International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD)

Volume 6 Issue 5, July-August 2022 Available Online: www.ijtsrd.com e-ISSN: 2456 – 6470

Diagrid Systems for Response Spectrum Analysis with

Regular and Irregular Structures using ETABS
MD Musowwir Alam1, Dr. A. K. Jha2, Dr. R. S. Parihar2
1
M. Tech Scholar, 2Professor,
1,2
Department of Civil Engineering, LNCT University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India

ABSTRACT How to cite this paper: MD Musowwir

One of nature's most catastrophic calamities, earthquakes cause Alam | Dr. A. K. Jha | Dr. R. S. Parihar
destruction to structures and fatalities. Due to the requirement for "Diagrid Systems for Response
architecture view in buildings, the abnormalities of a building or an Spectrum Analysis with Regular and
asymmetrical system are frequently discovered during construction. Irregular Structures using ETABS"
Published in
Today, the utilisation of structures and financial constraints
International Journal
necessitate the construction of tall and unconventional structures in of Trend in
metropolitan areas. Therefore, it is crucial to suggest policies to Scientific Research
lessen the harm that an earthquake will cause to these structures. and Development
Given the elevated danger of injury compared to ordinary structures, (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-
strict guidelines for the design and study of unique structures have 6470, Volume-6 | IJTSRD51785
been implemented. Varied structural flaws come in different shapes Issue-5, August
and sizes, but they are primarily grouped into two categories: 2022, pp.1952-1958, URL:
horizontal irregularities and vertical abnormalities. Both www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd51785.pdf
abnormalities are taken into account in the study. With changes in the
strength of the frame in the irregular construction, the current work Copyright © 2022 by author (s) and
International Journal of Trend in
aims to investigate the proportional distribution of lateral forces
Scientific Research and Development
resulting from earthquake action at each floor level. The uncommon Journal. This is an
G + 14 vertical building is modelled as a simplified lump mass model Open Access article
in line with the requirements of the Bureau of Indian Standard (BIS) distributed under the
1893: 2002 (part1) in order to assess the rigidity of the floors. To terms of the Creative Commons
analyse variables such as story base shear, story displacement, and Attribution License (CC BY 4.0)
storey drift under seismic force is. This analysis demonstrates that it (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)
is based on supporting the shear foundation and the building's level
of performance under the harsh zone in India. The outcome confirms
that a weakly constructed building will give stability and draw the
storey shear, according to the conclusion. For modelling and analysis,
CSI-ETABS commercial software and soft computer software are
employed.
KEYWORDS: Drift, Displacement, ETABS, Dynamic Irregularity,
Lump mass

I. INTRODUCTION
This could be a devastating earthquake in the future. monitoring whenever major earthquake events occur.
Where possible, it is necessary to evaluate the So that can save as many lives as possible. There are
effectiveness of disaster management structures in several guidelines around the world that have been
both these new and existing structures. frequently reviewed on this topic. An analysis process
that measures seismic force and your need depending
Earthquakes are the most unexpected and destructive
on the value and cost, the method of structural
of all natural disasters, the most difficult to maintain
analysis varies from line to line. The behavior of a
on engineering and life buildings, against them.
building during an earthquake depends on several
Therefore, in order to overcome these problems we
need to identify the seismic activity of the area factors, durability, sufficient lateral strength, ductility,
flexibility and normal configuration. Buildings with
created by the development of various analytical
normal geometry and evenly distributed size and
processes, which ensures that buildings are able to
durability in plan and height have very little damage
withstand minor earthquakes and produce adequate

@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD51785 | Volume – 6 | Issue – 5 | July-August 2022 Page 1952
 International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
compared to conventional suspensions. But nowadays earthquake zone (III) of India due to combining effect
the need and the need for the next generation and the of Vertical geometrical irregularity, Mass irregularity,
growing number of people have made architects or and Diaphragm irregularity, and also find out the
engineers inevitable in planning unusual designs. most vulnerable building among them.
Earthquake engineering has therefore developed To study the structural performance of multi-
important issues in understanding the role of
storey regular and irregular RC buildings located
architectural planning.
in zone III under seismic loads.
Type of Plan Irregularity To carry out response spectrum analysis of
Torsional Irregularity- A building is torsionally
regular, vertical irregular and horizontal irregular
irregular, where the maximum horizontal
(G+14) RC buildings as per IS 1893:2016 (part-I)
displacement of any floor to the direction of lateral criteria using CSI ETABS Software.
force on the other side of the floor is more than 1.5
times the horizontal displacement at the far end of the To evaluate various seismic responses like Base
floor area. shear, Storey displacement, Storey drift, and
Storey shear of the different irregular buildings
Re-entrant Corners- The configuration of a building
and their comparison.
plan and its system of resistance on the sides consists
of re-entrant angles, where both the projections of the ETABS models of Regular model of rectangular
building beyond the re-entrant angle is more than shape, model with horizontal irregularity and vertical
15% of the size of its plan on the given side. irregularity without diagrid is compared with same
geometrical models with diagrid. Here, the diagrid
Diaphragm Discontinuity- Diaphragms with sudden section are made of steel material. Dynamic Linear
breakdown or stiffness divergence, including those analysis of 6 models are performed and analysed to
with more than 50% cut or open area of the closed obtain seismic results and compared.
diaphragm or solid diaphragm stiffness changes of
more than 50percent from one floor to another. II. LITRATURE REVIEW:
Nawal and kakade (2017), analyzed a diagrid
Out of plane offsets- When the walls of a building or structural system using ETABS.This work looks at a
frames are removed from the plane on any floor and 32-story unequal building 95m from the ground floor,
the height of the building where the height of each floor is 3m. The analysis
Non-parallel systems- - where vertical building method used to analyze is the response spectrum using
systems withstand indirect lateral forces on two main a combination of modal complete quadratic
orthogonal axis in the system. combination (CQC) guides. In this work, the structure
is inserted as a pole and separated by modules as a
diagrid pattern. These modules are distributed evenly
across the total number of issues. Diagrids are
considered pin-ended so that they can withstand the
cut and the moment only in axial action. Therefore,
the design will be limited to determining the size of
the area and the categories of members.
Fig 1.1: Out-of-plane of sets in Vertical Element
(i) Moment Frame building (ii) Moment Frame Maria and Elena(2017) “Secondary bracing
Building with Structural wall systems for diagrid structures in tall buildings”.In
this paper the authors describe the framework for
assessing the issues of '' area '' in the construction of
tall diagrid buildings, and then present a method for
determining the need for a particular secondary
bracing system (SBS) as a diagrid geometry function. .
In addition, the design methods of the second
integration systems are applied and applied to 90 story
building models, characterized by diagrid structures
corresponding to different module lengths and cross-
sectional diagonal sections. The results of the
Figure 1.2 Conventional structure and Diagrid proposed simplified procedures, both to assess the
structure. need for SBS and the subsequent SBS member design,
To understand the Seismic performance of G+14 have been compared with the diagram of the diagram
building with a different irregularities in a moderate structure model, obtained externally and SBS,

@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD51785 | Volume – 6 | Issue – 5 | July-August 2022 Page 1953
 International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
showing both the accuracy of the proposed structure In this study a building with a height of 36 m × 36 m
and the proposed structure. the main importance of the and 168 m height was considered. The height of each
area questions interviewed. In fact, all diagrid models floor is 3.5 m. Diagrid with two equal angles of all
analyzed showed problems related to the stability of lengths is provided as a counter-load resistance
the inner columns (i.e., multi-storey binding modes) system. Analysis of the reaction spectrum was
and / or spatial flexibility (excessive interstory performed using ETABS 2018. The seismic
flooding); the above local problems are completely performance of an unusual geometric vertical structure
solved after the introduction of the SBS in the central provided by diagrids is assessed using diagrid angles.
central area, and, against a moderate increase in The results in terms of major floor displacement,
structural weight (approximately 3%), any dynamic major floor erosion, time and foundation shear are
involvement of the diagrid member is eliminated. compared. The current study consists of modeling and
analysis of the structure of a metal diagrid with a
Irfan and Tengli (2018), Parametric Study on
different angle of diagrid with direct equilibrium in
Asymmetric Diagrid Structures. The contribution of
terms of models with different dimensions of the
the side-by-side load system, case number, type and
lengths of the sides (A> 0.125L) below the
degree of asymmetry should be carefully identified
earthquake.
and calculated in order to better design and avoid
potential damage to buildings. The purpose of this Rahman and Shimpale (2021),Analysis of Effect of
work is to explore different behavior parameters of Structural Irregularity in Multistorey Building
unequal structures by analyzing and modeling under Seismic Loading. Existing work describes
different floor structures using three consecutive different types of reinforced concrete (RC) that have
analysis methods (Spectrum Response Method) using different irregularities but have the same size that are
ETABS Software. In this study the Circular Diagrid analyzed to study their behavior when placed between
structure with the shape of Asymmetric With and seismic lateral loads. All frames are analyzed by the
Without core Shear Walls is modeled and analyzed. same strategy as stated in Is 1893-Part-1: 2002.
All models / buildings are analyzed and compared Finally, it has been interpreted that the basic (normal)
with results such as major floor flooding, floor frame changes less damage while the wrong structure
migration, Storey Shear and conclusions are presented shows greater damage. Testing proves that faulty is
at the end of the paper. not safe in buildings and it is important that you have
normal and simple independent conditions in addition
Kumar and Kumar(2019), Response of Multi-
to distributing the same load within the building.
Storeyed Buildings Having Vertical Irregularities
Complex structures that look like ordinary days, but
using ETABS.The purpose of this study was to
are in danger of being damaged during an earthquake.
analyze common and irregular vertical structures in
Therefore, such structures should be effectively
order to understand the response of abnormal
designed with the proper care of their dynamic
structures using advanced software such as ETABS.
behavior.
Analysis is performed to understand the behavior of
structures by performing Non-Linear Dynamic III. EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM:
(Nonlinear Time-History Analysis) analysis software. The following are the models considered for the
Structural responses are analyzed to identify three analysis, where 3 models are with diagrid and other 3
different defects, namely: i) bulk inconsistencies ii) models without diagrid. Models include vertically
inconsistencies with durability iii) inconsistencies. irregular and horizontally irregular models.
The reaction of the unusually erected buildings with a Model 1: Regular building without diagrid and
typical structure is made taking into account the Base irregularity
shear, Displacement and Story Drift of buildings. Model 2: Building with horizontal irregularity
Non-structural structures in the system will easily
cope with the effects of torsion because their center of Model 3: Building with vertical irregularity
gravity does not correspond to the area of gravity, as Model 4: Regular building with diagrid
torsion will be developed in the structure. When it
comes to buildings that are uneven in height and Model 4: Building with horizontal irregularity and
earthquake zones, understanding the behavior of those diagrid
unusual vertical structures will be difficult. Model 5: Building with vertical irregularity and
Kumar et al, (2020), Seismic Analysis of Vertical diagrid.
Geometric Irregular Diagrid Structures with The basic required data for a building to be modeled
Different Diagonal Angles.This paper presents a in software includes geometrical properties of each
brief study of diagrids in an unusual vertical structure. and every story of the building, material properties of

@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD51785 | Volume – 6 | Issue – 5 | July-August 2022 Page 1954
 International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
the required material to be used in the structure to to remain flexible during the expected strong
obtain the required strength, and section properties of earthquakes and thus allow damage under minor
the structural elements earthquakes. Therefore, seismic design scales reduce
costs and acceptable damage, thereby making the
project more efficient.
A dynamic analysis is required to obtain the design
seismic force and its distribution at different levels
along the height of the building and at different lateral
load-bearing elements for the following buildings:
a) Regular Buildings -Those that are more than 40 m
in height in Zones IV and V and those that are more
than 90 m in height in Zones II and 111.
Fig 3.1: Plan view and 3D view of Regular b) Irregular Buildings – All frame buildings over 12m
building. in height in Zones IV and V and those over 40m in
height in Zones 11 and III.
This method describes a series of forces acting on a
building to represent the effect of an earthquake,
usually defined by a seismic response spectrum. It
thinks the structure responds in its own basic way. For
this to be true, the structure must be low and unstable
as the earth moves. The functionality of this method is
extended to many building codes using features that
affect high-rise buildings with a specific high mode,
as well as low twisting levels. To account for the
results due to the "permission" structure, many codes
use conversion features that reduce design capabilities
(eg power reduction features). An equitable vertical
analysis method is a straight vertical process, in which
the structural response is considered as a linear
expansion method. Analysis performed by IS1893-
2002.
GRAVITY LOADS
Fig 3.2: Extruded view of Regular building Dead load
model Live load
IV. METHODOLOGY: Dead load
The construction of the RC framework can be large if Self-weight of beams, columns
it is designed to behave without causing damage, and Slab load (125 mm thick)
as a result the project may not be economically viable. Wall load
Conversely, a building must be demolished to make
way for an earthquake. Thus, according to the Live load
philosophy of earthquakes, (a) under major The live load of the structure is taken for typical
earthquakes from time to time, structural damage is floors is 3kN/m2 (as per IS: 875 part-2), for terrace
acceptable. Therefore, buildings are philosophically 1.5-2kN/m2
designed, (a) under extreme earthquakes, structural LATERAL LOADS
damage is acceptable, but collapses are unacceptable, Seismic load
and (b) under occasional earthquakes, structural Wind load
damage is limited even if non-structural damage is
unacceptable. Therefore, structures are designed with
only a small fraction of the force if they are designed

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Fig 4.1: Diaphragm of vertical irregular building model till storey 12

V. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Response spectrum analysis gives realistic behaviour in analyzing a structure under seismic load applications.
The following are the results obtained from the ETABS after analyzing the models.

Graph 5.1: Storey levels vs Displacements

@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD51785 | Volume – 6 | Issue – 5 | July-August 2022 Page 1956
 International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470

Graph 5.2: Storey levels vs Drifts

Graph 5.3: Storey levels vs Stiffness

Maximum stiffness is observed in regular model with rectangular shape with value 13005743.2 kN and least
value for model with horizontal irregularity with diagrid with value of 4520476.14 Kn.
VI. CONCLUSION: Maximum storey drift results are also high in
In the present study, seismic parameters such as horizontal irregular model without diagrid.
storey displacement, storey drifts, lateral load to The maximum drifts is within the value of target
stories and static pushover curves for base force v/s drift that is assumed. The behavior of the
monitored displacement plots are obtained. structure is significant to resist the lateral loads.
The target displacement limit has shown no
VII. SCOPE FOR FURTHER STUDY
failure when the structure is subjected to analysis.
To perform various angles of diagrid for regular
In this study more displacements are formed in
structures and irregular structures to find out
horizontal irregular model and least in model of
optimum angle and section.
vertical irregular with diagrid. To perform different models with various
Also it has seen that the maximum stiffness are
irregular i.e., horizontal or vertical models of high
formed in regular building model. The structure
rise buildings and analyse with diagrid at
models analyzed in this state is safe.
effective locations

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 International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
To analyse asymmetric building with irregular [10] Rahman and Shimpale (2021), Analysis of
geometry of plan and or combination of horizontal Effect of Structural Irregularity in Multistorey
and vertical irregularity. Building under Seismic Loading, February
2021 IJSDR | Volume 6 Issue 2
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