 SQL stands for Structured Query Language

 SQL lets you access and manipulate databases

 SQL became a standard of the American National Standards Institute
(ANSI) in 1986, and of the International Organization for
Standardization (ISO) in 1987
 SQL can execute queries against a database
 SQL can retrieve data from a database
 SQL can insert records in a database
 SQL can update records in a database
 SQL can delete records from a database
 SQL can create new databases
 SQL can create new tables in a database
 SQL can create stored procedures in a database
 SQL can create views in a database
 SQL can set permissions on tables, procedures, and views

 RDBMS stands for Relational Database Management System.

 RDBMS is the basis for SQL, and for all modern database systems such
as MS SQL Server, IBM DB2, Oracle, MySQL, and Microsoft Access.

 The data in RDBMS is stored in database objects called tables. A table

is a collection of related data entries and it consists of columns and
rows.

 Look at the "Customers" table:

SQL CREATE TABLE statement is used to create table in a database.

If you want to create a table, you should name the table and define its column and each
column's data type.

Let's see the simple syntax to create the table.

1. create table "tablename"

2. ("column1" "data type",
3. "column2" "data type",
4. "column3" "data type",
5. ...
6. "columnN" "data type");

The data type of the columns may vary from one database to another. For example,
NUMBER is supported in Oracle database for integer value whereas INT is supported
in MySQL.
Using Query Analyzer, you can execute queries and stored procedures and get a
visual display of the SQL Server execution plan.

Similar to Profiler, Query Analyzer is found in the SQL Server folder in the All
Program menu. It, too, requires that you complete the Connect to SQL Server dialog.
Once connected, you can type the following to switch to your database:

Copy
use [databasename]

Next, click the play button on the menu bar (or highlight the text and press F5).
Either option executes the highlighted SQL.

In Profiler I identified the stored procedure cs_Sections_Get as reading an unusually

large amount of data—over 11,000 reads! The SQL trace from Profiler can be copied
into Query Analyzer and you can then see exactly what that particular query is doing.

Analyzing a Query

To run the query in Query Analyzer, first paste the contents into Query Analyzer, then
go to the toolbar and select Query | Show Execution Plan. Next, highlight the SQL to
execute

Indexes are special lookup tables that the database search engine can use to speed
up data retrieval. Simply put, an index is a pointer to data in a table. An index in a
database is very similar to an index in the back of a book.
For example, if you want to reference all pages in a book that discusses a certain topic,
you first refer to the index, which lists all the topics alphabetically and are then referred
to one or more specific page numbers.
An index helps to speed up SELECT queries and WHERE clauses, but it slows down
data input, with the UPDATE and the INSERT statements. Indexes can be created or
dropped with no effect on the data.
Creating an index involves the CREATE INDEX statement, which allows you to name
the index, to specify the table and which column or columns to index, and to indicate
whether the index is in an ascending or descending order.
Indexes can also be unique, like the UNIQUE constraint, in that the index prevents
duplicate entries in the column or combination of columns on which there is an index.

The CREATE INDEX Command

The basic syntax of a CREATE INDEX is as follows.
CREATE INDEX index_name ON table_name;
Single-Column Indexes
A single-column index is created based on only one table column. The basic syntax is
as follows.
CREATE INDEX index_name
ON table_name (column_name);
Unique Indexes
Unique indexes are used not only for performance, but also for data integrity. A unique
index does not allow any duplicate values to be inserted into the table. The basic
syntax is as follows.
CREATE UNIQUE INDEX index_name
on table_name (column_name);

The following is the list of built-in String functions, DateTime

functions, Numeric functions and conversion functions.

String Functions
Function Description
ASCII Returns the ASCII code value for the leftmost character of a character expression.
CHAR Returns a character for an ASCII value.
CHARINDEX Searches for one character expression within another character expression and returns the starting
position of the first expression.
CONCAT Concatenates two or more string values in an end to end manner and returns a single string.
LEFT Returns a given number of characters from a character string starting from the left
LEN Returns a specified number of characters from a character string.
LOWER Converts a string to lower case.
LTRIM Removes all the leading blanks from a character string.
NCHAR Returns the Unicode character with the specified integer code, as defined by the Unicode standard.
PATINDEX Returns the starting position of the first occurrence of the pattern in a given string.
REPLACE Replaces all occurrences of a specified string with another string value.
RIGHT Returns the right part of a string with the specified number of characters.
RTRIM Returns a string after truncating all trailing spaces.
SPACE Returns a string of repeated spaces.
STR Returns character data converted from numeric data. The character data is right justified, with a specified
length and decimal precision.
STUFF Inserts a string into another string. It deletes a specified length of characters from the first string at the
start position and then inserts the second string into the first string at the start position.
SUBSTRING Returns part of a character, binary, text, or image expression
UPPER Converts a lowercase string to uppercase.

A data manipulation language (DML) is a computer programming language used for adding
(inserting), deleting, and modifying (updating) data in a database. A DML is often a
sublanguage of a broader database language such as SQL, with the DML comprising some
of the operators in the language. Read-only selecting of data is sometimes distinguished as
 being part of a separate data query language (DQL), but it is closely related and sometimes
also considered a component of a DML; some operators may perform both selecting
(reading) and writing.

What is SQL?

Structured Query Language (SQL) is the standard language for data manipulation in a DBMS.
In simple words it’s used to talk to the data in a DBMS. Following are types of SQL Statements

 Data Definition Language (DDL) allows you to create objects like Schemas, Tables in the
database
 Data Control Language (DCL) allows you to manipulate and manage access rights on database
objects
 Data Manipulation Language (DML) is used for searching, inserting, updating, and deleting
data, which will be partially covered in this programming tutorial.

 What is Query?
 A Query is a set of instructions given to the database management system. It tells any
database what information you would like to get from the database. For example, to
fetch the student name from the database table STUDENT, you can write the SQL
Query like this:
 SELECT Student_name from STUDENT
 SELECT: The select statement allows users to pull a selection from the database to
work with. You tell the computer what to SELECT and FROM where.
 UPDATE: To change data that already exists, you will use the UPDATE statement. You
can tell the database to update certain sets of information and the new information
that should be input, either with single records or multiple records at a time.
 INSERT: You can move data from one location to another by using the INSERT
statement.
 DELETE: To get rid of existing records within a table, you use the DELETE statement.
You tell the system where to delete from and what files to get rid of.
 Since SQL does not allow you to import or export data from outside sources, some
providers can store data and give you the tools to manipulate data for your business
needs.

A query execution/explain plan AKA execution plan is an ordered set of steps used to access
data in a SQL Server. It’s basically a map that SQL Server is drawing to the shortest ideally the
most efficient path to the data in our database. Such a plan is created when a query is
accepted by SQL Server and it’s coming from either an application or it’s coming from us
when testing query performance.

SQL Server’s query optimizer does an excellent job by generating a physical model of the
most efficient route to the data. If you’re a network guy like me, look at it as the number of
hops for packets through a network which data must pass between source and destination. It
shows how a query will be or was executed. You might be wondering why we need to know
all this internal stuff and the simple answer is that it gives us an insight into what’s
happening under the hood. More specifically, it tells us what part of a query costs the most
CPU time, reads/writes time AKA I/O and gives us the opportunity to fix slow performance
queries and to improve those times because, in the real world, we often need to manually
examine and tune the execution plans produced by the optimizer to get even better
performance.

Furthermore, these plans display helpful graphical information that shows how SQL Server is
accessing data; if it’s doing a full table scan vs full index scan vs index seek. This can be a
helpful performance optimization as index scans are generally performance-intensive
because they’re scanning the entire index. Full table scans are similar because they’re
scanning every single row in a table.

Statistics are an important part of the entire process as they help the query optimizer to
make the best guesses when accessing data. These statistics include information about
columns like: estimated number of rows, the density of pages on disk, available indexes to
use, etc. that the query optimizer uses to generate query plans. It’s essential to keep these
statistics up-to-date as the query optimizer will use them to enforce query plans. But this is
something that SQL Server does automatically and it also does an excellent job with default
settings too, so you don’t have to worry about this except to know that it’s an important
aspect.

What is OLE DB driver for SQL Server?

OLE DB Driver for SQL Server is one technology that you can use to access data in
a SQL Server database. For a discussion of the different data-access technologies,
see Data Access Technologies Road Map When deciding whether to use OLE DB
Driver for SQL Server as the data access technology of your application, you should
consider several factors.

VB.NET MDI Form

MDI stands for Multiple Document Interface applications that allow users to work
with multiple documents by opening more than one document at a time. Whereas,
a Single Document Interface (SDI) application can manipulate only one document
at a time.

The MDI applications act as the parent and child relationship in a form. A parent form
is a container that contains child forms, while child forms can be multiple to display
different modules in a parent form.
VB.NET has folowing rules for creating a form as an MDI form.

1. MidParent: The MidParent property is used to set a parent form to a child form.
2. ActiveMdiChild: The ActiveMdiChild property is used to get the reference of the
current child form.
3. IsMdiContainer: The IsMdiContainer property set a Boolean value to True that
represents the creation of a form as an MDI form.
4. LayoutMdi(): The LayoutMdi() method is used to arrange the child forms in the parent
or main form.
5. Controls: It is used to get the reference of control from the child form.

Let's create a program to display the multiple windows in the VB.NET Windows Forms.

An effective System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) should result in a high quality
system that meets customer expectations, reaches completion within time and cost
evaluations, and works effectively and efficiently in the current and planned
Information Technology infrastructure.
System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is a conceptual model which includes policies
and procedures for developing or altering systems throughout their life cycles.
SDLC is used by analysts to develop an information system. SDLC includes the
following activities −

 requirements
 design
 implementation
 testing
 deployment
 operations
 maintenance
Systems development is systematic process which includes phases such as planning,
analysis, design, deployment, and maintenance. Here, in this tutorial, we will primarily
focus on −

 Systems analysis
 Systems design

Systems Analysis
It is a process of collecting and interpreting facts, identifying the problems, and
decomposition of a system into its components.
System analysis is conducted for the purpose of studying a system or its parts in order
to identify its objectives. It is a problem solving technique that improves the system
and ensures that all the components of the system work efficiently to accomplish their
purpose.
Analysis specifies what the system should do.

Systems Design
It is a process of planning a new business system or replacing an existing system by
defining its components or modules to satisfy the specific requirements. Before
planning, you need to understand the old system thoroughly and determine how
computers can best be used in order to operate efficiently.
System Design focuses on how to accomplish the objective of the system.
System Analysis and Design (SAD) mainly focuses on −

 Systems
 Processes
 Technology

What is a System?
The word System is derived from Greek word Systema, which means an organized
relationship between any set of components to achieve some common cause or
objective.
A system is “an orderly grouping of interdependent components linked together
according to a plan to achieve a specific goal.”

Text box controls allow entering text on a form at runtime. By default, it takes a single
line of text, however, you can make it accept multiple texts and even add scroll bars
to it.
Let's create a text box by dragging a Text Box control from the Toolbox and dropping
it on the form.
In this example, we create three text boxes and use the Click event of a button to
display the entered text using a message box. Take the following steps −
 Drag and drop three Label controls and three TextBox controls on the form.
 Change the texts on the labels to: Name, Organization and Comments,
respectively.
 Change the names of the text boxes to txtName, txtOrg and txtComment,
respectively.
 Drag and drop a button control on the form. Set its name to btnMessage and its
text property to 'Send Message'.
 Click the button to add the Click event in the code window and add the following
code.
Public Class Form1
Private Sub Form1_Load(sender As Object, e As EventArgs) _
 Handles MyBase.Load
' Set the caption bar text of the form.
Me.Text = "tutorialspont.com"
End Sub

Private Sub btnMessage_Click(sender As Object, e As EventArgs) _

Handles btnMessage.Click
MessageBox.Show("Thank you " + txtName.Text + " from " + txtOrg.Text)
End Sub
End Class

What is a data flow diagram?

A data flow diagram (DFD) maps out the flow of information for any
process or system. It uses defined symbols like rectangles, circles
and arrows, plus short text labels, to show data inputs, outputs,
storage points and the routes between each destination. Data
flowcharts can range from simple, even hand-drawn process
overviews, to in-depth, multi-level DFDs that dig progressively
deeper into how the data is handled. They can be used to analyze
an existing system or model a new one. Like all the best diagrams
and charts, a DFD can often visually “say” things that would be hard
to explain in words, and they work for both technical and
nontechnical audiences, from developer to CEO. That’s why DFDs
remain so popular after all these years. While they work well for
data flow software and systems, they are less applicable nowadays
to visualizing interactive, real-time or database-oriented software or
systems.
In Visual Basic, the form is the container for all the controls that make up the user
interface. When a Visual Basic application is executing, each window it displays on
the desktop is a form. The terms form and window describe the same entity. A
window is what the user sees on the desktop when the application is running. A form
is the same entity at design time. The proper term is a Windows form, as opposed to
a web form, but I will refer to them as forms. This term includes both the regular
forms and dialog boxes, which are simple forms you use for very specific actions,
such as to prompt the user for a particular piece of data or to display critical
information. A dialog box is a form with a small number of controls, no menus, and
usually an OK and a Cancel button to close it.
The ComboBox control is used to display a drop-down list of various items. It is a
combination of a text box in which the user enters an item and a drop-down list from
which the user selects an item.
Let's create a combo box by dragging a ComboBox control from the Toolbox and
dropping it on the form.

You can populate the list box items either from the properties window or at runtime.
To add items to a ComboBox, select the ComboBox control and go to the properties
window for the properties of this control. Click the ellipses (...) button next to the Items
property. This opens the String Collection Editor dialog box, where you can enter the
values one at a line.

Properties of the ComboBox Control

The following are some of the commonly used properties of the ComboBox control −

Sr.No. Property & Description

1
AllowSelection
Gets a value indicating whether the list enables selection of list items.

2
AutoCompleteCustomSource
Gets or sets a custom System.Collections .Specialized.StringCollection to use
when the AutoCompleteSourceproperty is set to CustomSource.
3
AutoCompleteMode
Gets or sets an option that controls how automatic completion works for the
ComboBox.

4
AutoCompleteSource
Gets or sets a value specifying the source of complete strings used for automatic
completion.

5
DataBindings
Gets the data bindings for the control.

6
DataManager
Gets the CurrencyManager associated with this control.

7
DataSource
Gets or sets the data source for this ComboBox.

8
DropDownHeight
Gets or sets the height in pixels of the drop-down portion of the ComboBox.

9
DropDownStyle
Gets or sets a value specifying the style of the combo box.

10
DropDownWidth
Gets or sets the width of the of the drop-down portion of a combo box.

11
DroppedDown
Gets or sets a value indicating whether the combo box is displaying its drop-
down portion.

12
FlatStyle
Gets or sets the appearance of the ComboBox.

13
ItemHeight
 Gets or sets the height of an item in the combo box.

Forms have a built-in functionality that is always available without any programming
effort on your part. You can move a form around, resize it, and even cover it with
other forms. You do

ActiveX controls are COM components or objects you can insert into a Web page or
other application to reuse packaged functionality someone else has programmed.
You can use ActiveX controls developed for Visual Basic 6.0 and earlier versions to
add features to the Toolbox of Visual Studio.

To add ActiveX controls to the toolbox

1. On the Tools menu, click Choose Toolbox Items.

The Choose Toolbox dialog box appears.

2. Click the COM Components tab.

3. Select the check box next to the ActiveX control you want to use, and then
click OK.

The new control appears with the other tools in the Toolbox.

Note

You can use the Aximp utility to manually create an interop assembly for
ActiveX controls. For more information, see Aximp.exe (Windows Forms
ActiveX Control Importer).

See also
 COM Interop
 How to: Add ActiveX Controls to Windows Forms
 Aximp.exe (Windows Forms ActiveX Control Importer)
 Considerations When Hosting an ActiveX Control on a Windows Form
 Troubleshooting Interoperability
Applications communicate with a database, firstly, to retrieve the data stored there and
present it in a user-friendly way, and secondly, to update the database by inserting,
modifying and deleting data.
Microsoft ActiveX Data Objects.Net (ADO.Net) is a model, a part of the .Net framework
that is used by the .Net applications for retrieving, accessing and updating data.

ADO.Net Object Model

ADO.Net object model is nothing but the structured process flow through various
components. The object model can be pictorially described as −

The data residing in a data store or database is retrieved through the data provider.
Various components of the data provider retrieve data for the application and update
data.
An application accesses data either through a dataset or a data reader.
 Datasets store data in a disconnected cache and the application retrieves data
from it.
 Data readers provide data to the application in a read-only and forward-only
mode.

Data Provider
A data provider is used for connecting to a database, executing commands and
retrieving data, storing it in a dataset, reading the retrieved data and updating the
database.

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The TreeView control is used to display hierarchical representations of items similar

to the ways the files and folders are displayed in the left pane of the Windows Explorer.
Each node may contain one or more child nodes.
Let's click on a TreeView control from the Toolbox and place it on the form.

Properties of the TreeView Control

The following are some of the commonly used properties of the TreeView control −

Sr.No. Property & Description

1
BackColor
Gets or sets the background color for the control.

2
BackgroundImage
Gets or set the background image for the TreeView control.

3
BackgroundImageLayout
Gets or sets the layout of the background image for the TreeView control.

4
BorderStyle
Gets or sets the border style of the tree view control.
5
CheckBoxes
Gets or sets a value indicating whether check boxes are displayed next to the
tree nodes in the tree view control.

6
DataBindings
Gets the data bindings for the control.

7
Font
Gets or sets the font of the text displayed by the control.

8
FontHeight
Gets or sets the height of the font of the control.

9
ForeColor
The current foreground color for this control, which is the color the control uses
to draw its text.

10
ItemHeight
Gets or sets the height of each tree node in the tree view control.

11
Nodes
Gets the collection of tree nodes that are assigned to the tree view control.

12
PathSeparator
Gets or sets the delimiter string that the tree node path uses.

13
RightToLeftLayout
Gets or sets a value that indicates whether the TreeView should be laid out from
right-to-left.

14
Scrollable
Gets or sets a value indicating whether the tree view control displays scroll bars
when they are needed.
15
SelectedImageIndex
Gets or sets the image list index value of the image that is displayed when a tree
node is selected.

16
SelectedImageKey
Gets or sets the key of the default image shown when a TreeNode is in a selected
state.

17
SelectedNode
Gets or sets the tree node that is currently selected in the tree view control.

18
ShowLines
Gets or sets a value indicating whether lines are drawn between tree nodes in
the tree view control.

19
ShowNodeToolTips
Gets or sets a value indicating ToolTips are shown when the mouse pointer
hovers over a TreeNode.

20
ShowPlusMinus
Gets or sets a value indicating whether plus-sign (+) and minus-sign (-) buttons
are displayed next to tree nodes that contain child tree nodes.

21
ShowRootLines
Gets or sets a value indicating whether lines are drawn between the tree nodes
that are at the root of the tree view.

22
Sorted
Gets or sets a value indicating whether the tree nodes in the tree view are sorted.

23
StateImageList
Gets or sets the image list that is used to indicat

What is Structured Analysis?

Structured Analysis is a development method that allows the analyst to understand
the system and its activities in a logical way.
It is a systematic approach, which uses graphical tools that analyze and refine the
objectives of an existing system and develop a new system specification which can be
easily understandable by user.
It has following attributes −
 It is graphic which specifies the presentation of application.
 It divides the processes so that it gives a clear picture of system flow.
 It is logical rather than physical i.e., the elements of system do not depend on
vendor or hardware.
 It is an approach that works from high-level overviews to lower-level details.

Structured Analysis Tools

During Structured Analysis, various tools and techniques are used for system
development. They are −

 Data Flow Diagrams

 Data Dictionary
 Decision Trees
 Decision Tables
 Structured English
 Pseudocode

In Visual Basic, as in any other programming language, variables store

values during a program’s execution. A variable is a named storage location
that can contain a value, which can contain a value, which can be modified
during the program execution or if the value of a specified memory location
changes at run time then it is defined to be a variable. The name with which
we assign or manipulate the memory location at runtime is called a variable
name. each variable has a Name (which uniquely identifies it), value and
type. For example, the variable Name can have the value “Ram”, and the
variable Age can have the value 24. here name and age are variable name
an “ram” and 24 are their values, and string and integer are types of variables
name and age respectively.
Declaring variables
In most programming languages, variable must be declared. In other words,
compiler must be told in advance, about the variable to be used. If the
compiler knows the variables and their types, it can produce optimized code.
 When the compiler is informed that the variable age will hold a number, then
it will set required bytes in memory to make ready to use it.
Note: the complier is a translator that translates the programming code into the

Machine’s understandable form in order to make it ready to execution

A variable name:
 Must begin with a letter
 Can’t contain an embedded period or embedded type declaration character
 Must not exceed 225 characters.
 Must be unique within the same scope.

Explicit declaration
To declare variables and to allocate storage space the dim statement is used
as in the following:
Dim meters as Integer
Dim greetings as String
The first variable, meters will store as integer value such as 10 or 388, and
the second variable, greetings, will store a text such as “Happy Birthday”.
When the compiler finds as Dim statement, it creatures place holder by
reserving some space in memory and assigning a name to it. Each time this
name is used its subsequent statement, Visual Basic uses this area in
memory to read or set it value. For instance, when the following statement is
used.
Meters = 143
Visual Basic places the value 143 in the place holder reserved for the
variable meters. When the program asks for the value of this variable, Visual
Basic get it from the same area of memory.
Types of Variables
The type of a variable determines how to allocate storage space in the
computer’s memory to their values. All variables have that determines what
kind of data they can store.
Visual Basic recognizes the following types of variables:
 Numeric
 String
 Variant
 Date
 Object

The numeric Data Types

Visual Basic supplies several numeric data types- integer, long (long Integer)
single (single –precision floating point), double (double-precision floating
point), and currency. Using a numeric data type generally uses less storage
space than a variant. If it is known that a variable. Will store whole numbers
(such as 12,388,60 etc) rather than numbers with a fractional amount (such
as 3.57, 0.7876, etc) then it is better to declare it as an integer or long type
variable. Operations are faster with integers, and these types consume less
memory than other data types.
Different type of variables can be declared in a single Dim statement. For
example, the following declaration statements.
Dim var1as single
Dim var2 as Double
Dim var3 as Currency

Feasibility Study can be considered as preliminary investigation that helps the

management to take decision about whether study of system should be feasible for
development or not.
 It identifies the possibility of improving an existing system, developing a new
system, and produce refined estimates for further development of system.
 It is used to obtain the outline of the problem and decide whether feasible or
appropriate solution exists or not.
 The main objective of a feasibility study is to acquire problem scope instead of
solving the problem.
 The output of a feasibility study is a formal system proposal act as decision
document which includes the complete nature and scope of the proposed
system.

Steps Involved in Feasibility Analysis

The following steps are to be followed while performing feasibility analysis −
 Form a project team and appoint a project leader.
 Develop system flowcharts.
 Identify the deficiencies of current system and set goals.
 Enumerate the alternative solution or potential candidate system to meet goals.
 Determine the feasibility of each alternative such as technical feasibility,
operational feasibility, etc.
 Weight the performance and cost effectiveness of each candidate system.
 Rank the other alternatives and select the best candidate system.
 Prepare a system proposal of final project directive to management for approval.

What is Visual Studio IDE?

The Visual Studio IDE is a creative launching pad that you can use to edit, debug,
and build code, and then publish an app. Over and above the standard editor and
debugger that most IDEs provide, Visual Studio includes compilers, code completion
tools, graphical designers, and many more features to enhance the software
development process.
haracteristics and types of system
 Organization
 structure and order
 Example: Hierarchical organization in a company.
 Computer system: organization of various components like input
devices, output devices, CPU and storage devices
 Interaction
 Between sub systems or the components
 Example: the main memory holds the data that has to be operated by
the ALU.
 Interdependence
 Component linkage
 Component dependence
 Integration
 How subsystems are tied together to achieve the system objective
 Central Objective
 Should be known in early phases of analysis

Elements of a System:

1. Components : An irreducible part or aggregation of parts that makes up a

system; also called a subsystem.
2. Interrelated components : Dependence of one part of the system on one
or more other system parts.
 3. Boundary : The line that marks the inside and outside of a system and that
sets off the system from its environment.
4. Purpose : The overall goal or function of a system.
5. Environment : Everything external to a system that interacts with the
system.
6. Interfaces : Point of contact where a system meets its environment or where
subsystems meet each other.
7. Constraints : A limit to what a system can accomplish.
8. Input : Inputs are the information that enters into the system for processing.
9. Output : The main objective of a system is to get an output which is helpful
for its user. Output is the final outcome of processing.

B provides three native toolbox controls for working with the file system:
the DriveListBox, DirListBox, and FileListBox. You can use these controls independently, or in
concert with one another to navigate the file system.

The DriveListBox control is a specialized drop-down list that displays a list of all the valid drives on
the user's system. The most important property of the DriveListBox is the Drive property, which is set
when the user selects an entry from the drop-down list or when you assign a drive string (such as
"C:") to the Drive property in code. You can also read the Drive property to see which drive has been
selected.

To make a DirListBox display the directories of the currently selected drive, you would set
the Path property of the DirListBox control to the Drive property of the DriveListBox control in
the Change event of the DriveListBox, as in the following statement:

Dir1.Path = Drive1.Drive

The DirListBox control displays a hierarchical list of the user's disk directories and subdirectories and
automatically reacts to mouse clicks to allow the user to navigate among them. To synchronize the
path selected in the DirListBox with a FileListBox, assign the Path property of the DirListBox to
the Path property of the FileListBox in the Change event of the DirListBox, as in the following
statement:

File1.Path = Dir1.Path
The FileListBox control lists files in the directory specified by its Path property. You can display all
the files in the current directory, or you can use the Pattern property to show only certain types of
files.

Similar to the standard ListBox and ComboBox controls, you can reference the List, ListCount,
and ListIndex properties to access items in a DriveListBox, DirListBox, or FileListBox control. In
addition, the FileListBox has a MultiSelect property which may be set to allow multiple file selection.

Sample Program Overview

The sample program is a "Text File Viewer". The sample program uses the DriveListBox, DirListBox,
and FileListBox to allow the user to navigate his or her file system. When the user selects a file that
the program deems to be a "plain text" file, and that file is not "too large", the contents of that file is
displayed in a multi-line, scrollable textbox.

In the screen-shot below, the user has navigated to the directory "C:\Program Files\CesarFTP" and
selected the file "tests.txt" from that directory. The content of "tests.txt" is displayed in the multi-line
textbox: