Chapter 12 Electricity

Class 10 Science
Electricity
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Class 10 Science
1. Write S.I. unit of resistivity.
Answer. Ohm-metre (Ωm).
Short Answer Type Questions[ll] [3 Marks]
2. (i) Draw a closed circuit diagram consisting of a 0.5 m long nichrome wire XY, an ammeter, a voltmeter, four
cells of 1.5 V each and a plug key.
(ii)Following graph was plotted between V and I values :
What would be the values of V /I ratios when the potential difference is 0.8 V, 1.2 V and 1.6 V respectively? What
conclusion do you draw from these values?
Answer.
(ii) From the graph, when p.d is 1.6 volt and 0.6 A current. .
Therefore , value of ratio for all potential difference of 0.8 V, 1.2 V and 1.6 volt will be equal to 2.67 .
We conclude that at the given temperature, the resistance of wire is constant and is equal to 2.67
3. Find the current drawn from the battery by the network of four resistors Shown in the figure.
Class 10 Science
Answer.
Long Answer Type Questions [5 Marks]
4. What is meant by electric current? Name and define its SI unit. In a conductor electrons are flowing from B to A.
What is the direction of conventional current? Give justification for your answer.
A steady current of 1 ampere flows through a conductor. Calculate the number of electrons that flows through
any section of the conductor in 1 second. (Charge on electron coulomb).
Answer.
 Electric Current: The amount of charge ‘Q’ flowing through a particular area of cross section in unit time ‘t’
is called electric current, i.e.
 Electric current, I = Q/t
 SI unit of electric current is ampere.
 One ampere of current is that current which flow when one coulomb of electric charge flowing through a
particular area of cross-section of the conductor in one second, i.e. 1A = 1 Cs-1.
 The direction of conventional current is A to B, i.e. opposite to the direction of flow of electrons. In a metal,
flow of electrons carrying negative charge constitutes the current. Direction of flow of electrons gives the
direction of electronic current by convention, the direction of flow of positive charge is taken as the
direction of conventional current.
Charge = q = ne
For
5. What is meant by electrical resistivity of a material? Derive its S.I. unit. Describe an experiment to study the
factor on which the resistance of a conducting wire depends.
Answer. Mathematically, resistivity of the conducting material is given by
If
Hence, the resistivity of the material is defined as the resistance offered by a metallic wire having a unit length
and a unit area of cross-section. Since unit length and unit area of cross-section forms a cube, the specific
resistance or resistivity can also be defined as the resistance offered by a cube of a material of side 1 m when
current flows perpendicularly through the opposite faces. In SI system, its units is
Unit of
Class 10 Science
Experiment:
Aim : To study the factors on which resistance of conducting wires depends. Apparatus Required : A cell, an
ammeter, nichrome wires of different length but same area of cross-section (thickness), nichrome wires of same
length but different thickness, copper and iron wire of the same length and same thickness as that of any nichrome
wire.
Procedure :
1. Connect the cell, an ammeter and plug key in series with nichrome wire of length T (marked 1) in the gap
XY as shown.
2. Close the key and note the reading of ammeter. It measures the current ‘I’1 through the nichrome wire
(marked ‘1’).
3. Replace the marked 1 wire with another nichrome wire having same area of cross-section (thickness) but
of double length’2l’ (marked 2).
4. Note the ammeter reading again after closing the key.
5. Again replace the marked 2 wire with marked 3 wire which has the same length but is thicker than marked
1 and 2 nichrome wires. Again note down the current through this wire.
6. Unplug the key. Remove marked 3 nichrome wire from the gap XY. Connect the copper wire marked 4
having same length and same area of cross-section as that of nichrome wire marked 1. .
7. Plug the key again and note the ammeter reading. It measures the current through copper wire.
8. Repeat the experiment with iron wire and measure the current .
Observation :
1. Current ‘ I’ is half of I1 i.e., =1/2

2. Current increases when thicker wire of same length and of same material i. e., nichrome is used.
3. Current and is different for copper and iron wire.
Conclusion :
1. Different wires drew different amount of current from the same cell.
2. First observation indicates that the resistance of the conductor increases with increase in length.
So, resistance is directly proportional to length.
3. Second observation shows that thicker wires have lesser resistance. So, resistance is inversely
proportional to area of cross section of the wire.
4. Third observation shows that resistance of the conductor depends on the nature of its material.
Class 10 Science
6. State Ohm’s law. Write the necessary conditions for its validity. How is this law verified experimentally? What
will be the nature of graph between potential difference and current for a conductor? Name the physical
quantity that can be obtained from this graph.
Answer. Ohm’s law : When the physical conditions such as temperature etc. remain same, the current flowing
through the conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference applied across the ends of the
conductor, i.e.,
Necessary condition for validity of Ohm’s law is that physical condition such as temperature of the conductor
remains same.
Procedure:
(i) Complete the circuit by connecting one cell in the gap XY. Plug the key.
(ii) Note the reading in the ammeter for the current I and in the voltmeter for the potential difference, (V)
across the nichrome wire.
(v) Find the ratio of F to / for each observation.
(vi) Plot a graph between V (y-axis) and I (x-axis).
Class 10 Science
Observation :
1. Voltmeter and ammeter reading increases as the number > of cells increase in series.
2. Same value of V/I is obtained in each case
3. V-I graph is a straight line passing through the origin of the graph as shown.
Conclusion : Straight line nature of graph shows that the current is proportional to the potential difference. Hence,
Ohm’s law verified. The slope of V-I graph gives the value of resistance of the conductor at the given temperature.
Very Short Answer Type Question [1 Mark]
7. Name a device that helps to maintain a potential difference across a conductor.

Answer. Cell or battery
Short Answer Type Questions [II] [3 Marks]
8. Define 1 volt. Express it in terms of SI unit of work and charge calculate the amount of energy consumed in
carrying a charge of 1 coulomb through a battery of 3 V.
Answer. When 1 joule of work is done in carrying 1 coulomb of charge, from infinity to a point in the electric
field, then potential at that point is called 1 volt. Potential difference between two points is
Or
9. V-I graph for two wires A and B are shown in the figure. If both wires are of same length and same thickness,
which of the two is made of a material of high resistivity? Give justification for your answer.
Class 10 Science
Answer. Greater than slope of V-I graph, greater will be the resistance of given metallic wire. In the given graph,
wire A has greater slope then B. Hence, wire A has greater resistance.
For the wires of same length and same thickness, resistance depends on the nature of material of the wire, i.e.
10. Draw a labelled circuit diagram showing three resistors connected in series with a battery (E), a
rheostat (Rh), a plug key (K) and an ammeter (A) using standard circuit symbol. Use this circuit to show that
the same current flows through every part of the circuit. List two precautions you would observe while
performing the experiment.
Answer.
Aim: Same current flows through every part of the above circuit.
Procedure:
1. Connect ammeters, ‘A’1 between B and C, and between D and E.

2. Adjust the sliding contact of the rheostat initially for a small current.
3. Note all the ammeter readings. These reading give us current flowing through the resistors
4. The current in the circuit is now increased by changing the position of sliding contact J’ of the rheostat.
5. Note all the ammeter readings each time.
6. Conclusion: Same reading of all the ammeter in each observation concluded that same current flows
through every part of the circuit.
Precautions:
1. All the connection should be tight and properly connected as per circuit diagram.
2. The positive terminal of the ammeter and voltmeter must be connected to the positive terminal of the
battery or battery eliminator.
11. Two wires A and B are of equal length and have equal resistance. If the resistivity of A is more than that of B
which wire is thicker and why? For the electric circuit given below calculate:
(i) Current in each resistor,

(ii) Total current drawn from the battery, and
(iii) Equivalent resistance of the Circuit
Class 10 Science
Answer.
So, for different materials having same resistance per unit length, greater resistivity material wire has more cross-
sectional area.
Hence, wire A is thicker than that of B.
(i) Current through each resistor
12. (a) Define electric power. Express it in terms of potential difference V and resistance R.
(b) An electrical fuse is rated at 2 A. What is meant by this statement?
(c) An electric iron of 1 kW is operated at 220 V. Find which of the following fuses that respectively rated at 1
A,3 A and 5 A can be used in it.
Answer.
(a) Electric power: It is the rate of doing work by an energy source or the rate at which the electrical energy
is dissipated or consumed per unit time in the electric circuit is called electric power.
So,
(b) It means, the maximum current will flow through it is only 2 A. Fuse wire will melt if the current exceeds 2 A
value through it.
(c) Given : P=1 kW = 1000 W, V = 220 V
Current drawn ,
Class 10 Science
To run electric iron of 1 kW, rated fuse of 5 A should be used.
Very Short Answer Type Questions [1 Mark]
13. Write relation between heat energy produced in a conductor when a potential difference V is applied across its
terminals and a current I flows through for ‘t’
Answer. Heat produced, H = VIt
14. 1State difference between the wire used in the element of an electric heater and in a fuse wire.
Answer. The wire used in the element of electric heater has a high resistivity and have a high melting point, i.e.
even at a high temperature element do not burn while fuse wire have a low melting point and high resistivity.
Short Answer Type Questions [3 Marks]
15. The figure below shows three cylindrical copper conductors along with their face areas and lengths. Discuss in
which geometrical shape the resistance will be highest.
Answer.
16. An electric bulb of resistance 200Ω draws a current of 1 Ampere. Calculate the power of the bulb the potential
difference at its ends and the energy in kWh consumed burning it for 5h.
Answer. Power of the bulb,
Class 10 Science
17. (a) Calculate the resistance of 1 km long copper wire of radius 1 mm. Resistivity of the copper is
m.
(b) Draw a schematic diagram of a circuit consisting of a battery of 4 cells of
2V each connected to a key, an ammeter and two resistors of 2 Ω and

3 Ω respectively in series and a voltmeter to measure potential difference across 3
Answer.
18. When a high resistance voltmeter is connected directly across a resister its reading is 2 V. An electric cell is
sending the current of 0.4 A, (measured by an ammeter) in the electric circuit in which a rheostat is also
connected to vary the current.
(a) Draw an equivalent labelled circuit for the given data.
(b) Find the resistance of the resister.
(c) Name and state the law applicable in the given case. A graph is drawn between a set of values of potential
difference (V) across the resister and current (I) flowing through it. Show the nature of graph thus obtained.
Answer.
Class 10 Science
(c) Ohm’s law : When the physical conditions such as temperature etc. remain same, the current flowing through
the conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference applied across the ends of the conductor, i.e.,
where R is constant of proportionality and is called resistance of the wire. Since current varies linearly with
potential difference, the graph between V and I will be a linear in nature as shown
Short Answer Type Questions[l] [2 Marks]
19. How much current will an electric bulb draw from 220 V source if the resistance of the bulb is 1200Ω? If in
place of bulb, a heater of resistance 100 Ω is connected to the sources, calculate the current drawn by it.
Answer.
20. Draw a schematic diagrams of an electric circuit comprising of 3 cells and an electric bulb, ammeter, plug-key
in the ON mode and another with same components but with two bulbs in parallel and a voltmeter across the
combination.
Answer.
Class 10 Science
21. Out of the two wires X and Y shown below, which one has greater resistance? Justify your answer.
Answer. Wire ‘Y’ has greater resistance as it has more length than wire ‘X’. It is because resistance of wire is
directly proportional to the length of wire.
22. Two identical wires one of nichrome and other of copper are connected in series and a current (I) is passed
through them. State the change observed in the temperatures of the two wires. Justify your answer. State the
law which explains the above observation.
Answer. The resistivity of nichrome is more than that of copper so its resistance is also high. Therefore, large
amount of heat is produced in the nichrome wire for the same current as compared to that of copper wire.
Accordingly, more change in temperature is observed in the nichrome wire. This is explained by Joule’s law of
heating.
Joule’s law of heating: It states that the amount of heat produced in a conductor is
23. An electric bulb is rated at 60 W, 240 V. Calculate its resistance. If the voltage drops to 192 V, calculate the
power consumed and the current drawn by the bulb. (Assume that the resistance of the bulb remain
unchanged.)
Answer.
Current drawn by bulb at 192 V is
24. Three bulbs each having power P are connected in series in an electric circuit. In another circuit, another set of
three bulbs of same power are connected in parallel to the same source.
(i) Will the bulbs in both the circuits glow with the same brightness? Justify your answer.
(ii) Now let one bulb in each circuit get fused. Will the rest of the bulbs continue to glow in each circuit? Give
reason.
(iii) Representing each bulb by a resistor, draw circuit diagram for each case.
Class 10 Science
Answer.
(i) Bulbs in parallel provide more illumination. This is because

(a) each bulb gets same voltage and is equal to the applied voltage.
(b) each bulb draws required current from the mains. Hence, they work properly.
(ii)When one bulb in each circuit get fused,
In series: Rest of the bulbs will not glow. This is because in series arrangement, there is only a single path for the
flow of current.
In parallel: Rest of the bulbs will continue to glow as in parallel connection,
(a) individual branch in the circuit completes its own circuit, or
(b) different paths are available for the flow of current.
(iii) Circuit diagram
25. (a) Though same current flows through the electric line wires and the filament of bulb, yet only the filament
glows. Why?
(b) The temperature of the filament of bulb is 2700°C when it glows. Why does it not get burnt up at such high
temperature?
(c) The filament of an electric lamp, which draws a current of 0.25 A is used for four hours. Calculate the
amount of charge flowing through the circuit.
(d) An electric iron is rated 2 kW at 220 V. Calculate the capacity of the fuse that should be used for the electric
iron.
Answer. (a) Electric line wires offer extremely low resistance to the flow of current, so they do not glow because
negligible heat is produced in it.
The filament of bulb glows because it becomes red hot due to large amount of heat produced, as it offers
high resistance to the flow of current through it.
(b) The filament of bulb when it glows at 2700°C does not get burnt because the tungsten metal of filament
has
(i) a very high melting point (of 3380°C) and
(ii) a high resistivity.
(c) Given: I = 0.25 A, t = 4 h = 4 x 60 x 60 sec.

So, amount of charge flowing the filament of electric lamp
So, the capacity of the fuse that should be used for the electric iron is of the order of 10 A.
Class 10 Science
26.
In the given circuit, connect a nichrome wire of length ‘L’ between points X and Y and note the ammeter reading.
(i) When this experiment is repeated by inserting another nichrome wire of the same thickness but twice the
length (2L), what changes are observed in the ammeter reading?
(ii) State the changes that are observed in the ammeter reading if we double the area of cross-section without
changing the length in the above experiment. Justify your answer in both the cases.
(b) “Potential difference between points A and B in an electric field is 1 V”. Explain the above statement.
Answer. (a)(i) Ammeter reading in the second case is half of the ammeter reading in first case. This is because
=> i.e. when length is doubled, the resistance is doubled, this means the current is halved.
(ii) On doubling the area of cross-section without changing the length of the conductor, twice of the
previous reading is observed in the ammeter. This is because So, when A is double, resistance becomes half,
current will be doubled.
(b) “Potential difference between points A and B in an electric field is 1 V”. It means 1 J work is done in
moving 1 C of charge from point B to point A in an electric field.

27. How is an ammeter connected in a circuit to measure current flowing through it?
Answer. In series
Class 10 Science
28. What happens to resistance of a conductor when its area of cross-section is increased?
Answer.
.
29. A given length of a wire is doubled on itself and this process is repeated once again. By what factor does the
resistance of the wire change?
Answer. Am. Length becomes one-fourth of the original length and area of cross-section becomes four times
that of original.
So, new resistance is (1/16)th of original resistance.

30. A 9Ω resistance is cut into three equal parts and connected in parallel. Find the equivalent resistance of the
combination.
Answer.
31. An electric iron has a rating of 750 W, 220 V. Calculate the (i) current flowing through it, and (ii) its resistance
when in use.
Answer.
Class 10 Science
32. (a) What do the following circuit symbols represent?
(b) The potential difference between the terminals of an electric heater is 60 V when it draws a current of 4 A from
the source. Find the resistance of heater when in use.
Answer.
(a) (i) Wires crossing without touching each other.
(ii) Rheostat/Variable resistor
(b) Given: V = 60 V, I = 4 A, R = ?
From Ohm’s law, V = IR
33. Explain the role of fuse in series with any electrical appliance in an electric circuit. Why should a fuse with
defined rating for an electric circuit not be replaced by one with a larger rating?
Answer. Fuse wire is a safety device connected in series with the live wire of circuit. It has high resistivity and
low melting point. It melts when a sudden urge of large current passes through it and disconnects the entire
circuit from the electrical supply. But, in case if we use a larger rating instead of a defined rating, then it will not
protect the circuit as high current will easily pass through it and it will not melt.
34. The wattage of a bulb is 24 W when it is connected to a 12 V battery. Calculate its effective wattage if it
operates on a 6 V battery (Neglect the change in resistance due to unequal heating of the filament in the two
cases).
Answer.
35. Consider the following circuit diagram. If find the equivalent

resistance(Rs) of the circuit.
Class 10 Science
Answer.
36. A torch bulb is rated 2.5 V and 750 mA. Calculate (i) its power, (ii) its resistance and (iii) the energy consumed,
if this bulb is lighted for four hours.
Answer.
37. Series arrangements are not used for domestic circuits. List any three reasons.
Answer. Series arrangements are not used for domestic circuit because
1. The electrical appliances need current of widely different values to operate properly.
2. In series arrangement, when one component fails, the circuit is broken and none of the components works.
3. All electrical appliances work at a constant voltage. But in series circuit, the current is constant throughout
the electric circuit and potential is different across the different components. So, series arrangement is not
suitable for domestic circuits.
Class 10 Science
38. Name the physical quantity which is (i) same (ii) different in all the bulbs when three bulbs of:
(a) same wattage are connected in series.
(b) same wattage are connected in parallel.
(c) different wattage are connected in series.
(d) different wattage are connected in parallel.
Answer. (a) For identical bulbs in series- same current, same potential difference.
(b) For identical bulbs in parallel- same potential difference, different current.
(c) For unidentical bulbs in series- same current, different potential difference.
(d) For unidentical bulbs in parallel- different current, same potential difference.
39. Two devices of rating 44 W, 220 V and 11 W, 220 V are connected in series. The combination is connected
across a 440 V mains. The fuse of which of the two devices is likely to burn when the switch is ON? Justify your
answer.
Answer.
40. Five resistors are connected in a circuit as shown. Find the ammeter reading when circuit is closed.
Class 10 Science
Answer.
41. Study the circuit shown in which three identical bulbs are connected in parallel with a battery of
4.5 V.
(i) What will happen to the glow of other two bulbs if the bulb gets fused?
(ii) If the wattage of each bulb is 1.5 W, how much reading will the ammeter A show when all the three
bulbs glow simultaneously?
(iii) Find the total resistance of the circuit.
Class 10 Science
Answer.
(i) The glow of other two bulbs remains the same.

(ii)In parallel combination, potential difference across each resistance will remain same.
So, potential across each bulb = 4.5 V
Wattage of each bulb = 1.5 W

Therefore, when all the three bulbs glow simultaneously, the ammeter A shows 1 A reading.
(iii) Potential difference across each bulb = 4.5 V Wattage of each bulb = 1.5 W
.’. Resistance of
42. A circuit is shown in the diagram given below.
(a) Find the value of R.
(b) Find the reading of the ammeter.
(c) Find the potential difference across the terminals of the battery.
Class 10 Science
Answer.
(a) Potential difference across 6Ω = 12 V
.’. Current through 6 Ω,
43. Consider the circuit shown in the diagram. Find the current in 3Ω resistor.
Answer.
44. Study the I-V graph for four conductors A, B, C and D having resistance RA,RB, Rc and RD respectively, and
answer the following questions:
(i) Which one of these is the best conductor?

(ii) f all the conductors are of same length and same material, which is the thickest?
(iii)If all the conductors are of same thickness and of same material, which is the longest?
(iv)If the dimensions of all the conductors are identical, but their materials are different which one would you use
as
(a) resistance wire (b) connecting wire?
(v) Which one of the following relations is true for these conductors?
(vi) If conductors A and B are connected in series and I-F graph is plotted for the combination, its slope would be
(a) less than that of A. (b) more than that of A.
(c) between A and B. (d) more than that of D.
Class 10 Science
(vii)If conductors C and D are connected in parallel and I-V graph is plotted for the combination, its slope would be
(a) lesser than that of A. (b) more than that of D.
(c) between C and D. (d) between B and C.
Answer.
(iv) Resistance oC length. So, A is the longest.

(iv) (a) Resistance wire – A (b) Connecting wire – D
(v) Option (a) is correct.
(vi) (a) In series, resistances are added. So, in the given I-V graph, slope of series
combination would be less than that of A.
(vii)(b) In parallel combination, the equivalent resistance is less than the least value resistance in the
circuit. So, in the given I-V graph, slope for parallel combination is more than that of D
Short Answer Type Question[l] [2 Marks]
45. In an experiment to study the relation between the potential difference across a resistor and the current
through it, a student recorded the following observations:
Potential difference, V (volts) 1.0 2.2 3.0 4.0 6.4
Current, / (amperes) 0.1 0.2 0.6 0.4 0.6
On examine the above observations, the teacher asked the student to reject one set of readings as the values were
out of agreement with the rest. Which one of the above sets of readings can be rejected? Calculate the mean value
of resistance of the resistor based on the remaining four sets of readings.
Answer. The third reading for V = 3.0 volt and I — 0.6 A will be rejected as it has larger deviation from the rest of
the readings.
The value of resistance in the other four observations will be I (using R = V/I) 10Ω, 11 Ω, 10 Ω and 10.67 Ω.
So, the mean value of resistance = 41.67/4 = 10.417 = 10.42 Ω
46. Explain with the help of a labelled circuit diagram, how will you find the resistance of a combination of three
resistors, of resistance joined in parallel. Also mention how will you connect the ammeter and
the voltmeter in the circuit while measuring the current in the circuit and the potential difference across one of
the three resistors of the combination.
Answer. Parallel Combination:
Class 10 Science
1. Connect the three given resistor in parallel between the point XY with a battery, a plug key
and ammeter in series as shown in figure.
2. Connect voltmeter in parallel with these resistors between the terminals X and Y.
3. Close the key and note the ammeter and voltmeter reading. Ammeter shows the total current drawn by the
parallel combination of these resistors while voltmeter shows the voltage applied across the combination.
4. Using Ohm’s law, find the equivalent resistance of the combination, i.e. equivalent resistance,
To find the current flow through any one of the resistor, ammeter will be connected in series with that resistor and
to measure the potential difference across that resistor, voltmeter must be connected in parallel with that resistor
as shown.
47. Derive the expression for the heat produced due to a current T flowing for a time interval ‘£’ through a resistor
‘R’ having a potential difference ‘V’ across its ends. With which name is the relation known? How much heat
will an instrument of 12 W produce in one minute if it is connected to a battery of 12 V?
Answer. Heat produced in a conductor: Consider a wire AB having a resistance ‘R’ connected across the
terminals of a cell. Let V be the potential difference applied by cell across the ends of a wire.
Class 10 Science
Let W be the work done in carrying the charge q across the conductor, then
48. Deduce the expression for the equivalent resistance of the parallel combination of three resistors
Consider the following electric circuit:
(a) Which two resistors are connected in series?

(b) Which two resistors are connected in parallel?
(c) If every resistor of the circuit is of 2 Ω, what current will flow in the circuit?
Answer. Consider the following parallel circuit shown below: Let be the current flow through the
resistor connected in parallel.
Using Ohm’s law, current through each resistor is
Class 10 Science
49. Two resistors of 10 Ω and 15 Ω are connected in series to a battery of 6 V. How can the values of current
passing through them be compared?
Answer. In series, same current flows through each resistor. So, ratio of current is 1 : 1.
50. A wire of resistance 20 Ω is bent to form a closed square. What is the resistance across a diagonal of the
square?
Answer.
Class 10 Science
51. Draw a schematic diagram of an electric circuit consisting of a battery of five 2 V cells, a 20 Ω resistor, a 30 Ω
resistor, a plug key, all connected in series. Calculate the value of current flowing through the 20 Ω resistor and
the power consumed by the 30 Ωresistor.
Answer. Req = 20 + 30 = 50 Ω
Current through both 20 Ω and 30 Ω= I =10/50 = 0.2 A

Power consumed by
52. A piece of wire of resistance 20 Ω is drawn out so that its length is increased to twice its original length.
Calculate the resistance of the wire in the new Situation.
Answer.
53. What is an electric circuit? Distinguish between an open and a closed circuit.
Answer. An arrangement for maintaining the continuous flow of electric current by the electrical energy source
through the various electrical components connected with each other by conducting wires is termed as electric
circuit.
An open circuit does not carry any current, while a closed circuit carries current.
Class 10 Science
54. Two resistors with resistances 5Ω and 10 Ω are to be connected to a battery of emf 6 V so as to obtain:
(i) minimum current
(ii) maximum current
(a) How will you connect the resistances in each case ?
(b) Calculate the strength of the total current in the circuit in the two cases.
Answer.
(a) As current is inversely proportional to resistance for the same voltage. So, to get maximum current, the
equivalent resistance has to be less. This means the resistors must be connected in parallel.
To get minimum current, the equivalent resistance has to be greater as
55. (a) Define the term ‘volt’.

(b) State the relation between work, charge and potential difference for an electric circuit.
Calculate the potential difference between the two terminals of a battery if 100 J of work is required to transfer
20 C of charge from one terminal of the battery to the other.
Answer.
(a) When 1 joule of work is done in carrying 1 coulomb of charge, from infinity to a point in the electric field,
then potential at that point is called 1 volt.
(b) Potential difference, V = Work done on unit charge =W/q
Work is 100 J,q=20C

Potential difference, V=W/q=100/20=5V
56. (a) Define the term ‘coulomb’.

(b) State the relationship between the electric current, the charge moving through a conductor and the time of
flow.
Calculate the charge passing through an electric bulb in 20 minutes if the value of current is 200 mA.
Answer.
(a) When 1 A current flows across the wire in 1 second, the charge transfer across its ends is said to be 1
coulomb.
(b) The relationship between the electric current I, the charge q and time t is
Class 10 Science
57. (a) How is the direction of electric current related to the direction of flow of electrons in a wire?
(b) Calculate the current in a circuit if 500 C of charge passes through it in 10 minutes.
Answer.
(a) Conventional direction of electric current is opposite to the direction of flow of electrons in a wire.
(b)
I = 500/600 = 5/6A
Long Answer Type Question [5 Marks]
58. (a) Two resistors may form (i) a series combination or (ii) a parallel combination, and the
combination may be connected to a battery of 6 volts. In which combination, will the potential difference
across and across be the same and in which combination, will the current through and through be
the same?
(b) For the circuit shown in this diagram, calculate
(i) the resultant resistance.

(ii) the total current.
(iii) the voltage across 7 Ω resistor.
Answer. (a) Potential difference across is same in parallel combination of and the current
through will be same when they are connected in series.

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Class 10 Science

Short Answer Type Questions[ll] [3 Marks]

Long Answer Type Questions [5 Marks]

1. Current ‘ I’ is half of I1 i.e., =1/2

(v) Find the ratio of F to / for each observation.

(vi) Plot a graph between V (y-axis) and I (x-axis).

Very Short Answer Type Question [1 Mark]

7. Name a device that helps to maintain a potential difference across a conductor.

Short Answer Type Questions [II] [3 Marks]

Long Answer Type Questions [5 Marks]

1. Connect ammeters, ‘A’1 between B and C, and between D and E.

(i) Current in each resistor,

(c) Given : P=1 kW = 1000 W, V = 220 V

Answer. Heat produced, H = VIt

Short Answer Type Questions [3 Marks]

Answer. Power of the bulb,

Long Answer Type Questions [5 Marks]

2V each connected to a key, an ammeter and two resistors of 2 Ω and

Short Answer Type Questions[l] [2 Marks]

Short Answer Type Questions[ll] [3 Marks]

Current drawn by bulb at 192 V is

Long Answer Type Questions [5 Marks]

(i) Bulbs in parallel provide more illumination. This is because

(c) Given: I = 0.25 A, t = 4 h = 4 x 60 x 60 sec.

Very Short Answer Type Questions [1 Mark]

So, new resistance is (1/16)th of original resistance.

35. Consider the following circuit diagram. If find the equivalent

Short Answer Type Questions[ll] [3 Marks]

(i) The glow of other two bulbs remains the same.

So, potential across each bulb = 4.5 V

Wattage of each bulb = 1.5 W

(i) Which one of these is the best conductor?

(iv) Resistance oC length. So, A is the longest.

Short Answer Type Question[l] [2 Marks]

(a) Which two resistors are connected in series?

Very Short Answer Type Questions [1 Mark]

Current through both 20 Ω and 30 Ω= I =10/50 = 0.2 A

55. (a) Define the term ‘volt’.

Work is 100 J,q=20C

56. (a) Define the term ‘coulomb’.

Long Answer Type Question [5 Marks]

(b) For the circuit shown in this diagram, calculate

(i) the resultant resistance.

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