CMR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

(UGC AUTONOMUS)
(Approved by AICTE, Affiliated to JNTU, Kukatpally, Hyderabad)
Kandlakoya, Medchal Road, Hyderabad

2022-2023

Department of Electronics and

Communication Engineering
A Micro Project report on
STREET LIGHT THAT GLOW ON DETECTING VEHICLE MOMENT
Submitted to the CMR Institute of Technology in partial fulfillment of the requirement
for the award of the Laboratory of

ANALOG AND DIGITAL COMMUNICATION

of
III-B.Tech. I-Semester
in
Electronics and Communication Engineering Department
Submitted By
BATTU.POOJA 20R01A0413
BHUKHYA.JAI HIND KUMAR 20R01A0414
BHUPATHI.MANIDEEP
20R01A0415

Under the Guidance Of

Mrs.krishnaveni
Assistant Professor
Mr.gopala krishna

CMR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

(UGC AUTONOMUS)
(Approved by AICTE, Affiliated to JNTU, Kukatpally, Hyderabad)
Kandlakoya, Medchal Road, Hyderabad

2021-2022
 CMR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
(UGC AUTONOMUS)
(Approved by AICTE, Affiliated to JNTU, Kukatpally, Hyderabad)
Kandlakoya, Medchal Road, Hyderabad.

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering

DECLARATION

We hereby declare that the micro project report entitled " STREET LIGHT THAT GLOW
ON DETECTING VEHICLE MOMENT"is carried out by us during the academic year
2019-2020 in partial fulfilment of the award of Bachelor of Technology in Electronics
and Communication Engineering from CMR Institute of Technology affiliated to
Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad. We have not submitted the same
to any other university or organization for the award of any other degree.

BATTU.POOJA 20R01A0413
BHUKHYA.JAI HIND KUMAR 20R01A0414
BHUPATHI.MANIDEEP
20R01A0415
 CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that a Micro Project entitled with: “STREET LIGHT THAT GLOW ON
DETECTING VEHICLE MOMENT” is being Submitted By

BATTU.POOJA 20R01A0413
BHUKHYA.JAI HIND KUMAR 20R01A0414
BHUPATHI.MANIDEEP
20R01A0415

In partial fulfillment of the requirement for award of the of II-B.Tech II- Semester in
ECE towards a record of “ANALOG AND DIGITAL COMMUNICATION”a bonafide
work carried out under our guidance and supervision.

Signature of Faculty Signature of HOD

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We are extremely grateful to Dr. M. Janga Reddy, Director,

Dr.B.Satyanarayana,Principal and Dr. K. Niranjan Reddy, Head of Department,
Electronics and communication Engineering, CMR Institute of Technology for their
inspiration and valuable guidance during entire duration.
We are extremely thankful to our Mrs.krishnaveni, Assistant Professor,
Electronics and communication Engineering department, CMR Institute of Technology
for his constant guidance, encouragement and moral support throughout the project.

We are extremely thankful to our Mr.gopala krishna, Assistant Professor,

Electronics and communication Engineering department, CMR Institute of Technology
for her constant guidance, encouragement and moral support throughout the project

We express our thanks to all staff members and friends for all the help and
coordination extended in bringing out this micro project successfully in time.

Finally, we are very much thankful to our parents and relatives who guided
directly or indirectly for successful completion of the project.

BATTU.POOJA 20R01A0413
BHUKHYA.JAI HIND KUMAR 20R01A0414
BHUPATHI.MANIDEEP
20R01A0415
INTRODUCTION:
Nowadays, street lighting systems in industries or cities are growing rapidly. The
important considerations in the field of different technologies like electrical and
electronics are cost effective, automation and power consumption. There are different
street lighting systems are developed to maintain and control the lighting systems. These
lighting systems are used to control and decrease energy consumption. This article
illustrates the street light that glows on detecting vehicle movement. Street light
controlling is one of the most developing system in India to conserve the energy.

Generally, street light controlling system is a simple concept which uses a transistor to
turn ON in the night time and turn OFF during the day time. The entire process can be
done by a using a sensor namely LDR (light dependent resistor). Nowadays conserving
the energy is an essential part and day by day energy resources are getting decreased. So
our next generations may may face a lot of problems due to this lack of resources. This
system doesn’t need a manual operation to turn ON/OFF the street lights. The street light
system detects whether there is need of light or not.
PRINCIPLE BEHIND THIS CIRCUIT:
The proposed system consists of Atmega8 microcontroller, LDR, PIR sensor and RTC.
This system controls the street lights using light dependent resistor and PIR sensor.

Street lights are switched on depending on the intensity of the Sun light on LDR. If the
intensity of Sunlight on light dependent resistor is low, its resistance value is high. This
value increases and becomes high when it is completely in dark. This resistance value
decides when the street lights are required to switch ON.

As the resistance value is maximum in the midnights, real time clock comes into the play.
The controller checks peak time during which there is no traffic and switch OFF the
lights. When there is any vehicle on the road, it is detected by the PIR sensor.

Whenever PIR sensor is detected it just indicates the microcontroller to switch on the
street lights. Then lights are switched on for 2 to 3 minutes and switched off
automatically.

Another way to this approach is, one can maintain minimum intensity without completely
switching off the lights by using PWM and switch them on to maximum intensity
whenever it detects the vehicle. But in this article the circuit is designed in such a way
that lights are completely switched OFF and will be switched ON only when there is any
vehicle.
CIRCUIT COMPONENTS:
ATmega8 microcontroller
DS1307 IC
PIR sensor
LDR
LCD
LED array

CIRCUIT DESIGN :
The proposed circuit consists of ATmega8 microcontroller, PIR sensor, light dependent
resistor and real time clock, Liquid Crystal Display.

Passive Infrared sensor, also called as PIR sensor is connected to the PD0 pin of the
microcontroller. PIR sensor senses the motion of the objects.
The PIR sensor internally will have an IR detector. Every object in the world radiates
some IR rays. These are invisible to the human eye but electronic components can detect
them. Different objects will emit IR rays of different wavelength. These rays were
detected by the PIR sensor. PIR is initially high and is set to low automatically after
sometime. Whenever it detects the motion of any object, it becomes low.

LDR is connected to the ADC pin – ADC0 of the microcontroller as LDR will produce
analog value which is converted to digital by the ADC.

Light dependent resistors will have low resistance in light and high resistance in dark.
The resistance of Light dependent resistor in dark is in range of ohms and in dark its
resistance is in the range of mega ohms. When the light falls on LDR it resistance is
reduced to a great extent.
Real time clock IC used is DS1307, which is I2C compatible. Real time clock has 8
pins.1 and 2 pins are connected to the crystal oscillator.3rd pin is connected to a
battery.6th pin of RTC is connected to PC5 pin of microcontroller.5th pin is connected to
PC4 pin of microcontroller.
I2C is inter integrated circuit. This is two wire interface protocol in which only two
signals were used to transmit the data between two devices.
LCD is used for displaying time. LCD interfacing in 4bit mode is shown in the circuit
diagram. Time from RTC is read and displayed on the LCD.