Introduction To Embedded System With RISC Vs CISC

INTRODUCTION .
TO
EMBEDDED SYSTEM
What is Embedded system ?
 The word embedded means it is built into
the system. It is a permanent part in a
bigger system
 An embedded system is some
combination of computer hardware and
software, either fixed in capability or
programmable, that is specifically designed
for a particular function
Applications of Embedded System
Vending machine
Applications of Embedded System
Cont…
 Industrial machines, automobiles, medical equipment, cameras,
household appliances, airplanes, vending machines and toys
 Telecommunications systems uses them for telephones, cell phone
network, and wi-fi routers.
 Consumer electronics include MP3 players, mobile phones, video
game consoles, digital cameras, DVD players, GPS receivers, home
security systems, and printers.
 Household appliances, like microwave ovens, washing
machines and dishwashers have embedded systems.
 Transportation uses embedded systems for everything
from locomotives for trains, airplanes and automobiles.
 Industry uses electric motors with electronic controllers, card
readers and CNC machines which automatically make metal parts.
 Medical devices like defibrillators, automated blood
pressure readers, and automated insulin pumps.
 Military devices, like walkie-talkies, satellites and the guiding
systems for missiles.
Embedded Product
Robot
Embedded Products
Remote control Appliances
Embedded product
Speed Control of Stepper Motor
Mostly Using terms
 Input Devices
 Output Devices
 Peripheral
 Interfacing
 Interrupts
Block diagram
Input Devices
 Key and Key board
Input Device
 Sensors : Temperature, Humidity,Pressure,
Moisture sensor,voltage,current,
etc..
o Remote
o ADC
o Joystick
Joystick
Output Devices: LED,7 Segment
Display, LCD
LCD
Differences B/W Microprocessor
and Microcontroller
and Microcontroller
555 timer IC and Internal Circuit
IC Technology
Memory
 One Byte -B = 8 bits
 One Word - W = 16 bits
 Double Word - DW =32 bits
 Quad Word - QW = 64 Bit
 Flip flop is one - bit storage
 One Memory location = 8 bit= one byte.
 16 bit data stored in Two consecutive memory locations
 One KB = 2 ^ 10 =1024 B=1024 memory locations
 One MB = 2 ^ 20 =10,48,576 B= 10,48,576 memory
 locations.
 One GB=2 ^ 30 = ?
and Microcontroller
S NO Microprocessor Microcontroller
1 It is a integration of ALU, It is a integration of ALU, Register and
Register and Control unit. Control unit and in addition it has on
There is no on chip memory, chip memory, timers, ADC etc
timers, ADC etc
2 Since memory and I/O
components are all external, Since components are internal, most
each instruction will need of the operations are internal
external operation, hence it is instruction, hence speed is fast.
relatively slower.
3 It requires more hardware It requires less hardware
4 More flexible in design point Less flexible in design point
and Microcontroller cont…
S NO Microprocessor Microcontroller
5 Less number of bit handing More number of bit handing
instructions instructions
6 Less number of multifunction More number of multifunction Pins
Pins
7 Using in General purpose Using in Special purpose computer
computer
Due to external components,
the entire power Since external components are low,
consumption is high. Hence it total power consumption is less and
is not suitable to used with can be used with devices running on
devices running on stored stored power like batteries.
power like batteries.
RISC & CISC architectures
 The first outstanding characteristic of a RISC processor is
all Instruction Sets are fixed in size (i.e 32bit in ARM). But
in CISC processor like 8051, 8086 their Instruction Sets are 1byte,
2 bytes, 3 bytes, or more.
 CISC processor allowed operation on Registers as well as with
memory. Exaple:- ADD A, &R0 ;
 RISC doesn't allow any kind of operation on memory. It's only
allowed on memory is load and store operation, Everything else is
done in the register.
 CISC requires more addressing modes RISC requires less because,
RISC doesnot allow operations on memory.
 More registers are required for RISC than CISC
 More number of instructions in CISC wen compared to RISC
RISC & CISC architectures cont…
 The RISC has excellent pipelining and CISC has poor
pipeling. A 3 stage pipelining in RISC is better than a 6
stage CISC pipelining.
Difference b/w RISC and CISC
Differences b/w Harvard and Von-
Neumann architectures
Neumann architectures
S Harvard architectures Von-Neumann architectures
NO
1 It is allowing transfers to be The data transfers and instruction
performed simultaneously on fetches must be scheduled - they can
both busses not be performed at the same time.
2 It is possible to have two Von Neumann architectures usually
separate memory systems for have a single unified cache, which
a Harvard architecture. As stores both instructions and data.
long as data and instructions can
be fed in at the same time
3 There is separate pair of address Only one Pair of address and data bus
and data buses for RAM and
ROM
Neumann architectures Cont…
S NO Harvard architectures Von-Neumann architectures
4 In Harvard architecture, the CPU is In Von-Neumann architecture,
connected with both the data there is no separate data and
memory (RAM) and program program memory. Instead, a
memory (ROM), separately. single memory connection is
given to the CPU.
5 It requires more hardware since it In contrast to the Harvard
will be requiring separate data and architecture, this requires less
address bus for each memory. hardware since only a common
memory needs to be reached.
6 This requires more space. Von-Neumann Architecture
requires less space.

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INTRODUCTION .

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