Syllabus 2022-2023

Class: XII
CHEMISTRY (CODE NO. 043)
COURSE STRUCTURE

Total Times: 3 hrs Total Marks: 70

S.No UNIT NAME MARKS

I Solutions 7

II Electrochemistry 9

III Chemical Kinetics 7

IV d -and f -Block Elements 7

V Coordination Compounds 7

VI Haloalkanes and Haloarenes 6

VII Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers 6

VIII Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids 8

IX Amines 6

X Biomolecules 7

TOTAL 70

UNIT-II: SOLUTIONS

Types of solutions, expression of concentration of solutions of solids in liquids,

solubility of gases in liquids, solid solutions, Raoult's law, colligative properties -
relative lowering of vapour pressure, elevation of boiling point, depression of freezing
point, osmotic pressure, determination of molecular masses using colligative
properties, abnormal molecular mass, Van't Hoff factor

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UNIT-III: ELECTROCHEMISTRY

Redox reactions, EMF of a cell, standard electrode potential, Nernst equation and its
application to chemical cells, Relation between Gibbs energy change and EMF of a
cell, conductance in electrolytic solutions, specific and molar conductivity, variations
of conductivity with concentration, Kohlrausch's Law, electrolysis and law of
electrolysis (elementary idea), dry cell-electrolytic cells and Galvanic cells, lead
accumulator, fuel cells, corrosion.

UNIT-IV: CHEMICAL KINETICS

Rate of a reaction (Average and instantaneous), factors affecting rate of reaction:

concentration, temperature, catalyst; order and molecularity of a reaction, rate law and
specific rate constant, integrated rate equations and half-life (only for zero and first
order reactions), concept of collision theory (elementary idea, no mathematical
treatment), activation energy, Arrhenius equation.

UNIT-VIII: d and f BLOCK ELEMENTS

General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence and characteristics of

transition metals, general trends in properties of the first-row transition metals –
metallic character, ionization enthalpy, oxidation states, ionic radii, colour, catalytic
property, magnetic properties, interstitial compounds, alloy formation, preparation and
properties of K2Cr2O7 and KMnO4.

Lanthanoids –

Electronic configuration, oxidation states, chemical reactivity and lanthanoid

contraction and its consequences.

Actinoids - Electronic configuration, oxidation states and comparison with

lanthanoids.

UNIT-IX: COORDINATION COMPOUNDS

Coordination compounds - Introduction, ligands, coordination number, colour,

magnetic properties and shapes, IUPAC nomenclature of mononuclear coordination
compounds. Bonding, Werner's theory, VBT, and CFT; structure and stereoisomerism,
the importance of coordination compounds (in qualitative analysis, extraction of
metals and biological system).

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UNIT-X: HALOALKANES AND HALOARENES.

Haloalkanes: Nomenclature, nature of C–X bond, physical and chemical properties,

optical rotation mechanism of substitution reactions.

Haloarenes: Nature of C–X bond, substitution reactions (Directive influence of

halogen in monosubstituted compounds only). Uses and environmental effects of -
dichloromethane, trichloromethane, tetrachloromethane, iodoform, freons, DDT.

UNIT-XI: ALCOHOLS, PHENOLS AND ETHERS

Alcohols: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties (of

primary alcohols only), identification of primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols,
mechanism of dehydration, uses with special reference to methanol and ethanol.

Phenols: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties,

acidic nature of phenol, electrophilic substitution reactions, uses of phenols.

Ethers: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties,

uses.

UNIT-XII: ALDEHYDES, KETONES AND CARBOXYLIC ACIDS

Aldehydes and Ketones: Nomenclature, nature of carbonyl group, methods of

preparation, physical and chemical properties, mechanism of nucleophilic addition,
reactivity of alpha hydrogen in aldehydes, uses.

Carboxylic Acids: Nomenclature, acidic nature, methods of preparation, physical and

chemical properties; uses.

UNIT-XIII: AMINES

Amines: Nomenclature, classification, structure, methods of preparation, physical and

chemical properties, uses, identification of primary, secondary and tertiary amines.

Diazonium salts: Preparation, chemical reactions and importance in synthetic organic

chemistry.

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UNIT-XIV: BIOMOLECULES

Carbohydrates - Classification (aldoses and ketoses), monosaccharides (glucose and

fructose), D-L configuration oligosaccharides (sucrose, lactose, maltose),
polysaccharides (starch, cellulose, glycogen); Importance of carbohydrates.

Proteins -Elementary idea of - amino acids, peptide bond, polypeptides, proteins,

structure of proteins - primary, secondary, tertiary structure and quaternary structures
(qualitative idea only), denaturation of proteins; enzymes. Hormones - Elementary
idea excluding structure.

Vitamins - Classification and functions.

Nucleic Acids: DNA and RNA.

PRACTICALS

Total Times: 3 hrs Total Marks: 30

Evaluation Scheme for Examination Marks

Volumetric Analysis 08
Salt Analysis 08
Content Based Experiment 06
Project Work 04
Class record and viva 04
TOTAL 30

PRACTICAL SYLLABUS

Micro-chemical methods are available for several of the practical experiments,

wherever possible such techniques should be used.

A. Surface Chemistry

(a) Preparation of one lyophilic and one lyophobic sol

Lyophilic sol - starch, egg albumin and gum

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Lyophobic sol - aluminium hydroxide, ferric hydroxide, arsenous sulphide.

(b) Dialysis of sol-prepared in (a) above.

(c) Study of the role of emulsifying agents in stabilizing the emulsion of different oils.

B. Chemical Kinetics

(a) Effect of concentration and temperature on the rate of reaction between Sodium
Thiosulphate and Hydrochloric acid.

(b) Study of reaction rates of any one of the following:

(i) Reaction of Iodide ion with Hydrogen Peroxide at room temperature using
different concentrations of Iodide ions.

(ii) Reaction between Potassium Iodate, (KIO3) and Sodium Sulphite:

(Na2SO3) using starch solution as an indicator (clock reaction).

C. Thermochemistry

Any one of the following experiments

(a) Enthalpy of dissolution of Copper Sulphate or Potassium Nitrate.

(b) Enthalpy of neutralization of strong acid (HCI) and strong base (NaOH).

(c) Determination of enthaply change during interaction (Hydrogen bond formation)

between Acetone and Chloroform.

D. Electrochemistry

Variation of cell potential in Zn/Zn2+|| Cu2+/Cu with change in concentration of

electrolytes (CuSO4 or ZnSO4) at room temperature.

E. Chromatography

(a) Separation of pigments from extracts of leaves and flowers by paper

chromatography and determination of Rf values.

(b) Separation of constituents present in an inorganic mixture containing two cations

only (constituents having large difference in Rf values to be provided).

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F. Preparation of Inorganic Compounds

Preparation of double salt of Ferrous Ammonium Sulphate or Potash

Alum. Preparation of Potassium Ferric Oxalate.

G. Preparation of Organic Compounds

Preparation of any one of the following compounds

i) Acetanilide ii) Di -benzalAcetone iii) p-Nitroacetanilide iv) Aniline yellow or 2 -

Naphthol Anilinedye.

H. Tests for the functional groups present in organic compounds:

Unsaturation, alcoholic, phenolic, aldehydic, ketonic, carboxylic and amino (Primary)

groups.

I. Characteristic tests of carbohydrates, fats and proteins in pure samples and

their detection in given foodstuffs.

J. Determination of concentration/ molarity of KMnO4 solution by titrating it

against a standard solution of:

(a) Oxalic acid,

(b) Ferrous Ammonium Sulphate

(Students will be required to prepare standard solutions by weighing themselves).

K. Qualitative analysis

Determination of one anion and one cation in a given salt

Cation:

Pb2+, Cu2+, As 3+, Al 3+, Fe3+, Mn2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, Co2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, Mg2+, NH4+

Anions:

(CO3)2- , S2- , NO2- , SO32- , SO42- , NO3-, Cl-, Br- , I- , PO43- , C2O42- ,CH3COO-
(Note: Insoluble salts excluded)

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INVESTIGATORY PROJECT

Scientific investigations involving laboratory testing and collecting information from

other sources A few suggested Projects.

● Study of the presence of oxalate ions in guava fruit at different stages of

ripening.

● Study the quantity of casein present in different samples of milk.

● Preparation of soybean milk and its comparison with natural milk with respect
to curd formation, the effect of temperature, etc.

● Study of the effect of Potassium Bisulphate as a food preservative under various

conditions (temperature, concentration, time, etc.)

● Study of digestion of starch by salivary amylase and effect of pH and

temperature on it.

● Comparative study of the rate of fermentation of the following materials: wheat

flour, gram flour, potato juice, carrot juice, etc.

● Extraction of essential oils present in Saunf (aniseed), Ajwain (carum), Illaichi

(cardamom).

● Study of common food adulterants in fat, oil, butter, sugar, turmeric power,
chilli powder and pepper.

Note: Any other investigatory project, which involves about 10 periods of work, can
be chosen with the approval of the teacher.

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 QUESTION PAPER DESIGN FOR CHEMISTRY CLASS –XII (2022-23)

S.No Domains Marks Weightage %

1 Remembering and Understanding:
Exhibit memory of previously learned material 28 40
by recalling facts, terms, basic concepts and
answers. Demonstrate understanding of facts
and ideas by organizing, comparing, translating,
interpreting, giving descriptions and stating
main ideas.
2 Applying:
21 30
Solve problems to new situations by applying
acquired knowledge, facts, techniques and rules
in a different way
3 Analyzing, Evaluating and Creating:
Examine and break information into parts by
identifying motives or causes. Make inferences
and find evidence to support generalizations.
Present and defend opinions by making 21 30
judgments about information, the validity of
ideas or quality of work based on a set of
criteria. Compile information together in a
different way by combining elements in a new
pattern or proposing alternative solutions.

PRESCRIBED BOOKS

1. Chemistry Part -I, Class-XII, Published by NCERT.

2. Chemistry Part -II, Class-XII, Published by NCERT.

3. Laboratory Manual of Chemistry, Class XI Published by NCERT

4. Other related books and manuals of NCERT including multimedia and online
sources

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