Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
National Capital Region
DIVISION OF CITY SCHOOLS – MANILA
Manila Education Center Arroceros Forest Park
Antonio J. Villegas St. Ermita, Manila

Disaster Readiness
and Risk Reduction

MAP IT

Quarter 1 Week 8 Module 17

Learning Competency:
Interpret different volcano hazard maps

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HOW TO USE THIS MODULE
Before starting the module, I want you to set aside other tasks that will disturb you while
enjoying the lessons. Read the simple instructions below to successfully enjoy the
objectives of this kit. Have fun!

1. Follow carefully all the contents and instructions indicated in every page of
this module.

2. Write on your notebook the concepts about the lessons. Writing

enhances learning, that is important to develop and keep in mind.
3. Perform all the provided activities in the module.
4. Let your facilitator/guardian assess your answers using the answer key card.
5. Analyze conceptually the posttest and apply what you have learned.
6. Enjoy studying!

PARTS OF THE MODULE

• Expectations - These are what you will be able to know after completing the
lessons in the module
• Pre-test - This will measure your prior knowledge and the
concepts to be mastered throughout the lesson.
• Looking Back to your Lesson - This section will measure what
learnings and skills did you understand from the previous
lesson.
• Brief Introduction- This section will give you an overview of the lesson.

• Activities - This is a set of activities you will perform with a partner.

• Remember - This section summarizes the concepts and

applications of the lessons.

• Check your Understanding - It will verify how you learned from the lesson.

• Post-test - This will measure how much you have learned from
the entire module.

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LESSON: VOLCANO HAZARD MAP

EXPECTATIONS
This module will let you grasp the idea of what a volcano hazard is. Specifically, you
will be able to accomplish the following:
a. identify the different types of volcano hazard maps.
b. demonstrate how to use the different volcano hazard maps for evacuation planning; and
c. explain what Volcano Alert Levels mean

How about checking what you know first before you start learning new? I believe
you can answer the set of questions given below. God bless!

PRETEST
TRUE OR FALSE.
Directions: Write true if the statement is true and write false if the statement is not true
_____ 1. Lahar is a volcanic mudflow.
_____ 2. Ash is a type of pyroclastic material that is fine granules that goes up into the
atmosphere.
_____ 3. Lava flow is a magma with low gas content that is erupted from the surface
and destroys anything in its path.
_____ 4. Pyroclastic Flow is a turbulent mixture of hot gas and pyroclastic fragments
that run down the sides of a volcano like a wave.
_____ 5. Pyroclastic Flow are hotter and faster than lahars

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LESSON

Watch this Video

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V13Bw7jImX0

BRIEF INTRODUCTION

Concurring to Lindsay (2018) volcanic danger maps are visual, geospatial portrayals of
the zones that may well be affected by different volcanic marvels amid or consequent to an
emission. They are created to communicate a complex cluster of risk data to those at hazard,
or those dependable for overseeing those at hazard. In case they are created, communicated
and utilized fittingly for a given volcanic setting and social and political setting, risk maps can
play a major part in relieving hazard to defenseless communities by distinguishing known
perilous ranges to direct arrive utilize and departure arranging. They contribute to fiasco chance
diminishment by putting all parties very truly “on the same page” with respect to risk data

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 ACTIVITY 1: VOLCANO HAZARD MAP

BEFORE THE LESSON

Prerequisite Knowledge and Competencies
1. This module will require more than one hour of seriously studying the maps- to know what
they mean and how to use them.
2. It is also assumed that the learners already have background knowledge on map reading.
3. This self-paced activity is meant to introduce the learners to the concepts. As the time is
limited, it is suggested to focus on the most dangerous of hazards from volcanoes, which is the
pyroclastic flows or surges

1.What are the best practices in disaster risk reduction management in your community?

Learning objectives
After the end of the lesson, the learners will be able to
1. Identify the different types of volcano hazard maps
2. Demonstrate how to use the different volcano hazard maps for evacuation planning
3. Explain what Volcano Alert Levels
Discussion:
Volcano Alert Levels. In the Philippines, we use a system of Volcano Alert Signals to define
the current status of each volcano. The alert levels range from 0 to 5. The alert levels are used
to guide any appropriate response from the Local Government Units (LGUs). Examples of
Volcano Alert Levels for the 6 most active volcanoes in the Philippines can be found in this
link:
http://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=50&Item
id=86
For each of the Alert Level, there should be a corresponding action coming from authorities.
For example, look at Mayon Volcano Alert Levels, if Alert Level 1 is declared, it is advised
the people should not venture into the 6-kilometer radius Permanent Danger Zone.
The Permanent Danger Zone (PDZ) for volcanoes is a delineated and identified where no
permanent habitation is recommended due to the possible impact of various hazards at any
time. For Mayon Volcano, the area covered within 6-kilometer radius from the summit is

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delineated as the PDZ. As soon as Alert Level is raised from 0 to 1, it is recommended that
people should not venture within this area at any time. This is already part of the precautionary
action taken by the Province of Albay when Alert 1 is declared.
Geologists gain better understanding of likely future hazards by studying the geology of the
volcano, observing eruptions and monitoring background levels of activity. These are then
shown in hazard maps.
Hazard maps illustrate potential for ground-based volcanic impacts—lava flows, pyroclastic
flows, ashfall, volcanic gases, and more far-reaching hazards (such as lahars) in valleys that
drain the volcano (USGS, http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/observatories/cvo/hazards.html). To help
understand the areas that may be affected by specific volcanic eruption phenomena, hazard
maps are used. These maps show areas that can be affected and areas that are safe (http://
gns.cri.nz/Home/Learning/Science-Topics/Volcanoes/Eruption-What-to-do/Hazard-maps).
Hazard maps are generated for various uses and are most useful in determining risks of living
in identified potentially hazardous areas. Hazard maps can also help people to become aware
of specific dangers (lava flow , pyroclastic flows, ashfall, lahars, etc) they might face in the
event that a volcano reactivates.
Hands-On: Case Studies - Taal Volcano and Mayon Volcano
1.Choose one:
a. You will use the Taal Volcano Base Surge Hazard Map
b. You will use the Mayon Volcano Pyroclastic flow Hazard Map.
2. Remember our previous lesson about volcanoes- there are several hazards associated with
erupting volcanoes: lava flows, ash fall, pyroclastic flows/ surges, lahars, volcanic gases,
among others.
3. For today you will focus on one of the most dangerous hazards from a volcano. Pyroclastic
flows and surges (Pyroclastic density current)- turbulent mass of ejected fragmented volcanic
materials (ash and rocks), mixed with hot gases (200oC to 700oC to as hot as 900oC) that flow
downslope at very high speeds (>60kph). Surges are the more dilute, more mobile derivatives
or pyroclastic flows.
4. Pyroclastic flows and surges are potentially highly destructive owing to their mass, high
temperature, high velocity and great mobility. Pyroclastic flows can:
I. Destroy anything on its path by direct impact
II. Burn sites with hot rocks debris
III. Burn forests, farmlands, destroy crops and buildings
5. Deadly effects include asphyxiation (inhalation of hot ash and gases), burial, incineration

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(burns) and crushing from impacts.
6. The only effective method of risk mitigation is evacuation prior to such eruptions from areas
likely to be affected by pyroclastic density currents
7. For today, examine the Taal Volcano Base Surge Hazard Map, or the Mayon Volcano
Pyroclastic Flow Hazard Map. Again, as you have learned, for any map, before using the map,
be sure that you understand the basic parts-
I. Map Title (tells you what the map is all about);
II. Legend (details of what each symbols/ colors mean)
III. Scale (refer to the bar scale as this helps determine distances, etc)
8. Based on the hand, For Mayon Volcano, which municipalities have communities on the
slope of Mayon? Write these on the Table provided. 9. Using the map, Fill in Table 1 and Table
2

Resource: Taal Volcano Base Surges Hazard Map

*Download the original Map @ https://reliefweb.int/map/philippines/philippines-taal-volcano-base-
surge-hazard-map-24-jan-2020

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Resource: Mayon Volcano Pyroclastic Flow Hazard Map
*Download the original Map @ https://www.facebook.com/PHIVOLCS/posts/available-hazard-
maps-for-mayon-volcano-philippines-airfall-hazard-map-lahar-haz/1434379926670901/

Name:___________________________________________________
Name of Volcano: ______________________________________
1. For Taal Volcano, based on the hazard map identify the municipalities/Cities that
are likely to be affected by the pyroclastic flows or surges.
2. For Mayon Volcano, for each municipality, identify barangays that are within 6-
kilometer PDZ. Which barangays are within 6-7 km? 7-8 km?

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 Table 1
PUT SPECIFIC BARANGAYS BARANGAYS BARANGAYS
NAME WITHIN 6 KM WITHIN 6-7 KM WITHIN 7-8 KM
Municipality 1

Municipality 2

Municipality 3

Municipality 4

Municipality 5

3. Part of what disaster officers need to do prior to any event, as part of a disaster plan
is to identify areas for evacuation. If you are to identify sites for evacuation, where will you
put this? Take note, it is important to be sensitive to the needs of the people living in affected
communities. An evacuation area should be outside the identified hazard zone, accessible,
least inconvenience for the evacuees
Table 2
BARANGAY TO BE RECOMMENDED DISTANCE OF
EVACUATED AREAS FOR EVACUATION AREA
EVACUATION FROM BARANGAY
LOCATION

4. Fill out Table 2. For each of the Barangay you listed in Table 2, select a temporary
evacuation area based on parameters mentioned in #3. Which areas will you suggest/
recommend for temporary evacuation? Why did you suggest this?

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REMEMBER
Hazard maps are generated for various uses and are most useful in determining risks of living
in identified potentially hazardous areas. Hazard maps can also help people to become aware
of specific dangers (lava flow , pyroclastic flows, ashfall, lahars, etc) they might face in the
event that a volcano reactivates.

CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING

Critical Thinking : Answer the following questions
1. Why is it important to understand hazard maps?
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
2. What are the implications of your technical knowledge on Volcanic Hazard Mapping in
mitigation process in disaster preparedness?

_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

Care and Concern for others:

1. From previous lesson, you learned about the dangers from erupting volcanoes.
2. How can we protect ourselves, family, people in the community?
3. How can we avoid or minimize the negative impacts of volcanic eruptions?
4. Write it in a short bond paper your reflection.

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POSTTEST
Precautionary Safety Measures for Volcanic Eruptions
Guide for Learner
1. Learners to think of other essential items for a disaster kit
2. Learners to prepare a disaster kit in their household and/or
3. Learners to make a poster conveying the importance of a disaster kit, and present them in
their home, school and/or community.

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Reference:
(1) Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology. (n.d.). Taal Volcano. Retrieved from
(2) http://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/html/update_VMEPD/Volcano/VolcanoList/taal.htm (3)
Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology. (n.d.). Mayon Volcano. Retrieved from
(4) http://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/html/update_VMEPD/Volcano/VolcanoList/mayon.htm
(5) U.S. Geological Survey. (2014). Volcano Hazards in the Cascade Range. Retrieved from
http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/observatories/cvo/hazards.html (6) Philippine Institute of
Volcanology and Seismology. (2008). PHIVOLCS Volcano Monitoring. Retrieved from
http://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/index.php?
option=com_content&view=article&id=50&Itemid=86 (7) Garcia, A. (1991). [Untitled
photograph of a truck in front of the pinatubo volcano eruption]. Retrieved from
https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=Pinatubo+Volcano
+eruption+impacts&biw=1280&bih=705&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ved=0CD
UQsARqFQoTCNqdlcLDqsgCFcUUlAod170LWA#imgrc=ijVzHDr1ETbT6M%3
(6) Teaching Guide for Senior High School Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction 2014
file:///C:/Users/User/Documents/DRRR%20MODULE/Teaching_Guide_for_Senior_High_School_DI.pdf

Acknowledgements
Development Team of the Module
Authors: ANTONIO A. MONTELLANO JR.
Editor / Reviewer : REBECCA M. ROXAS
Illustrator: Name
Layout Artist: Name
Management Team: MALCOLM S. GARMA, Regional Director
GENIA V. SANTOS, CLMD Chief
Dennis M.Mendoza,Regional in Charge of LRMS and
Regional ADM Coordinator
Aida H. Rondilla, CID Chief
Lucky S. Carpio,Division EPS in Charge of LRMS and
Division ADM Coordinator

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ANSWER SHEETS

ACTIVITY 1: VOLCANO HAZARD MAP

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 Table 1
PUT SPECIFIC BARANGAYS BARANGAYS BARANGAYS
NAME WITHIN 6 KM WITHIN 6-7 KM WITHIN 7-8 KM
Municipality 1

Municipality 2

Municipality 3

Municipality 4

Municipality 5

*Answers is Based on Map given to students

Table 2
BARANGAY TO BE RECOMMENDED DISTANCE OF
EVACUATED AREAS FOR EVACUATION AREA
EVACUATION FROM BARANGAY
LOCATION
Brgy 546
Brgy 545
Brgy 544
Brgy 543
*Answers are based on their own locality

PRETEST POSTTEST
1. True 1. Self-made Survival Kit
2. True 2. Self-made Survival Kit
3. True 3. Self-made Survival Kit
4. True 4. Self-made Survival Kit
5. True 5. Self-made Survival Kit

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