Java

James Gosling, Mike Sheridan, and
Patrick Naughton initiated the Java language project

in June 1991.[23] Java was originally designed for interactive television, but it was too
advanced for the digital cable television industry at the time. [24] The language was initially
called Oak after an oak tree that stood outside Gosling's office. Later the project went by
the name Green and was finally renamed Java, from Java coffee, a type of coffee
from Indonesia.[25] Gosling designed Java with a C/C++-style syntax that system and
application programmers would find familiar.[26]
Sun Microsystems released the first public implementation as Java 1.0 in 1996. [27] It
promised write once, run anywhere (WORA) functionality, providing no-cost run-times on
popular platforms. Fairly secure and featuring configurable security, it allowed network-
and file-access restrictions. Major web browsers soon incorporated the ability to run Java
applets within web pages, and Java quickly became popular. The Java 1.0 compiler was
re-written in Java by Arthur van Hoff to comply strictly with the Java 1.0 language
specification.[28] With the advent of Java 2 (released initially as J2SE 1.2 in December
1998 – 1999), new versions had multiple configurations built for different types of
platforms. J2EE included technologies and APIs for enterprise applications typically run
in server environments, while J2ME featured APIs optimized for mobile applications. The
desktop version was renamed J2SE. In 2006, for marketing purposes, Sun renamed new
J2 versions as Java EE, Java ME, and Java SE, respectively.
In 1997, Sun Microsystems approached the ISO/IEC JTC 1 standards body and later
the Ecma International to formalize Java, but it soon withdrew from the process. [29][30]
[31] Java remains a de facto standard, controlled through the Java Community Process.
[32] At one time, Sun made most of its Java implementations available without charge,
despite their proprietary software status. Sun generated revenue from Java through the
selling of licenses for specialized products such as the Java Enterprise System.
On November 13, 2006, Sun released much of its Java virtual machine (JVM) as free
and open-source software (FOSS), under the terms of the GPL-2.0-only license. On May
8, 2007, Sun finished the process, making all of its JVM's core code available under free
software/open-source distribution terms, aside from a small portion of code to which Sun
did not hold the copyright.[33]
Sun's vice-president Rich Green said that Sun's ideal role with regard to Java was as
an evangelist.[34] Following Oracle Corporation's acquisition of Sun Microsystems in
2009–10, Oracle has described itself as the steward of Java technology with a relentless
commitment to fostering a community of participation and transparency. [35] This did not
prevent Oracle from filing a lawsuit against Google shortly after that for using Java inside
the Android SDK (see the Android section).
On April 2, 2010, James Gosling resigned from Oracle.[36]
In January 2016, Oracle announced that Java run-time environments based on JDK 9 will
discontinue the browser plugin.[37]
Java software runs on everything from laptops to data centers, game consoles to
scientific supercomputers.[38]
Principles[edit]
There were five primary goals in the creation of the Java language: [18]
1. It must be simple, object-oriented, and familiar.

2. It must be robust and secure.
3. It must be architecture-neutral and portable.
4. It must execute with high performance.
5. It must be interpreted, threaded, and dynamic.
Versions[edit]
Main article: Java version history
As of September 2021, Java 8, 11 and 17 are supported as Long-Term Support (LTS)
versions.[39] Major release versions of Java, along with their release dates:
Version Date
JDK Beta 1995
JDK 1.0 January 23, 1996[40]
JDK 1.1 February 19, 1997
J2SE 1.2 December 8, 1998
J2SE 1.3 May 8, 2000
J2SE 1.4 February 6, 2002
J2SE 5.0 September 30, 2004
Java SE 6 December 11, 2006
Java SE 7 July 28, 2011
Java SE 8 (LTS) March 18, 2014
Java SE 9 September 21, 2017
Java SE 10 March 20, 2018
Java SE 11 (LTS) September 25, 2018[41]
Java SE 13 September 17, 2019
Java SE 15 September 15, 2020[42]
Java SE 17 (LTS) September 14, 2021

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James Gosling, Mike Sheridan, and

Patrick Naughton initiated the Java language project

1. It must be simple, object-oriented, and familiar.

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