Expression of Concentration

Discussion Board 1: Expression of Concentration
1. Give at least 5 applications of molality and molarity in pharmacy.

Molality and molarity are expression of concentration utilized in pharmaceutical
calculations and preparations, specifically for solutions that have known measurements (like
grams of solute and molecular weight to determine moles per liter of solution or moles per
kilogram of solvent). Below are the following applications of molality and molarity in
pharmaceutical aspects.
i. Molality is used when there are changes in the temperature because there is no
variation in the mass of solute and solvent; hence, the concentration is expressed
precisely.
ii. Molality is also used to examine the properties of solutions in relation to vapor
pressure.
iii. Molality is expressed to provide concentration to be used for the preparation of
pharmaceutical dispersion.
iv. Molality is one of the factors considered in determining changes in the boiling point of
a liquid. In relation to that, as molality is obtained by the use of the quantity of solute
per kilogram of solvent, through the addition of solvent to a nonvolatile solute, a
higher temperature is required to re-establish equilibrium in the solution resulting in
an increase in its boiling point.
v. Molality is a determinant of a potential decrease in freezing point of liquid as the
concentration of solute is proportional to the decrease in freezing point.
vi. Both molality and molarity are used to express solubility of drugs as parts of solvent
(as described by the United States Pharmacopeia).
vii. Molarity is applicable to dilute aqueous solutions given that the temperature does not
vary.
viii. Molarity is one of the necessary considerations for separating impurities from the
active compound (optimization).
ix. High-molecular-weight impurities in cephalosporin is separated from the preparation
in the basis of molarity; thus, it is important in quality control.
x. The strength of ions and relative "mass" of objects with a constant volume can be
obtained from the sum of molar concentrations.
References
Allen, L. (2017). Ansel's pharmaceutical dosage forms and drug delivery systems (11th ed.).
Lippincott Williams & Wilkins: Philadelphia.
Helmenstine, A. (2018). Molarity Definition in Chemistry. Retrieved October 18, 2021, from
https://www.thoughtco.com/molarity-definition-in-chemistry-606376
Helmenstine, A. (2019). Why is Molality used instead of Molarity?. Retrieved October 18, 2021,
from https://www.thoughtco.com/differences-between-molality-and-molarity-609192
Molality | Introduction to Chemistry. (2021). Retrieved October 18, 2021, from
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/introchem/chapter/molality/
Molality. (2021, July 8). https://chem.libretexts.org/@go/page/53859
Martin, A. N. (2011). States of Matter. In P. Sinko & Y. Singh (Eds.), Martin’s Physical Pharmacy
and Pharmaceutical Sciences (6th ed., pp. 110-111). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
2. Explain why is it important to learn about the different expressions of concentration.

The expressions of concentration allow quantitative determination of relative proportions
of the preparation’s constituents. These are useful in solution or chemical reactions as these
serve as a determinant of the extent to which the molecules collide in solution. Consequently,
potential conditions that are required to maintain equilibrium during chemical reactions can be
determined along with the stability and rate of reactions.
In drug discovery and characterization, various expressions of concentration are necessary

to ensure that the proper potency is administered to the patient who will take the
pharmaceutical preparation. Relatively, any variation in the concentration causes changes in
the phases of the substance; thus, these act as an independent variable in order to define
‘complete system’ as defined by the phase rule.
References
Concentration | Infoplease. (2017). Retrieved October 18, 2021, from
https://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/science/chemistry/concepts/concentration
Concentration of Solutions | Chemistry LibreTexts. (2021, June 19). Retrieved October 18, 2021,
https://chem.libretexts.org/@go/page/21718
Martin, A. N. (2011). Nonelectrolytes. In P. Sinko & Y. Singh (Eds.), Martin’s Physical Pharmacy
and Pharmaceutical Sciences (6th ed., pp. 110-111). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

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Discussion Board 1: Expression of Concentration

1. Give at least 5 applications of molality and molarity in pharmacy.

2. Explain why is it important to learn about the different expressions of concentration.

In drug discovery and characterization, various expressions of concentration are necessary

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