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    Static and Dynamic Moduli of Elasticity & GROUTING

    Uploaded by

    Marion Lacre Macalalad
    There are two main types of modulus of elasticity: static and dynamic. Static modulus is directly measured during deformation experiments, while dynamic modulus is calculated from elastic wave velocity and density under vibratory conditions. Static modulus is important for wellbore stability, while dynamic modulus is key for road design. The main difference is that static modulus values are around 10-2, whereas dynamic modulus values are around 10-7. Grouting involves injecting materials like cement under pressure to fill voids and fractures in soils, rocks, or concrete structures. It is used to strengthen weak formations, control groundwater flow, and seal faults. The type of grout used depends on the application and materials involved.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Static and Dynamic Moduli of Elasticity & GROUTING

    Uploaded by

    Marion Lacre Macalalad
    128 views3 pages
    There are two main types of modulus of elasticity: static and dynamic. Static modulus is directly measured during deformation experiments, while dynamic modulus is calculated from elastic wave velocity and density under vibratory conditions. Static modulus is important for wellbore stability, while dynamic modulus is key for road design. The main difference is that static modulus values are around 10-2, whereas dynamic modulus values are around 10-7. Grouting involves injecting materials like cement under pressure to fill voids and fractures in soils, rocks, or concrete structures. It is used to strengthen weak formations, control groundwater flow, and seal faults. The type of grout used depends on the application and materials involved.

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    There are two main types of modulus of elasticity: static and dynamic. Static modulus is directly measured during deformation experiments, while dynamic modulus is calculated from elastic wave velocity and density under vibratory conditions. Static modulus is important for wellbore stability, while dynamic modulus is key for road design. The main difference is that static modulus values are around 10-2, whereas dynamic modulus values are around 10-7. Grouting involves injecting materials like cement under pressure to fill voids and fractures in soils, rocks, or concrete structures. It is used to strengthen weak formations, control groundwater flow, and seal faults. The type of grout used depends on the application and materials involved.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    128 views3 pages

    Static and Dynamic Moduli of Elasticity & GROUTING

    Uploaded by

    Marion Lacre Macalalad
    There are two main types of modulus of elasticity: static and dynamic. Static modulus is directly measured during deformation experiments, while dynamic modulus is calculated from elastic wave velocity and density under vibratory conditions. Static modulus is important for wellbore stability, while dynamic modulus is key for road design. The main difference is that static modulus values are around 10-2, whereas dynamic modulus values are around 10-7. Grouting involves injecting materials like cement under pressure to fill voids and fractures in soils, rocks, or concrete structures. It is used to strengthen weak formations, control groundwater flow, and seal faults. The type of grout used depends on the application and materials involved.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    Static and Dynamic Moduli of Elasticity

    What is Modulus of Elasticity


     Is a measure of the Stress-Strain relationship.
     The ratio between Stress and Strain

    3 Types of Moduli of Elasticity


    1. Young's modulus.
    2. Shear modulus.
    3. Bulk modulus

    Young's modulus.
     If stress and strain are tensile/compressive then the ratio is called Young's modulus of
    elasticity(Denoted as ‘E’)
     The Stiffness of a Material
     Measure of the ability to withstand changes in length

    2 TYPES OF Young’s Modulus


    1. Static of Moduli of Elasticity
    2. Dynamic Moduli of Elasticity

    Static of Moduli
     The static moduli are those directly measured in a deformational experiment.
     Often Use in Wellbore Stability

    Dynamic Moduli
     The ration of STRESS and STRAIN under vibratory conditios.
     Important Structure Parameters in Road Design

    Difference of Static and Dynamic Moduli

    Static Moduli
     Directly measured in a deformational experiment.
    (10^-2)

    Dynamic Moduli
     Calculated from elastic wave velocity and density.
    (10^-7)

    Shear modulus
     is the ratio of shearing stress to the corresponding shearing strain.
     Another name for shear stress is the Modulus of Rigidity.

    Bulk modulus
     is the ratio of hydraulic stress to the corresponding hydraulic strain.
     Defines as volumetric stress over volumetric strain and is the inverse of crompressibility
    Grouting
    What is Grouting
     Grouting in civil engineering refers to the injection of pumpable materials into a soil or rock
    formation to change its physical characteristics. It is one of the ways ground water can be
    controlled during civil engineering works.
     Grouting is a process of strengthening weak rocks and unconsolidated soil of a project site
     Grouting plays an important role in arresting the leakage of water through fractured rocks or
    porous materials of a dam foundation or reservoir basin.
     In a dam foundation, curtain grouting, consolidation grouting, and blanket grouting are generally
    taken up to strengthen weak rocks and to contain leakage.

    Purpose of Grouting
     The purpose of grouting can be either to strengthen a formation or to reduce water flow
    through it. It is also used to correct faults in concrete and masonry structures.

    Types of Materials are Used for Grouting:


     CEMENT GROUTING
     CHEMICAL GROUTING
     BENTONITE GROUTING
     RESIN GROUTING
     BITUMINOUS GROUTING.

    CEMENT GROUTING
     the injection under pressure of cement or grout to fill voids or fractures in the soil, rock unit or
    concrete structure. Cement Grouting is a process by which cement is injected under pressure to
    fill fractures and voids in concrete structures.
    CHEMICAL GROUTING
     transforms granular soils into sandstone like masses by filling the voids with a low viscosity, non
    particulate grout. The chemical grout is injected under pressure through the ports. The grout
    permeates the soil hardens, creating a sandstone- like mass.
    BENTONITE GROUTING
     is specially formulated sodium bentonite. It can be used for drilled hole abandonment, water
    well grout, sealing monitoring well casing or as a geothermal grout.
    RESIN GROUTING
     Traditional grout is made from a cement based mix. It’s not waterproof and actually absorbs
    water when it becomes wet. It also absorbs stains easily as anyone who has scrubbed grout will
    attest to.
    BITUMINOUS GROUTING
     Hot Bitumen Grouting is a special type of grouting where melted bitumen is injected into
    medium, saturated with water, it cools quickly at the interface, and turns from its fluid state to a
    highly viscous, tenaciously sticky, elastoplastic state.

    CHARACTERISTICS OF GROUTING
     High final strengths
     Substrate preparation
     No segment or bleeding
     Shrinkage Compensated
     Able Adjustable fixture

    TYPES OF GROUTING
    UNSANDED/ NON SANDED GROUT
    - This is used for wall tiles where the grout joint is less than 1/8”.
    FINELY SANDED GROUT
    -This is used for floor tiles where the joints are 1/8” to 3/8” wide
    QUARRY – TYPE GROUT
    - This is the same as finely sanded grout for ceramic tiles except that coarser grade of sand is used.The
    quarry type grout is used for joints that are 3/8” wide to 1/2” wide such as those used with Saltillo
    tiles.
    EPOXY GROUT
    - This consists of an epoxy resin and hardener. Epoxy grout for ceramic tile is highly resistant to stains
    and chemicals and has a tremendous bonding strength. It is ideal for countertops and other areas
    susceptible to stains.

    MODES OF Grouting
     Permeation or Penetration
    - Grout flows into a soil voids freely with a minimal effect.
     Compaction or controlled displacement
    - Grout remains more or less intact as a mass and exerts pressure on soil.
     Hydraulic fracturing or uncontrolled displacement
    - Grout rapidly penetrate fracture zone, created the grout pressure is greater than tensil
    strength of soil or rock.

    Why Grouting is important to Civil Engineering


     It is one of the ways ground water can be controlled during civil engineering works. Grouting is
    suitable where soil permeability would create a heavy demand on pumping or where ground
    conditions mean it may be economically inefficient to bore wells.

    IMPORTANCE OF GROUTING
     Fixing ground anchors for street pile walls, retaining walls, stabilishing rock cutting, tunnels, etc.
     Producing mass concrete structure and piles.
     Sealing the gap between the surface of a concrete foundation and the base plate of a foundation.
     Sealing the base of structure founded on a pervious dam

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