Toxicology Course Outline - Completed

TOXICOLOGY (CPM401)
i. Basics
Name of Course: Toxicology,
Course Code: CPM401,
Contact Hours: 50 hours
Name of the lecturer: Dr D Tagwireyi
ii. Purpose of the course

 This course is offered to provide a basic and foundational understanding of applied clinical
toxicology
 The course is part of the Clinical Pharmacy course for final year pharmacy students
 The course has been designed for Pharmacy, Medical and other Health Care Profession
students
 On completion of the course students will have a fair understanding of clinical toxicology
for use in the work environment when consulted on toxicological issues
iii. Aims
 To provide an understanding of the epidemiology of common poisonings and how to

assess and manage patients poisoned by common toxins.
 To complement knowledge and skills gained in pharmacology and clinical pharmacology
courses
iv. Objectives [Intended Learning Outcomes] (ILOs)
At the end of the course of lectures the students will be able to:
 Describe the epidemiology of common poisonings in Zimbabwe

 Recognise methods of preventing poisonings
 Explain the general measures to take in assessing and managing a poisoned
patient
 Explain risk and hazard assessment of toxins
v. Course Content (and Content Time frames)
The course shall be divided into five main parts, namely;
Part I: Principles of Toxicology (6 Hours)
 Introduction and History of Toxicology

 Basic Principles in Toxicology
o Cause and Effect Relationships
1
o Routes of Toxicological Exposures
o Types of Toxicology
o Definitions in Toxicology
o Experimental Studies in Toxicology
Part II: Introduction to Clinical Toxicology (10 Hours)
 Epidemiology of Poisoning in Zimbabwe and Elsewhere

 Types of Toxicological Exposures
 Basic First Aid Principles in Poisoning
 Methods of Gastrointestinal Decontamination
o Gastric Lavage
o Activated Charcoal
o Ipecac Induced Emesis
o Other
 Methods of Elimination of Poisons
o Peritoneal Dialysis
o Haemodialysis
o Alkaline Diuresis
o Acid Diuresis
o Other
 Antidotes
 Ancillary Services in Poisoning Management
o Poison Centres
o Laboratory Support
o Other
Part III: Clinical Toxinology (10)
 Snakebite
 Scorpion Sting
 Spider Bite
 Poisonous Mushrooms
 Poisonous Plants
 Poisonous Insects
 Other
Part IV: Clinical Toxicology of Specific Medicines and Chemicals (20)
 Pesticides
2
o Organophosphates and Carbamates
o Organochlorines
o Other Pesticide Groups
 Household and Other Chemicals
o Paraffin and other Hydrocarbons
o Acids
o Alkali
o Household Detergents
o Brake Fluid
o Mothballs
o Other
 Medicines
o Chloroquine and Other Antimalarials
o Paracetamol
o Aspirin and Other Salicylates
o Benzodiazepines
o Barbiturates
o Opiods
o Tricyclic and Other Antidepressants
o Other
Part V: Special Topics In Toxicology (6 Hours)
 Heavy Metal Exposure

 Environmental Hazards
 Toxicological Risk Assessments
vi. Methods/Strategies of Teaching
 A variety of teaching methods are used in teaching this course and these include:
o Lectures
o Seminar Presentations By Students
o Case Studies
o Role Plays
o Practical Demonstrations or Simulations
vii. Student Assessment
 Students will be assessed through both continuous assessment and written examinations
 Continuous Assessment shall contribute 25% to the total marks of this course and shall consist of
3
o Two End of Semester Tests
o Two Assignments in Each Semester
 This course shall be examined at the end of two semesters in a paper CPM401 and shall
contribute 60% of the total marks for that paper.
viii. Selected Resources (references)
 Clinical Toxicology Journal

 Selected Articles on Poisoning in Zimbabwe
o Tagwireyi D, Ball DE, Nhachi CFB (2006). Toxicoepidemiology in Zimbabwe: Pesticide
Poisoning Admissions to Major Hospitals. Clinical Toxicology 44 (1): 59 - 66.
o Tagwireyi D, Ball DE, Nhachi CFB (2006). Toxicoepidemiology in Zimbabwe: Admissions
Resulting from Exposure to Paraffin (Kerosene). Clinical Toxicology 44 (2): 103 - 107.
o Tagwireyi D, Ball DE, Nhachi CFB (2006). Differences and Similarities in Poisoning
Admissions Between Urban and Rural Health Centres in Zimbabwe. Clinical Toxicology
44 (3): 233 - 242.
o Tagwireyi D, Ball DE (2011). Hospital Admissions Due to Scorpion Sting in Zimbabwe.
Journal of Applied Sciences in Southern Africa. 17 (ii): 1 – 9.
o Tagwireyi D, Ball DE, Nhachi CFB (2011). Snakebite Admissions in Zimbabwe : Pattern,
Clinical Presentation and Management. The Central African Journal of Medicine 57 (5/8):
17 – 22.

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TOXICOLOGY (CPM401)

ii. Purpose of the course

 To provide an understanding of the epidemiology of common poisonings and how to

iv. Objectives [Intended Learning Outcomes] (ILOs)

 Describe the epidemiology of common poisonings in Zimbabwe

v. Course Content (and Content Time frames)

The course shall be divided into five main parts, namely;

Part I: Principles of Toxicology (6 Hours)

 Introduction and History of Toxicology

Part II: Introduction to Clinical Toxicology (10 Hours)

 Epidemiology of Poisoning in Zimbabwe and Elsewhere

Part III: Clinical Toxinology (10)

Part IV: Clinical Toxicology of Specific Medicines and Chemicals (20)

Part V: Special Topics In Toxicology (6 Hours)

 Heavy Metal Exposure

vi. Methods/Strategies of Teaching

vii. Student Assessment

viii. Selected Resources (references)

 Clinical Toxicology Journal

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