Central venous pressure (CVP) describes the pressure of blood in the thoracic vena cava near the right atrium. CVP reflects the amount of blood returning to the heart and the heart's ability to pump blood into the arteries. It is measured using a central venous catheter connected to a manometer or transducer. Factors that increase CVP include hypervolemia and heart failure, while factors that decrease it include hypovolemia and distributive shock. The normal CVP range is 2-6 mmHg.
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Central venous pressure (CVP) describes the pressure of blood in the thoracic vena cava near the right atrium. CVP reflects the amount of blood returning to the heart and the heart's ability to pump blood into the arteries. It is measured using a central venous catheter connected to a manometer or transducer. Factors that increase CVP include hypervolemia and heart failure, while factors that decrease it include hypovolemia and distributive shock. The normal CVP range is 2-6 mmHg.
Central venous pressure (CVP) describes the pressure of blood in the thoracic vena cava near the right atrium. CVP reflects the amount of blood returning to the heart and the heart's ability to pump blood into the arteries. It is measured using a central venous catheter connected to a manometer or transducer. Factors that increase CVP include hypervolemia and heart failure, while factors that decrease it include hypovolemia and distributive shock. The normal CVP range is 2-6 mmHg.
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Central venous pressure (CVP) describes the pressure of blood in the thoracic vena cava near the right atrium. CVP reflects the amount of blood returning to the heart and the heart's ability to pump blood into the arteries. It is measured using a central venous catheter connected to a manometer or transducer. Factors that increase CVP include hypervolemia and heart failure, while factors that decrease it include hypovolemia and distributive shock. The normal CVP range is 2-6 mmHg.
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Central venous pressure (CVP) (also known as: right atrial pressure; RAP) describes the pressure of blood
in the thoracic vena cava, near the right atrium of the heart. CVP reflects the amount of blood returning to the heart and the ability of the heart to pump the blood into the arterial system. It is a good approximation of right atrial pressure, which is a major determinant of right ventricular end diastolic volume. (However, there can be exceptions in some cases.) Factors that increase CVP include: Hypervolemia forced exhalation Tension pneumothorax Heart failure Pleural effusion Decreased cardiac output Cardiac tamponade Mechanical ventilation and the application of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP)
Factors that decrease CVP include: Hypovolemia Deep inhalation Distributive shock
The normal CVP is 2 to 6 mm Hg. CVP greater than 6 mm Hg indicates an elevated right ventricular preload. (high CVP= hyperolemia or right sided HF) CVP less than 2 mm Hg = reduced right ventricular preload due to hypovolemia. (low CVP= dehydration, excessixve blood loss, vomiting or diarrhea, and overdiuresis)
CVP Monitoring Central Venous Pressure in measured using a sterile indwelling central venous catheter (CVC). One end of the CVC is attached to a manometer or an electronic transducer, computer and monitor. Ultrasound may be used to guide CVC insertion. In the facility where I used to work experienced practitioners went in blind. Usually they were successful in locating the desired blood vessels without difficulty.
More accurate than blood pressure monitoring because changes in circulating volume will be reflected in changes in CVP values as soon as there is blood loss.
Equipment Sterile gloves IV tubing Manometer set or pressure transducer set-up
Stop cork Indelible ink/ marking pen Tape Mask Normal saline
Phlebostatic axis The reference point for the atrium when the patient is positioned supine. It is the intersection of two lines on the chest wall: 1. The midaxillary line drawn between the anterior and posterior surfaces of the chest and 2. The line drawn through the fourth intercostals space. - Its location is marked. - The stopcork of the transducer used in hemodynamic monitoring is leveled at this mark prior to taking pressure measurements. - Measurements must be taken with the head of the bed elevated up to 60 degrees. Note the phlebostatic axis changes as the HOB is elevated, so that the stopcork and transducer must be repositioned after each position change. -
