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Python Notes

Python code is executed from top to bottom and uses indentation to indicate blocks of code, with comments starting with # to explain code or prevent execution; variables are used to store data and have no type declaration but can be cast, with common variable naming conventions using underscores or camel case; Python has many built-in data types including numbers, strings, lists, dictionaries, and Boolean values.

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63 views

Python Notes

Python code is executed from top to bottom and uses indentation to indicate blocks of code, with comments starting with # to explain code or prevent execution; variables are used to store data and have no type declaration but can be cast, with common variable naming conventions using underscores or camel case; Python has many built-in data types including numbers, strings, lists, dictionaries, and Boolean values.

Uploaded by

Good Anony7
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as ODT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Python executed – left to right

Indentation – important in python


indicates block of code
minimum space – one
mostly used spaces – four
same block – same number of spaces

comments
- explain code
- make code readable
- to prevent execution of code when needed
starts with # - python ignores lines starting with #
comment can be placed at the end of code line – code line will be ignored
# can be placed before any line of code – it will be ignored
multiline code – no special syntax
# before every line
can use multiline strings as comments – python ignores string literals when no variable is assigned
triple quote – multiline strings – can be used as multiline comments

variables
used for storing data values
no command in python
created by assigning values – x = anything
no need to declare type & type can even be changed later if needed
casting – can declare type if needed x = str() / int () / float()
can find out data type of variable using – type ()
string variable – single or double quotes / x = “world”
variables are case sensitive

variable names
rules:
- start with letters or underscore
- can’t start with numbers
- only alphanumeric characters and underscore are allowed
- are case sensitive
multi word variable names – techniques used
- camel case – except first word, all words start with capital letters – myVariableName
- pascal case – all words start with capital letters – MyVariableName
- snake case – all words connected with underscores – my_variable_name

multiple assigning
assign values to multiple variables in one line – number of variables and values should be same
x,y,z = “A”,”B”,”C”
one value to multiple variables – x = y = z = “A”
unpack a collection(list, tuple, etc...) - fruits = [“A”,”B”,”C”] – x,y,z = fruits

output variables
print() - is used to output variables – print(x)
multiple variables output – two way – using comma and +
print(x,y,z) – space automatic – can be used with different data types – best way for multiple
variables
print(x+y+z) – space automatic – only used with same data types – numbers – works as
mathematical operator

global variable – can be used both inside and outside the function
local variable – can be created and used only inside a function
create and change global variable inside a function by using “global” – global x =

data types – built in

text – str – “world”


number – int – 20, float – 20.0, complex – 2j
sequence – list - [ ], tuple - () , range – range(5)
mapping – dict – {“something”: 5, “dog” : “black”}
set – set - {} , frozen set - ({})
boolean – bool – true, false
binary – bytes – b”hello”, bytearray – bytearray(5), memory view – memoryview(bytes(5))
none type – None

get data type – type()

set data type – add () to all types – except range, bool, bytes, bytearray and memoryview

numbers:

int – whole numbers, integers – positive and negative (unlimited length, without decimals)
float – negative and positive numbers – one or more decimals and scientific numbers with e in them
(x = 12e4)
complex – with j beside integer

type conversions using – int(), float(), complex() - can convert one type into another
complex numbers cannot be converted into other types

there’s no random function – import random module


import random
print (random.randrange(1,10))

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