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Design principles of Adaptive Reuse:

A case study of Mandaue


City hall

Cebu Institute of Technology - University

College of Engineering and Architecture


Department of Architecture

ARCH263 - R2
Architectural Design 4 - Space Planning
Submitted by:
Submitted to: Ar. Francisco Epe P.
ABSTRACT

This research seeks to provide importance, potential and concern over


preserving heritage buildings of the past. A number of principles are considered on
the heritage building on whether or not adaptive reuse would be possible on them,
these principles would be further explained in the case study.

The city of Mandaue in cebu, located at the central eastern coastal area, is one
of the most urbanized cities of the region.It is the industrial hub in the region and
hosts about 10,000 industrial and commercial locators, making it the “little rich city”
in the country. Founded in April 7, 1521, the City of Mandaue is now 484 years old..
Including to it’s old age are several historical buildings, among them the Mandaue
City hall, building that serves as the seat of government for the city.

The city hall is in great condition in the present day, well managed and the
focus of subject on this research. The aim of this research is to apply principles of
adaptive re-use to the subject with awareness of which elements to preserve and
which elements are to be updated to cater to modern needs.
TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1: Introduction and Background of the Study

to Design Principles of Adaptive Reuse

Significance of the Study

Statement of the Problem

Conceptual Framework

Instructional Materials and Equipment

Scope and Delimitation

Definition of Terms

CHAPTER 2: Review of related Literature and Studies

CHAPTER 3: Methodology

CHAPTER 4: Presentation, Analysis, and Interpretation of Data

CHAPTER 5: Summary of Findings

REFERENCES
CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND STUDY

INTRODUCTION

The Portuguese navigator and explorer Ferdinand Magellan headed the first
Spanish foray to the Philippines when he made landfall on Cebu.Friars marched with
soldiers and soon accomplished the nominal conversion to Roman Catholicism of all
the local people under Spanish administration.Spanish rule for the first 100 years was
exercised in most areas through a type of tax farming imported from the
Americas.Not only in religion were the Spanish’s influence spread but down to the
kind of living,culture, mindset and even in architecture.

The history and culture of the Philippines are reflected in its architectural
heritage, in the dwellings of its various peoples, in churches and mosques, and in the
buildings that have risen in response to the demands of progress and the aspirations of
the people.Architecture in the Philippines today is the result of a natural growth
enriched with the absorption of varied influences. It developed from the pre-colonial
influences of our neighboring Malay brothers, continuing on to the Spanish colonial
period, the American Commonwealth period, and the modern contemporary times. As
a result, the Philippines has become an architectural melting pot– uniquely Filipino
with a tinge of the occidental.

The revival period, popular at the turn of the century, became the foremost
architectural parlance of the era as seen in such buildings as the Government Post
Office Building as well as the Legislative House.

Among those government buildings during the revival is the Mandaue City
hall. A neo-grec style building that serves as the seat of government for the city.The
building found in the heart of the city was first used as the office of Mandaue's El
Presidente or mayor since the Commonwealth Era. This research examines the
intersection between material transformation, scientific intervention and cultural
value.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY


The research would be a reference for future researchers of Adaptive
reuse.Why it matters for consideration of the process of a historical site becoming a
functional one opening the opportunity for new uses and benefits. This allows for
innovation when considering making old buildings more efficient and sustainable.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The historic sites undergoes cycles of material deterioration, and these


processes have a powerful impact on the meanings and values associated with it, these
research tackles on how to counter it through the definition and help of Adaptive
Reuse on our own historical sites.
INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT

The materials used in this research are and includes news articles,
ebooks, pdf, research articles, and our own notes from Arch. Epe.

SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

The scope of this study incorporates various advantages and disadvantages of


Adaptive reuse in terms of business, project, planner/s, environment and society. And
the history of Mandaue City hall.

Data involving on site visit was not possible due to pandemic restrictions.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Neo - gec style - a Neoclassical Revival style of the mid-to-late 19th century,based
on the standard repertory of Greco-Roman ornament, combining motifs drawn from
Greek vase-painting and repetitive architectural motifs like anthemions, palmettes.
The style was eclectic, abstracted, polychromatic, and sometimes bizarre. Its
treatment was intentionally dry and linear. Its vignettes and repeating patterns lent
themselves to stencilling.

Deterioration - the process of becoming progressively worse.

Historical site - is any area which has played a significant role in the history of a
country, Such significance may be historical, cultural, archaeological, sociological,
and scientific.

Pillage - term for looting done by armies


CHAPTER 2: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND
STUDIES

Ten benefits of Adaptive Reuse

10. Sustainable
They say the greenest building is one that already exists. Adaptive reuse is
itself considered sustainable because of the reduction in building materials needed to
transform a space.

9. Economic sustainability
Finding new uses for old buildings significantly reduces the energy
consumption associated with demolishing a structure and building a new one to
replace it.

8. Environmental sustainability
Potential cost benefits from adaptive reuse include the reduction of the hurdles
generally associated with greenfield sites, like legal issues, pressure from anti-
development factions, zoning problems, finance, design and construction costs and
environmental impacts.

7. Spaces can be useful for fledgling businesses


The adaptive reuse of existing buildings in general can be 16 percent less
costly than other forms of construction. Many of these spaces also become ideal
settings for start-up businesses because cost efficient shell space can be made
available at a lower leasing rate than the market for new construction.

6. Hidden density
Areas largely developed before 1950 tend to feature building stock that is
designed to be smaller, denser, and mixed-use around narrow streets that
accommodate pedestrians over automobiles. This clustering of complementing uses
within a compact setting is a key ingredient of vibrancy in cities of all sizes.
5. Saves time, faster than brand new construction
There is an old adage that says time is money. A huge economic advantage for
private developers and cities attempting to revitalize their aging urban cores is that a
renovated existing building becomes suitable for occupancy sooner rather than later.

4. Cost savings on demolition


Typically an overlooked expense, demolition costs can run as high as five to
ten percent of the total cost of new construction.

3. Preservation of local identity sense of place


Older buildings not only add and establish the character and scale of our local
built environments, they also are a direct physical link to our past, cultural heritage
and identity.
2. Takes advantage of urban revitalization trends
Across the country there is great interest in authentic experiences associated
with living and working in unique cities with a special sense of place. A magnet for
attracting educated young professionals, adaptive reuse of existing buildings is a
major characteristic of cities where urban revitalization has been a success.

1. Decrease public and social costs


Adaptive reuse of vacant structures and landmarks in neighborhoods designed
for twice as many people as live there today offers the opportunity to create new
affordable housing, start-up businesses and home ownership.

Cons of Adaptive Reuse


1. Physical restrictions
When adaptively reusing an existing structure, there are many physical restrictions
that challenge effectively retrofitting the built with the new intended use. Structural
elements like columns, beams, floor layouts, and structural grids often pose a problem
to re-using the structure for various uses.

2. Economic considerations
There are potentially high costs of adapting the change of use, and updating the
infrastructure, and modernizing and refurbishing the electrical systems and other
services.

3. Deliberation of social impacts


Existing buildings usually have intangible aspects and attached sentiments in
the social sphere. Each structure has a notional value to the context and past users and
people. When conserving or adaptively reusing, the designer or architect must
consider these complex perspectives of history and value.

4. Material incompatibility
While adapting or conserving an existing structure, there may be
inconsistencies and difficulties in finding suitable and compatible materials. This may
even extend to the non-availability of these materials or finding skilled workers to
achieve this compatibility and unity.

5. Inaccuracy of Information
As structures that are usually reused or conserved, one of the many issues
becomes about the inaccuracy of information available to the designer or architect.
Incomplete or missing drawings further add to their woes. There is often a lack of
accurate information and inconsistencies in materials usage in heritage buildings.

6. Maintenance issues
There may be a lot of issues faced during the maintenance of the structure,
since there may have to be frequent repair due to physical deterioration and defects.
There may also be high re-mediation costs and construction delays caused by
contamination by hazardous materials, or precarious structural systems and elements.
The projects may also be lengthy leading to reduced profits.
7. Creative value
The creative value of demolition and building anew often supersedes the value
of adapting and conserving – due to the demand for adaptation of newer trends in
construction and current styles of building.

Yet, even though there may be many cons of adaptive reuse and conservation, the
advantages outweigh them tremendously. The overall economic and environmental
impacts are considerably larger than the shortcomings of such processes.

Threats to Historical sites

Enforced Neglect

Owner or staff may not be able to access the building, museum, site due to
conflict and environmental disaster, for example.

Lack of Military Awareness

Rampant in war struck zones, warfare has done considerable amount of


damage and destruction on important heritage sites due to the armed forces being
unaware of its importance and age.

Development

Destruction of Historical sites to build new houses or increase size of fields for
golf,
Parks, malls or any other development over the course of the modernizing time. Such
As old houses, subdivisions, around the old districts of Cebu city has been sold by
Private owners to corporate or private realtors, resulting in smaller condominiums and
apartments erected over old houses and plots of land.

Lack of Planning

It is essential for the heritage sector to try to ensure that cultural property
protection is fully integrated and embedded into planning by both politicians and the
armed forces - and that resources and responsibilities are allocated to it.

Specific or Deliberate Targeting and Damage

A site may be targeted by groups in an attack, not necessarily directly but


more of being within the targeted area, such as how ISIS planned to hide their arms
within Mosques to avoid air strikes by the U.S.
Looting and Pillage
Scenarios like victorious armies removing the cultural property of the enemy
they have just defeated as the ‘spoils of war’. So much so as what the Nazi’s did on
‘confiscating’ valuable pieces of art that belong to France, Poland and other regions
they had conquered.

Adaptive Reuse and Restoration

Adaptive reuse refers to the process of reusing an existing building for a


purpose other than which it was originally built or designed for. Adaptive reuse is an
effective strategy in optimizing the operational and commercial performance of built
assets. Adaptive reuse of buildings can be attractive alternative to new construction in
terms of sustainability and circular economy. Not every old building can qualify for
adaptive reuse. Architects, developers, builders and entrepreneurs who wish to
become involved in rejuvenating and reconstructing a building must first make sure
that the finished product will serve the need of the market that it will be completely
useful for its new purpose, and it will be competitively priced.

Types of Adaptive Reuse

Reconstruction - the rebuilding of a faithful cop of a structure based on the original


period plans under strict supervision.

Remodeling - a drastic renovation without regard to its original state, authentic whole
and the past.

Renovation - the adaptation and possible beautification of a structure to make it


useful ad serve modern needs.

Restoration - the methodological and controlled repair and strengthening of a


structure to have it as close to its original form and to prevent further decay and
deterioration.

Conservation - a multidisciplinary means of safeguarding the country’s hisotoco-


cultural heritage to suitably adapt it to needs of the society.

Preservation - the cleaning and maintaining of a structure to extend it’s lifespan.


CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY

RESEARCH DESIGN

The researcher used the descriptive method of research wherein it


describes, explains and elaborates functionality and effectiveness of
Adaptive reuse and causes of threat for Historical sites.
CHAPTER 4: THEORETICAL BACKGROUND

The chapter deals on how the researchers apply the principles and the theories
collected from the related literature and studies to address the matters of concern to
the proposed study.

Analyzing Adaptive Reuse


The building is the physical embodiment of a number of necessarily related,
coordinated and integrated systems that allow unimpeded human activity irrespective
of the conditions of the natural environment…
CHAPTER 5; SUMMARY OF FINDINGS

The research study concludes that the Mandaue City hall is suitable for to be
applied with Adaptive Reuse and Restoration process to meet the modern needs of
what it would be with another function.

The building is located within and at the heart of the city. It’s presence has
become a familiar icon in the eyes of it’s locals and it’s function as a government
office. It does not have any noticeable signs of neglect, nor decay aside from new and
modern areas in the interior. The goal of the study is to maintain the building’s
cultural value and history that reside among the locals. By reviving this, it will give a
positive impact not just to the locals but to the visitors alike as well. The impact
precedes people, it also impacts the environment and construction debris.

PROPOSED CHANGES

Listed below are the considerations that the researchers take into account in planning
to make the reused and restored building as a Fine arts center:

Amount of Students per department - Music and Art departments should count the
amount of students and especially their level of expertise they could handle since
different studios and classrooms are present to accommodate the beginners from
advanced.

Studio for each different areas of music and arts - since music has a process of
repetition and occasional noise, the departments should have considerable space
between each other for comfortable and smooth learning.
Storage for materials - such as the Art department. Storage not only for materials to be
used but also for easels, canvasses, half finished projects and so on that students can’t
or chooses not to take at home.
Rehearsal room - Music students should have presentations of their progress in their
lessons every now and then.
REFERENCES

https://www.mandauecity.gov.ph/about
https://www.dummies.com/education/architecture/architecture-for-dummies-cheat-
sheet/
https://www.moderncities.com/article/2019-jul-ten-benefits-of-adaptive-reuse
https://www.re-thinkingthefuture.com/fresh-perspectives/a1258-the-cons-of-
conservation-and-adaptive-re-use/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture_of_the_Philippines
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandaue_Presidencia
https://ncca.gov.ph/about-ncca-3/subcommissions/subcommission-on-the-arts-sca/
architecture-and-allied-arts-2/history-of-philippine-architecture/
https://espace.library.uq.edu.au/data/UQ_327977/Karlstrom.pdf?
Expires=1622817075&Key-Pair-
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~fkS~VGkzrQWbhsx3nHW5yorh6402caoTWxlfVGql7Ga~0hjdD7FncmjklmdEKtH
qgam3ma50oSpLuBsXOM1tvT-
u7O1MkqDB4Psd~6HORN4tu6GWbU0wvFWknqMWjfpobXtu6Yc5vPaPy80ImwD
zoU4X2imFsj7Stv57n3SqXKvAq~ysZhKlo7BkK2qBuHHTWQUrfpK11w7FJUeyup
KyIgu5jj9jeSj27P7XE1hSCIa4lP~7pRcRvTX7qgh5~~TRg__
https://theblueshield.org/why-we-do-it/threats-to-heritage/#group

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