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    9j Summary Sheets

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    Smurtman69 IV

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    9j Summary Sheets

    Uploaded by

    Smurtman69 IV
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    9j_summary_sheets

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    97 views2 pages

    9j Summary Sheets

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    Smurtman69 IV

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    9 J

    Summary Sheets

    Force fields and electromagnets


    Static electricity
    An atom consists of a central nucleus with small
    particles called electrons moving around it. An atom
    normally has no overall charge because it has the
    same number of positive and negative charges.
    When you rub two materials together, electrons may
    be transferred from one material to the other. If the
    objects are insulating materials, the object that gains
    electrons has a negative charge of static
    electricity. The object that loses electrons has a
    positive charge.
    A positively charged object will attract a negatively charged
    object. Two objects with the same charge (both positive or both
    negative) will repel each other.
    The space around a charged object where it will attract or repel
    other charged objects is its electric field. The arrows on the
    diagram show the direction a positive charge would move.

    Resistance
    The resistance of a component is a way of saying how easy or difficult it is for an electric current
    to flow through it. The size of a current depends on the resistance of the circuit and on the voltage
    that is ‘pushing’ the current:
    ● the higher the voltage, the higher the current (if the resistance stays the same)
    ● the higher the resistance, the lower the current (if the voltage stays the same).
    All metals conduct electricity, but some metals are better conductors than others. The resistance of
    a wire depends on:
    ● the material from which it is made
    ● its length (longer wires have higher resistances)
    ● its thickness (thicker wires have lower resistances).

    Calculating resistance
    The units for measuring resistance are ohms,
    and the symbol is the Greek letter omega (W).
    Voltage, resistance and current are related by
    this formula:
    voltage = current × resistance
    To calculate a resistance, you need to measure
    the current in amps and the voltage in volts.

    resistance =

    © Pearson Education Ltd 2015. Copying permitted for


    purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 14 Page 1 of 2
    9 J
    Summary Sheets

    Electromagnets
    A bar magnet is a permanent magnet, because
    it is always magnetic. A wire with electricity
    flowing through it has a magnetic field around it.
    An electromagnet is a coil of wire with an
    electric current flowing through it. It is only
    magnetic while the current is flowing. The shape
    of the magnetic field of an electromagnet is
    similar to the magnetic field of a bar magnet.
    You can make an electromagnet stronger by:
    ● increasing the number of coils of wire
    ● increasing the size of the current (by
    increasing the voltage)
    ● using an iron core.

    Motors
    If a wire carrying a current crosses a magnetic
    field, the wire will experience a force. This is the
    motor effect.
    An electric motor consists of a coil of wire in a
    magnetic field. When there is a current in the
    coil, there is a force on each side of the coil that
    makes it turn.
    The speed of the motor (or the force it provides)
    can be increased by:
    ● increasing the size of the current
    ● increasing the strength of the magnetic field
    ● increasing the number of turns of wire on
    the coil.

    © Pearson Education Ltd 2015. Copying permitted for


    purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 15 Page 2 of 2

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