society (Morrison, 2015). This evolution of social media is what
aspect of globalization?
a. Economic
b. Cultural
c. Sociological
d. Political
4. What is false about the difference between standard of life and quality of life in
terms of Globalization?
a. Standard of life is referring to the material things while quality of life is the non-
tangible things a person has achieved in life.
b. Globalization has a different effects on an individual in terms of standard of living
and quality of life.
c. Standard of living is the level of wealth of an individual while quality of life is the
degree which a person enjoys his life.
d. Standard of living pertains to the geographic area of an individual while Quality of
life pertains to the level of the country he is living on
5. The United Nations came into being in 1945, following the devastation of the
Second World War, with one central mission: the maintenance of international peace
and security. The UN does this by working to prevent conflict; helping parties in
conflict make peace; peacekeeping; and creating the conditions to allow peace to hold
and flourish. What aspect of globalization deals with the establishment of UN in order
to maintain international peace and security?
a. Sociological
b. Political
c. Cultural
d. Economic
6. When businesses want to manufacture their products at a cheaper rate, they
employ the services from developing countries which is possible in countries such as
China and Cambodia, where manufacturing costs and wages are lower than highly
developed countries. This business practice is called ____________.
a. Local employment
b. Outsourcing
c. Networking
d. Freelancing
7. Economic globalization is the increasing economic interdependence of national
economies across the world through a rapid increase in cross-border movement of
goods, service, technology, and capital. Some sociologists, like William I. Robinson
has argued that because a capitalist economy is premised on growth and expansion, a
globalized economy is the inevitable result of ________________.
a. Capitalism
b. Socialism
c. Communism
d. Interactionism
8. With around 20,000 stores in 63 countries, Starbucks, the world's most popular
coffee house has made its mark from Brazil to China, where many thought it would
fail to take off due to the cultural importance of tea drinking. The company has gone
to great lengths to make sure that every Starbucks feels like a local coffee house,
without losing brand consistency. For example, in China, a regional dislike for coffee
was combatted with coffee-free drinks, whilst stores in Asia feature more adaptable
seating arrangements to cater for larger groups. This effort is what attribute of a
global corporation?
a. Understand different cultures
b. Turbo-charged by the internet
c. Carefully chosen international partners
d. Measure success
9. It is the prevailing factor that influence the European nations-states to compete
with their economical level through navigation and finding raw materials.
a. Navigation Policy
b. Colonialism
c. Mercantilism
d. Imperialism
10. The United Nations defines _____ as a condition characterized by severe
deprivation of basic human needs including food, safe drinking water, sanitation
facilities, health, shelter, education and information.
a. Extreme poverty
b. Information loss
c. Human rights violation
 d. Mortality rate

II. Title
Chapter 1 DEFINING GLOBALIZATION

III. Learning Objectives

 Differentiate the competing conceptions of globalization;
 Identify the underlying philosophies of the varying definitions of
globalizations; and
 Agree on a working of globalization for the course
IV. Introduction
Much has changed since time immemorial. Human beings have encountered many
changes over the last century especially in their social relationships and social structures. Of
these changes, one can say that globalization is a very important change, if not, the “most
important” (Bauman, 2003). The reality and omnipresence of globalization makes us see
ourselves as part of what we refer to as the “global age” (Albrow, 1996). The internet, for
example, allows a person from the Philippines to know what is happening to the rest of the world
simply by browsing google. The mass media also allows for connections among people,
communities, and countries all over the globe.
So what globalization?
Over the years, globalization has gained many connotations to progress, development, and
integration. On the other hand, some view globalization as a positive phenomenon. For instance,
Swedish journalist, Thomas Larsson (2001) saw globalization as “the process of world
shrinkage, of distances getting shorter, things moving closer. It pertains to the increasing ease
with which somebody on the other side of the world” (p.9). On the other hand, some see it as
occurring through and with regression colonialism, and destabilization. In the mid-1990’s,
Martin Khor, the former president of Third World Network (TWN) in Malaysia, once regarded
globalization as colonization.
In this chapter, different definitions of globalization will be discussed. The task of
conceptualizing it reveals a variety of perspectives. To understand further the concept, different
metaphors will be used.

V. Content
The Task of Defining Globalization
Since its first appearance in the Wesbter’s Dictionary in 1961, many opinions about
globalization revealed that definitions could be classified as either (1) broad and inclusive or (2)
narrow and exclusive. The one offered by Ohmae in 1992 stated, “…globalization means the
onset of the borderless world…” (p. 14). This is an example of a broad and inclusive type of
definition. If one uses such, it can include a variety of issues that deal with overcoming
traditional boundaries. However, it does not shed light on the implications of globalization due to
its vagueness.
Narrow and exclusive definitions are better justified but can limiting, in the sense that
their application adhere to only particular definitions. Robert Cox’s definition suits best in this
type: “the characteristics of the globalization trend include the internationalizing of production,
the new international division of labor, new migratory movements from South to North, the new
competitive environment that accelerates these processes, and the internationalizing of the
state… making states into agencies of the globalizing world” (as cited in RAWOO Netherlands
Development Assistance Research Council, 2000, p. 14).
A more recent definition was given by Ritzer (2015), “globalization is a transplanetary
process or a set of processes involving increasing liquidity and the growing multidirectional
flows of people, objects, places, and information as well as the structures they encounter and
create that are barriers to, or expedite, those flows…” (p. 2). Generally, this definition assumes
that globalization could bring either or both integration and/or fragmentation. Although things
flow easily in a global world, hindrances or structural blocks are also present. These blocks could
show down one’s activity in another country or could even limit the places a person can visit.
If so, why are we going to spend time studying this concept? How can we appreciate
these definitions? How can these help us understand globalization?
First, the perspective of the person who defines globalization shapes its definition. The
overview of globalization is many things to many different people. In 1996, Arjun Appadurai
said, “globalization is a ‘world of things’ that have ‘different speeds, axes, points of origin and
termination, and varied relationships to institutional structures in different regions, nations, or
societies” (as cited in Chowhury, 2006, p. 137). In a more recent study, Al-Rhodan (2006) wrote
that definitions suggest the perspective of the author on the origins and the geopolitical
implications of globalization.
Second, to paraphrase the sociologist Cisare Poppi: Globalization is the debate and the
debate is globalization. One become part and parcel of the other. As Poppi (1997) wrote: “The
literature stemming from the debate on globalization has grown in the last decade beyond any
individual’s capability of extracting a workable definition of the concept. In a sense, the meaning
of the concept is self-evident, in another, it is vague and obscure as its reaches are wide and
constantly shifting. Perhaps, more than any other concept, globalization is the debate about it”
(as cited in Kumar, 2003, p. 95).
Third, globalization is a reality. It is changing as human society develops. It has
happened before and is still happening today. We should expect it to continue to happen in the
future. The future of globalization is more difficult to predict. What we could expect in the
coming years is what has happened over the past 50 years and that is the fluidity and complexity
of globalization as a concept, which made more debates, discussions, and definitions than
agreements on it.
 In his article, “The Globalization of Nothing,” Ritzer (2003) said, “attitudes toward
globalization depend, among other things, on whether one gains or loses from it” (p. 190)
Metaphors of Globalization
In order for us to better understand the concept of globalization, we will utilize
metaphors. Metaphors make use of one term to help us better understand another term. In our
case, the states of matter –solid and gas—will be used.
 Solid and Liquid
The epochs that preceded today’s globalization paved way for people, things,
information, and places to harden over time. Consequently, they have limited mobility (Ritzer,
2015). The social relationships and objects remained where they were created. Solidity also
refers to barriers that prevent or make difficult the movement of things. Furthermore, solids can
either be natural or man-made. Examples of natural solids are landforms and bodies of water.
Man-made barriers include the Great Wall of China and Berlin Wall. An imaginary line such as
the nine-dash line in used by the People’s Republic of China in their claim to the South China
Sea is an example of modern man-made solid.
Liquid, a state of matter, takes the shape of its container. Moreover, liquids are not fixed.
Liquidity, therefore, refers to the increasing ease of movement of people, things, information,
and places in the contemporary world. Zygmunt Bauman’s ideas were the ones that have much to
say about the characteristic of liquidity. First, today’s liquid phenomena change quickly and their
aspects, spatial and temporal, are in continuous fluctuation. This means that space and time are
crucial elements of globalization. In global finance, for instance, changes in the stock market are
a matter of seconds. Another characteristic of liquid phenomena is that their movement to stop.
For example, videos uploaded on YouTube or Facebook are unstoppable once they become viral.
The so-called Internet sensations become famous not only in their homeland but also to the entire
world. Finally, the forces (the liquid ones) made political boundaries more permeable to the flow
of people and things (Cartier, 2001). This brings us to what Ritzer (2015, p. 6) regarded as the
most important characteristic of liquid: it “tends to melt whatever stands in its path (especially
solids).” The clearest example is the decline, if not death, of the nation-state.

 Flows
Flows are the movement of people, things, places, and information brought by the growing
“porosity” of global limitations (Ritzer, 2015). Think of different cuisines being patronized and
consumed by the Filipinos. Aside from local dishes, many of us are fond of eating sushi, ramen,
hamburger, and French Fries, foods introduced to us by foreign cultures. Clearly, foods are being
globalized. The following are other kinds of flows that can be observed today: poor illegal
migrants flooding many parts of the world (Moses, 2006), the virtual flow of legal and illegal
information such as blogs and child pornography, respectively, and immigrants recreating ethnic
enclaves in host countries. A concrete example is the Filipino communities abroad and the
Chinese communities in the Philippines.
Process Questions
1. What are advantages and disadvantages of using (a) broad and inclusive definitions and
(b) narrow and exclusive definitions of globalization?
2. What do you think is the importance of defining globalization?
3. Do you agree with the idea that the contemporary world is characterized by high
liquidity? Why or why not?
Globalization Theories
We have established the many definitions of and issues in defining globalization and the
metaphors that we can use to understand easily the concept. We have also looked into its origins
and history. This section will give you a glimpse of the important theories on globalization. In
the meantime, it would be helpful to assert that the theories see globalization as a process that
increases either homogeneity or heterogeneity.
Homogeneity refers to the increasing sameness in the world as cultural inputs, economic
factors, and political orientations of societies expand to create common practices, same
economies, and similar forms of government. Homogeneity in culture is often linked to cultural
imperialism. This means, a given culture influences other cultures. Hence, a given culture
influences other cultures. For example, the dominant religion in our country is Christianity,
which was brought to us by the Spaniards. In terms of economy, there is recognition of the
spread neoliberalism, capitalism, and market economy in the world (Antonio, 2007). Global
economic crises are also products of homogeneity in economic globalization. Stiglitz (2002), for
instance, blamed the International Monetary Fund (IMF) for its (one-size-fits-all) approach
which treats every country in the world as the same. In the end, rich countries become
advantageous in the world economy at the expense of poor countries, which leads to increased
inequality among nations. The political realm also suffers homogenization if one takes into
account the emerging similar models of governance in the world. Barber (1995) said that
“McWorld” is existing. It means only one political orientation is growing in today’s societies.
The global flow of media is often characterized as media imperialism. TV, music, books,
and movies are perceived as imposed on developing countries by the West (Cowen, 2002).
Media imperialism undermines the existence of alternative global media originating from
developing countries, such as the Al Jazeera (Bielsa, 2008) and the Bollywood (Larkin, 2003).,
as well as the influence of the local and regional media. The internet can be seen as an arena for
alternative media. Cultural imperialism denies the agency of viewers, but people around the
world often interpret the same medium (e.g. a movie) in significantly different ways. Global
media are dominated by a small number of large corporations. As McChesney (1999) put it, this
is being “extended from old media to new media” (p. 11), such as Microsoft, Facebook, Twitter,
Google, and Apple’s iTunes. As a result, in the long run, the Internet could end up being less
diverse and competitive. Independent Media Center, associated with the alter-globalization
movement, helps to counter this trend. It disseminates information to facilitate global
participation of activists. Hacktivists extend activism to the internet by hacking into computer
programs to promote a particular programs to promote a particular cause (Juris, 2005).
Ritzer (2008) claimed that, in general, the contemporary world is undergoing the process
of McDonaldization. It is the process by which Western societies are dominated by the principles
of fast food restaurants. McDonaldization involves the global spread of rational systems, such as
efficiency, calculability, predictability, and control. Ritzer (2008) pointed out that this process is
“extended to other businesses, sectors, and geographic areas in order to gain profits, power, and
so on (Ryan, 2007). Ritzer (2007) also espoused the idea that globalization can also be seen as a
flow of “nothing” as opposed to “something,” involving the spread of non-places, non-things,
non-people, and non-services.
On the other hand, heterogeneity pertains to the creation of various cultural practices,
new economies, and political groups because of the interaction of elements from different
societies in the world. Heterogeneity refers to the differences because of either lasting
differences or of the hybrids or combinations of cultures that can be produced through the
different transplanetary processes. Contrary to cultural imperialism, heterogeneity in culture is
associated with hybridization. A more specific concept is “glocalization” coined by Roland
Robertson in 1992. To him, as global forces interct with local factors or a specific geographic
area, the “glocal” is being produced. Economic issues are not exempted from heterogeneity. The
commodification of cultures and “glocal” markets are examples of differentiation happening in
many economies around the world. The same goes with political institutions. Barber (1995) also
provided the alternate of “McWorld”---the “Jihad.” As Ritzer (2008) mentioned, it refers to the
political groups that are engaged in an “intensification of nationalism and that leads to greater
political heterogeneity throughout the world” (p. 576).
Dynamics of Local and Global Culture
Global flows of culture tend to move more easily around the globe than ever before,
especially through non-material digital forms. There are three perspectives on global cultural
flows. These are differentialism, hybridization, and convergence.
Cultural differentialism emphasizes the fact that cultures are essentially different and
are only superficially affected by global flows. The interaction of cultures is deemed to contain
the potential for “catastrophic collision.” Samuel Huntington’s theory on the clash of the
civilizations proposed in 1996 bet exemplifies this approach. According to Huntington, after the
Cold War, political-economic differences were overshadowed by new fault lines, which were
primarily cultural in nature. Increasing interaction among different “civilizations” (such as the
Sinic, Islamic, Orthodox, and Western) would lead to intense clashes, especially the economic
conflict between the Western and Islamic civilizations (Huntington, 2004). This theory has been
critiqued for a number of reasons, especially on its portrayal of Muslims as being “prone to
violence” (Huntington, 1996).
The cultural hybridization approach emphasizes the integration of local and global
cultures (Cvetkovich and kellner, 1997). Globalization is considered to be a creative process
which gives to hybrid entities that are not reducible to either the global or the glocal. A key
concept is “glocalization” or the interprenetation of the global and local resulting in unique
outcomes in different geographic areas (Giulianotti and Robertson, 2007, p. 133). Another key
concept is Arjun Appadurai’s “scapes” in 1996, the global flows involve people, technology,
finance, political images, and media and the disjunctures between them, which lead to the
creation of cultural hybrids.
The cultural convergence approach stresses homogeneity introduced by globalization.
Cultures are deemed to be radically altered by strong flows, while cultural imperialism is John
Tomlinson’s idea of “deterritorialization”of culture. Deterritorialization means that it is much
more difficult to tie culture to a specific geographic point of origin.
The Globalization of Religion
Globalization has played a tremendous role in providing a context for the current revival
and the resurgence of religion. Today, most religions are not relegated to the countries where
they began. Religions have, in fact, spread and scattered on a global scale. Globalization
provided religions a fertile milieu to spread and thrive. As Scholte (2005) made clear:
“Accelerated globalization of recent times has enabled co-religionists across the planet to have
greater direct contact with one another. Global communications, global organizations, global
finance, and the like have allowed ideas of the Muslims and the universal Christian church to be
given concrete shape as never before” (p. 245).
Information technologies, transportation means, and the media are deemed important
means on which religionists rely on the dissemination of their religious ideas. For instance,
countless websites that provide information about religions have been created. This makes pieces
of information and explanations about different religions ready at the disposal of any person
regardless of his or her geographical location. In addition, the Internet allows people to contact
each other worldwide and therefore hold forums and debates that allow religious ideas to spread.
Furthermore, media also play an important role in the dissemination of religious ideas. In
this respect, a lot of television channels, radio stations, and print media, are founded solely for
advocating religions. Modern transportation has also contributed considerably to the emergence,
revivalism, and fortification of religion. In this respect, Turner (2007) cited the case of Islamic
revivalism in Asia which “is related to the improvement in transportation that has allowed many
Muslims to travel to Mecca, and return with reformist ideas” (p. 163).
Process Questions:
1. Are societies in the world becoming more similar (homogenous) or more different
(heterogeneous)?
2. What do you think are the advantages and disadvantages of homogenization of
culture? How about heterogenization?
Origins and History of Globalization
 Hardwired
According to Nayan Chanda (2007), it is because of our basic human need to make our
lives better that made globalization possible. Therefore, one can trace the beginning of
globalization from our ancestors in Africa who walked out from the said continent in the late Ice
Age. This long journey finally led them to all-known continents today, roughly after 50,000
years.
Chanda (2007) mentioned that commerce, religion, politics, and warfare are the “urges”
of people toward a better life. These are respectively connected to four aspects of globalization
and they can be traced all throughout history: trade, missionary work, adventures, and conquest.
 Cycles
 For some, globalization is a long-term cyclical process and thus, finding its origin will be
a daunting task. What is important is the cycles that globalization has gone through (Scholte,
2005). Subscribing to this view will suggest adherence to the idea that other global ages have
appeared. There is also the notion to suspect that this point of globalization will soon disappear
and reappear.
Epoch
Ritzer (2015) cited Therborn’s six great epochs of globalization. These are also called
“waves” and each has its own origin. Today’s globalization is not unique if this is the case. The
difference of this view from the second view (cycles) is that it does not treat epochs as returning.
The following are the sequential occurrence of the epochs:
1. Globalization of religion (fourth to seventh centuries)
2. European colonial conquests (late fifteenth century)
3. Intra-European wars (late eighteenth to early mid-nineteenth centuries)
4. Heyday of European imperialism (mid-nineteenth century to 1918)
5. Post-World War II period
6. Post-Cold War period

 Events
Specific events are also considered as part of the fourth view in explaining the origin of
globalization. If this is the case, then several points can be treated as the start of globalization.
Gibbon (1998), for example, argued that Roman conquests centuries before Christ were its
origin. In an issue of the magazine the Economist (2006, January 12), it considered the rampage
of the armies of Genghis Khan into Eastern Europe in the thirteenth century. Rosenthal (2007)
gave premium to voyages of discovery---Christopher Columbus’s discovery of America in 1942,
Vasco de Gama in Cape of Good Hope in 1948, and Ferdinand Magellan’s completed
circumnavigation of the globe in 1922.

The recent years could also be regarded as the beginnings of globalization with reference
to specific technological advances in transportation and communication. Some examples include
the first transatlantic telephone cable (1956), the first transatlantic television broadcasts (1962),
the founding of the modern internet in 1988, and the terrorist attacks on the Twin Towers in New
York 2001. Certainly, with this view, more and more specific events will characterize not just the
origins of globalization but also more of its history.

Broader, More Recent Changes

Recent changes comprised the fifth view. These broad changes happened in the last half
of the twentieth century. Scholars today point to these three notable changes as the origin of
globalization that we know today. They are as follow:

1. The emergence of the United States as the Global power (post-World War II)
2. The emergence of multinational corporations (MNCs)
3. The demise of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War
 Through its dominant military and economic power after WWII, the United States was
able to outrun Germany and Japan in terms of industry. Both axis powers and allies fall behind
economically as compared to the new global power. Because of this, the United States soon
began to progress in different aspects like in diplomacy, media, film (as in the Hollywood), and
many more.

Before MNCs came into being, their roots were from their countries of origin during the
eighteenth to early nineteenth century. The United States, Germany, and Great Britain had in
their homeland great corporations which the world knows today. For example, Ford and General
Motors originated in the United States but in the twentieth century, they exported more
automobiles and opened factories to other countries.

More recent than the first two would be the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991. This event
led to the opening of the major parts of the world for the first time since the early twentieth
century. Many global processes---immigration, tourism, media, diplomacy, and MNCs---spread
throughout the planet. This paved way for the so-called “free” world. China, even though the
government remains communist, is on its way to becoming a major force in global capitalism
(Fishman, 2006). Moreover, China is also globalizing in terms of terms of other aspects such as
their hosting of the Olympics in 2008.

Global Migration

The nuances of the movements of the people around the world can be seen through the
categories of migrants---“vagabonds” and “tourists” (Bauman, 1998). Vagabonds are on the
move “because they have to be” (Ritzer, 2015, p. 179)---they are not faring well in their home
countries and are forced to move in the hope that their circumstances will improve. Tourists, on
the other hand, are on the move because they want to be and because they can afford it.

Process Questions:

1. What do you think is the effect of the high dependency?

2. Is the heightened flow of people a unique feature of the current global era?
3. Has globalization facilitated or obstructed greater labor migration?

VI. Activity
Module1.Activity 1
Name: __________ Course/Major/Section: __________
Subject Code & Description: __________ Date: __________

The World Made Closer

In this activity, you are to see the actual application of globalization on the different
aspects of daily life such as politics, music, sports, film, celebrity, and disaster.
1. Answer the following questions: (Long bond paper or yellow paper) (10 points)
 a. Enumerate at least three of the most recent songs you have listened. Where did they
originate? Identify the nationality of the writer and/or artist for each music.

b. What gadgets or devices do you usually use to listen to music?

c. Where were these gadgets or devices made? Where is the company based?

d. How did you access these music? Did you purchase them online or listen to them through
YouTube, Spotify, and other music channels?

Module 1.Activity2: Ang Mundo sa Mata ng Isang OFW

Name: __________ Course/Major/Section: __________
Subject Code & Description: __________ Date: __________

Although globalization is an overwhelming concept, it is experienced by people in

number of ways in real terms. For instance, globalization of technology improved modern
transportation and communication. As a result, people become more mobile and are able to reach
different places around the globe. There are various reasons why people leave their country of
origin. Through this activity, you should be able to gain a first-hand knowledge of the
experiences of Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs), people who obviously reached other
countries. Their stories could provide a concrete understanding of how globalization affects
themselves, their families, and the country.

1. Find a former or a current OFW to be interviewed. (15 points)

2. Use the following guide questions (you may add additional questions):
- How long have you stayed abroad?
- What are the purposes for your stay there?
- What were your most unforgettable experiences there? How will describe them, good
or bad?
- How will you compare the Philippines with other countries?
- Do you want to go back abroad or to other countries in the future? Why or why not?
3. In a 2 to 3 paragraph, share your personal insights about your respondent’s experience.
Module1.Activity 3
Name: __________ Course/Major/Section: __________
Subject Code & Description: __________ Date: __________

A. Make your own definition of globalization using a concept map. (5 points)

B. Match column A to column B. Write only the letter of the correct answer.
A B
1. the process of world shrinkage, of distances a. Thomas Larsson
getting shorter, things moving closer. It pertains to the
increasing ease with which somebody on the other
side of the world”
2. globalization is a transplanetary process or a set of b. Ritzer
processes involving increasing liquidity and the growing
multidirectional flows of people, objects, places, and
information as well as the structures they encounter and
create that are barriers to, or expedite, those flows…
 3. globalization is a ‘world of things’ that have ‘different c. Arjun Appadurai
speeds, axes, points of origin and termination, and varied
relationships to institutional structures in different regions,
nations, or societies”
4. Globalization is the debate and the debate is globalization. d. Cisare Poppi
5. The reality and omnipresence of globalization makes us e. Albrow, 1996
see ourselves as part of what we refer to as the “global age”

VII. Reflection
- How does globalization affect me as a student? (Write to three paragraph) (5 points)

VIII. Post Test

Answer the following questions in a short bond paper.
1. The Contemporary World is a study of
a. Conflicts of the present day
b. Current trends about Globalization
c. Temporary changes around the globe
d. The politics, social, culture, and economy worldwide
2. Among the different conceptions about globalization, which pertains to the
southglobal spread and integration of ideas, values, norms, behaviors, and ways of
life of a certain country to another.
a. Globalization in Nationalism
b. Globalization in Influence
c. Globalization in Culture
d. Globalization in Norms
3. Social media has become a ubiquitous part of daily life, but this growth and
evolution has been in the works since the late 70s. From primitive days of
newsgroups, listservs and the introduction of early chat rooms, social media has
changed the way we communicate, gather and share information, and given rise to a
connected global society (Morrison, 2015). This evolution of social media is what
aspect of globalization?
a. Economic
b. Cultural
c. Sociological
d. Political
4. What is false about the difference between standard of life and quality of life in
terms of Globalization?
a. Standard of life is referring to the material things while quality of life is the non-
tangible things a person has achieved in life.
b. Globalization has a different effects on an individual in terms of standard of living
and quality of life.
c. Standard of living is the level of wealth of an individual while quality of life is the
degree which a person enjoys his life.
d. Standard of living pertains to the geographic area of an individual while Quality of
life pertains to the level of the country he is living on
5. The United Nations came into being in 1945, following the devastation of the
Second World War, with one central mission: the maintenance of international peace
and security. The UN does this by working to prevent conflict; helping parties in
conflict make peace; peacekeeping; and creating the conditions to allow peace to hold
and flourish. What aspect of globalization deals with the establishment of UN in order
to maintain international peace and security?
a. Sociological
b. Political
c. Cultural
d. Economic
6. When businesses want to manufacture their products at a cheaper rate, they
employ the services from developing countries which is possible in countries such as
China and Cambodia, where manufacturing costs and wages are lower than highly
developed countries. This business practice is called ____________.
a. Local employment
b. Outsourcing
c. Networking
d. Freelancing
7. Economic globalization is the increasing economic interdependence of national
economies across the world through a rapid increase in cross-border movement of
goods, service, technology, and capital. Some sociologists, like William I. Robinson
has argued that because a capitalist economy is premised on growth and expansion, a
globalized economy is the inevitable result of ________________.
a. Capitalism
b. Socialism
c. Communism
d. Interactionism
 8. With around 20,000 stores in 63 countries, Starbucks, the world's most popular
coffee house has made its mark from Brazil to China, where many thought it would
fail to take off due to the cultural importance of tea drinking. The company has gone
to great lengths to make sure that every Starbucks feels like a local coffee house,
without losing brand consistency. For example, in China, a regional dislike for coffee
was combatted with coffee-free drinks, whilst stores in Asia feature more adaptable
seating arrangements to cater for larger groups. This effort is what attribute of a
global corporation?
a. Understand different cultures
b. Turbo-charged by the internet
c. Carefully chosen international partners
d. Measure success
9. It is the prevailing factor that influence the European nations-states to compete
with their economical level through navigation and finding raw materials.
a. Navigation Policy
b. Colonialism
c. Mercantilism
d. Imperialism
10. The United Nations defines _____ as a condition characterized by severe
deprivation of basic human needs including food, safe drinking water, sanitation
facilities, health, shelter, education and information.
a. Extreme poverty
b. Information loss
c. Human rights violation
d. Mortality rate

IX. Reference
BOOK
Aldama, Prince Kennex Reguyal.The Contemporary World. Rex Book Store, Inc.
INTERNET
https://amauoed.blogspot.com/2020/10/ge6102-contemporary-world.html
(Note: Submission of prelim module will be on September 2)