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    Acids and Bases..

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    rachel
    The document defines acids as substances that release H+ ions in water, and bases as substances that react with acids to form salts and water. Acids have properties like a sour taste and turning litmus red, while bases have a bitter taste, soapy feel, and turn litmus blue. The strength of an acid or base refers to the extent to which it dissociates in water, with strong acids and bases dissociating completely. The pH scale measures the concentration of H+ ions in a solution.

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    Acids and Bases..

    Uploaded by

    rachel
    35 views5 pages
    The document defines acids as substances that release H+ ions in water, and bases as substances that react with acids to form salts and water. Acids have properties like a sour taste and turning litmus red, while bases have a bitter taste, soapy feel, and turn litmus blue. The strength of an acid or base refers to the extent to which it dissociates in water, with strong acids and bases dissociating completely. The pH scale measures the concentration of H+ ions in a solution.

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    chem

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    Acids_and_Bases..^^

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    The document defines acids as substances that release H+ ions in water, and bases as substances that react with acids to form salts and water. Acids have properties like a sour taste and turning litmus red, while bases have a bitter taste, soapy feel, and turn litmus blue. The strength of an acid or base refers to the extent to which it dissociates in water, with strong acids and bases dissociating completely. The pH scale measures the concentration of H+ ions in a solution.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    35 views5 pages

    Acids and Bases..

    Uploaded by

    rachel
    The document defines acids as substances that release H+ ions in water, and bases as substances that react with acids to form salts and water. Acids have properties like a sour taste and turning litmus red, while bases have a bitter taste, soapy feel, and turn litmus blue. The strength of an acid or base refers to the extent to which it dissociates in water, with strong acids and bases dissociating completely. The pH scale measures the concentration of H+ ions in a solution.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 5

    Acids and Bases

    Model Answers

    Summary for Acids and Bases


    Properties of Acids:
    definition of acids: an acid is a substance that releases H+ ions when dissolved in water

    1. Acids have a sour taste

    2. Acids turn blue litmus paper red

    3. Acids react with bases to form salt and water only.

    4. Acids react with metal to form salt and hydrogen

    5. acids react with carbonates to form salt, water and carbon dioxide gas

    6. Strong acids are strong electrolytes. They dissolve in water to form solutions that
    can conduct electricity due to the presence of mobile ions that act as charge
    carriers.

    Properties of Bases:
    definition: A base is a substance that reacts with acids to form salt and water only.

    Note: All metal hydroxides can act as bases. Soluble bases are also called alkalis.
    "moist" is needed to test for gases!

    1. Alkalis have a bitter taste and soapy feel.

    2. Alkalis turn red litmus paper blue.

    3. Alkalis/bases react with acids to form a salt and water only.

    4. Heating an alkali with ammonium salts to produce ammonia gas. (alkali +


    ammonium salt -> salt +water + ammonia) e.g. NaOH + NH4Cl → NaCl + H2O +
    NH3

    Acids and Bases 1


    5. Strong alkalis are strong electrolytes. They can dissolve in water to form solutions
    that conduct electricity due to presence of mobile ions that act as charge carriers.

    Strength of acids and alkalis:


    The strength of an acid or alkali refers to the extent of dissociation when dissolved in
    water.
    A strong acid is defined as an acid that dissociates completely to form H+ ions when
    dissolved in water. e.g. HNO3 (aq) → H+(aq) +NO3-(aq)
    A weak acid is defined as an acid that dissociates partially to form H+ ions when
    dissolved in water. e.g. CH3COOH →← H+(aq) +CH3COO- (aq)

    same volume, same concentration, same basicity

    Concentration of acids and alkalis


    Conc. refers to the amount of substance (solute) dissolved in a fixed vol. of solution

    Basicity of acids
    Acids are classified as monobasic, dibasic or tribasic depending on the number of H
    atoms in a molecule that is able to form H+ ions when it dissociates in water.

    pH Scale
    The pH of a solution measures the concentration of H+ ions in the solution.

    Indicators
    insert pH table

    1. screened methyl orange (red in acid, green in alkali and grey at end point)

    2. thymol blue (red in acid, blue in alkali and yellow at end point)

    Universal indicator is a mixture of indicators that have been selected to produce a


    different colour at different pH.
    There always is H+ and OH- ions even in pH7 (neutral). Water dissociates! But they are
    equal.
    Remember: Rainbow!

    Acids and Bases 2


    Oxides
    Amphoteric: ZAP —> Zinc, Aluminium, Lead(Pb)

    Acids and Bases 3


    catalytic converters:

    oxides of nitrogen

    carbon monoxide

    unburnt hydrocarbons

    Oxides of nitrogen → reduced to nitrogen

    Acids and Bases 4


    carbon monoxide reduced to carbon dioxide

    unburnt hydrocarbons oxidised to carbon dioxide and water

    flue gas desulfurisation:

    → removes sulfur dioxide

    1. reacts with aq suspension of calcium carbonate → calcium sulfite & CO2

    2. calcium sulfite further oxidised by O2 —> calcium sulfate

    Acids and Bases 5

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