DOMELI DAM PROJECT

CONTENTS

CHAP TITLE PAGE

PROJECT AT A GLANCE

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1. INVESTIGATIONS

1.1 Geographic Location

1.2 Topography

1.3 Meteorology

1.4 Hydrology

1.5 Flood Routing

1.6 Crop Water Requirements

1.7 Reservoir Balance Study

1.8 Soil and Land Classification

1.9 Existing Agriculture

1.10 Reservoir Sedimentation

1.11 Life of Dam

1.12 Geological Report

1.13 Test Results and Geological Bore Logs

2. DESIGN CRITERIA FOR DAM AND APPURTENANCES

2.1 Selection of the Type of Dam

2.2 Design Criteria for the Dam

CHAP TITLE PAGE

2.3 Dam Embankment

2.4 Reservoir

2.5 Spillway

2.6 Outlet

2.7 Inspection Hut

2.8 Approach Road

2.9 Irrigation System

3. DATA STATEMENTS

1 Hydraulic factors for Domeli Dam

2 Physical data of Dam

3 Probable maximum daily Rainfall of 200 years

return period

4 Probable maximum daily Rainfall of 1000 years

return period

5 Area map showing recommended equations for

Runoff calculations

6 Area map for recommended specific Annual

Reservoir Sedimentation

4. COMPUTATION OF VARIOUS COMPONENTS

1 Area and pond capacity table and curve.

2 Monthly Runoff calculations

3 Unit and Flood Hydrographs

4 Flood Routing

5 Irrigation water requirements

CHAP TITLE PAGE

6 Storage Calculations.

5. PROJECT COST

6.1 General Abstract of Cost.

6.2 Detail Estimate

6. ECONOMIC ANALYSIS

1 Agronomy and Economic Analysis

7. APPENDICES

1 Drawings (List attached).

 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

BACK GROUND

In Rawalpindi district two – third of the total annual rain precipitates

during the three monsoon months of summer, while the remaining nine months

are nearly dry and get only one – third. Moreover, the delayed monsoon and

erratic winter rain–fall, which is a common feature, make the crops very

uncertain. On the other hand the topography of the hilly areas with steep ground

slopes, helps the rain water to form into numerous streams running at high

velocities, which erode the good land. Apart from damaging the land and the

erosion of soil, the rain water thus does not get a chance to soak down and

develop any ground water reservoir. Agriculture in these areas, therefore,

depends entirely on rainfall, which at time is very meager. This cycle of drought is

frequently experienced and now witnessed in recent years. Consequently, to

conserve the rain reservoir run – off for Agriculture, the only solution is to build up

dam, which would also eliminate the hazards caused by delayed rains at the time

of sowing and growing when a little delay in rainfall may results into reduction of

crop yield to less than half.

DOMELI DAM PROJECT

The proposed Domeli Dam Project is located on Domeli Nullah, a

tributary of Kanshi River which outfalls in Jhelum River. The dam site is at a

distance of about 1 K.M from village Domeli Maliaran. Drainage area up to the
dam site is 32.30 Sq. K. Meter. Mean annual rainfall in the Project area is 1100

mm (43.30 inches). However, the Project has been designed on the rainfall of

standard dry year i.e. August 1977 to July 1978 having 886.00 mm (34.88

inches) rainfall. As per yard stick equation given below is applicable for rainfall

run – off calculations, and the run – off has been calculated by the same

equation. Total run – off in standard dry year comes as 6.639 MCM (5381.80

Aft). Catchment area has been calculated from G.T. sheets prepared by Survey

of Pakistan at scale 1:50,000. The probable maximum flood (PMF) discharge has

been calculated by unit hydrograph method with the help of computer.

Survey of dam site and pond area has been carried out by Small

Dams Organization on large scales. These large scale maps have been used in

design and estimation of quantities of this Project.

The proposed project will bring about 1215.00 Ha. (3000 acres) of

land under irrigation. Command area is located on south of dam site. Area will be

irrigated by gravity flow. The whole canal system will be brick masonry

rectangular section. Lining of water courses has been provided as per yard stick

of Small Dams Umbrella Project.

Based on local practices, a cropping pattern has been established

and crop water requirement has been calculated by Penman method. In view of

the present cropping practice, cropping intensity of 120% is being proposed.

Reservoir capacity of the dam has been calculated to utilize the

whole available water in standard dry year by trials on computer. Minimum live

storage required irrigating proposed command area of 1215.00 Ha. comes as

3487.00 Aft (4.30 MCM). However live storage of 5409 Aft has been adopted.

Gross storage capacity of Dam is 7100 Aft including dead storage capacity of

1682 Aft. At the dead storage level of 535 M, the dead storage capacity is much

more than that sufficient to accommodate the sediments inflow of more than 50

years i.e. life of dam adopted in economic analysis.

DAM SECTION

The dam site is located in low to moderate zone of seismic activity

and earth quake factor of 0.05 g has been taken in design of the dam. Following

parameters of dam have been worked out: -

Top width = 20.00 Ft. (6.10 M)

Height of dam = 80.74 Ft. (24.62 M)

Length of dam = 1380.00 Ft. (420.73 M)

Live storage capacity = 5409.00 A.ft.

Dead storage capacity = 1682.00 A.ft.

Command area = 1215 Hectares.

A Zoned type of dam (with central impervious clay zone) is

proposed as Dam embankment. Central impervious Zone is 10 ft. wide at top and

has 1.0 V : 0.5 H slope on both sides. A cut off trench of 10 ft. depth and 20 ft.

width has been proposed to check seepage through pervious foundation.

Embankment fill from material available from near the Dam site has

been provided in the flanks. Flanks have 1.0 V : 2.5 H downstream and 1.0 V :

3.0 H upstream slope. Upstream slope has been protected by stone pitching.
 A 142.00 Ft.(42.67 M) wide Spillway Channel has been provided.

The capacity of Spillway is 8089.70 Cusec (229.30 M 3/Sec) which is equal to the

highest designed flood of 1000 years return period after routing through

reservoir.

Outlet structure consists of RCC pipe laid in the right side abutment

with control on upstream side. The intake structure will have trash rack, stop log

arrangement and a sluice valve along with a gate valve at upstream side.

An irrigation channel having 30.00 cusec discharge and length of

53200 feet has been provided to irrigate 3000.00 acres of barren land.

Rectangular section of brick masonry channel has been adopted for channel.

The dam and appurtenant works are proposed to be constructed in

a period of 24 months. However, dam embankment and spillway are proposed to

be completed within the dry period of one year.

Total estimated cost of the Project is Rs.166 Million, excluding the

cost of land acquisition. For economic analysis, benefits from Agriculture,

Livestock and Fisheries have been taken into account. The Project would,

however, give a number of other direct and indirect benefits like employment

opportunities, recreation facilities etc. Economic viability of this Project has been

established on the basis of benefits (mentioned as above), to be achieved during

first 50 years life of the Project. However, this project is likely to give benefit for

much longer time as live storage has been kept much higher than required for its

command area. Benefit cost ratio (BCR) and economic internal rate of return

(EIRR) has been worked out. In the worst case EIRR is %.

 The Project is considered quite feasible on technical as well as

economical ground and found feasible for implementation.

 CHAPTER 1

INVESTIGATIONS
1.1 GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION

Domeli Dam proposed Project is located at 3 Km from Domeli Town

junction of Nili & Pamal Nullah in Tehsil Sohawa District Jhelum.

Latitude = 330 02’ 0”

Longitude = 730 20’ 0”

1.2 TOPOGRAPHY

Topography of catchment area ranges from RL 360.00 to RL

535.00 M. the command area is terraced varying from RL _____ M to RL ___ M.

Rain-fed agriculture is practiced present.

1.3 METEOROLOGY

According to kopens classification, the climate of the area falls

under the tropical semiarid with an average annual temperature above 18 0 C and

dry winter.

The climate is characterized by four pronounced seasons, (1) cold

season from December to March, (2) hot season from April to June, (3) monsoon

season from July to September, and (4) autumn season of October and

November. The cold season starts in the middle of December and is

characterized by fine weather, low humidity and large variation in range of

temperature.
 The climate of the area is also characterized by the extreme

condition in hot season. Relative humidity in May and June varies from about 50

percent in the morning to about 25 percent or less in the afternoon. The highest

day temperature have been recorded in May and June when the hot weather

continues unabated for days together with the mean daily max. temperature

above 400 C. The months of April to June are usually dry.

1.4 HYDROLOGY

1.4.1 Run – off Analysis

The catchment area up to dam site is 170 km 2. Most of the

catchment area has steep slopes. The vegetation cover is good.

The Run – off for the catchment has been calculated on the basis

of records of rainfall at Jhelum Station. The computation has been made by

computer applying least square method to determine the rainfall run – off

relationship for the overall catchment of Kahan basin. Following equation has

been used to calculate run – off.

R = 0.893 x 10-7 (P + 112.600)3.50

Where,

R = Monthly Run – Off in mm

P = Monthly Rain – Fall in mm

1.4.2 Flood

The probable maximum flood (PMF) discharge has been calculated

by unit hydrograph method with the help of computer. The maximum probable 24
hours rainfall with 1000 year return period comes to 230 mm. PMF discharge

before routing comes to 1655.40 M3/Sec for 1000 years return period.

1.4.3 Reservoir

By constructing this Dam a reservoir will be created with total gross

storage of 5690 Aft (10.72 million cu. Meter) out of which live storage will be

3735 Aft (6.67 million cu. Meter). Capacity has been fixed higher than maximum

requirement of water calculated to irrigate 980 Ha. (2420.00 Acres) of command

area. Surface area at normal pond level submerged by water shall be 101.21 Ha

(250.00 Acres).

1.5 FLOOD ROUTING

For flood routing studies of earthen dam, probable maximum flood

(PMF) has been calculated for one thousand years return period.

The spillway width has been adopted after a number of trials by

computer. The clear water way of spillway has been adopted as 70 meter (230

ft). With this spillway (clear water way), high flood level (H.F.L.) worked out to be

1188.00 ft (362.20 meter). Top level of embankment section for dam is fixed

accordingly by allowing free board of 6 ft.

The maximum probable peak flood discharge for 1000 years return

period is 1655.40 CMS. After flood routing peak flood of 1655.40 CMS through

the reservoir it reduces to 1186 CMS as outflow. The spillway channel has been

designed for this discharge.

1.6 CROP WATER REQUIREMENT

The consumptive use requirement of water for various crops

proposed under this Project have been computed by Penman method adopted

for climatic conditions of Jhelum area. Monthly crop wise requirement has been

calculated by computer using modified crop coefficients. Factor of effective

rainfall has also been taken into account.

1.7 RESERVOIR BALANCE STUDY

Irrigation Water requirement has been estimated by modified

penman formula. Total project water requirement for cultivable command area

has been balanced with water supply from the reservoir storage, keeping in view

the evaporation from the pond surface. It has been estimated that 3735 Aft of live

storage would be required to irrigate 980 Ha of land. Reservoir balance study has

been carried out keeping in view irrigation requirement, evaporation and inflow.

Dead storage level has been kept at R.L. 1158.00 ft (353.0 M), which has been

adopted in view of inflow of sediments. Dead storage capacity at this level is

4955 Aft, (6.11 MCM) which can accommodate incoming sediments in reservoir

for much longer than 50 year i.e. life adopted for economic analysis.

1.8 SOIL AND LAND CLASSIFICATION

Command area is terraced land having uneven patches. Erosion is

a great problem which is accelerated with passage of time and considered a

geological process. The water erosion process increases during monsoon

season.
 Wheat is a major crop during Rabi season and Millets and Sorghum

are the minor crops during Kharif season which provide vegetation cover and

reduce the erosion. The present cropping intensity is about 102% and the land

use intensity will also be increased with the availability of water.

With availability of irrigation water, more area will come under

different crops and soil structure and texture will improve creating conditions to

retain nutrients for successful growth of plants which helps to raise the crop yield

of the command area.

1.9 EXISTING AGRICULTURE

Like other rain – fed area, the traditional farming is practiced in the

project area. Therefore, the yield of Rabi as well as Kharif crops is low.

1.9.1 Rabi Crops

Wheat is the major Rabi crop and covers 54% of the total area

sown in Rabi season.

1.9.2 Kharif Crops

Maize (grain) is a main Kharif crop which covers 18 % of the total

area grown in Kharif season. Jowar and Bajra are grown as fodder as well as

grain crop.

The existing cropping intensity of Domeli Dam is 99% which is

expected to increase up to 120 % with in alimentation of this project.

1.10 RESERVOIR SEDIMENTATION / LIFE OF THE DAM

The life of the Dam reservoir depends upon the time it takes to silt

up to the dead storage level. Sedimentation of the reservoir created by a Dam

construction on a natural water course is inevitable. The Dam under

consideration is high enough to have large trap efficiency.

1.11 LIFE OF DAM

Economic life as well as life of this dam with reference to

sedimentation up to dead storage level has been adopted to be 50 years.

 CHAPTER 2

DESIGN CRITERIA FOR DAM AND APPURTENANCES

2.1 SELECTION OF THE TYPE OF DAM

Dam type has been selected after studying all possible criteria to

achieve the most feasible, safe and stable structure at an economical cost. An

earth fill zoned Dam has been proposed for this site due to following reasons: -

a. The materials required for construction of an earth fill Dam like

impervious clay and semi impervious clay are available near the Dam site.

The site is quite suitable for Zoned type of dam as semi – impervious and

impervious materials are available and appear to be good and could

economically be used as impervious fill and embankment fill in Zoned

Dam.

b. Concrete Dam is not recommended as there could be differential

settlement in foundation. However, there will be no problem of foundation

deformation for Zoned Earth fill Dam, adopted as the dam type for this

Project.

2.2 DESIGN CRITERIA FOR THE DAM

To achieve safe, stable and economical Dam embankment during

all phases of construction and operation of Dam, following criteria is adopted: -

i. The embankment must be safe against overtopping during

probable maximum design flood by provision of sufficient spillway

capacity.
 ii. The slopes of embankment must be stable during construction and

under all conditions of reservoir operation, including rapid

drawdown of the reservoir.

iii. There should not be any excessive settlement in foundation.

iv. Seepage flow through the embankment, foundation, and abutments

must be controlled so that no internal erosion / piping takes place.

v. Seepage through the body of the Dam, abutments and foundation

must remain within limits.

vi. The embankment must be safe against overtopping by wave action.

For this purpose, adequate free board must be provided.

vii. The upstream slope must be protected against erosion by wave

action. The crest and downstream slope must be protected against

erosion by wind and rain.

viii. The design must be such that most severe earth quake, which can

be reasonably anticipated, will not endanger the structure. For this

purpose, a seismic factor of 0.05 has been adopted.

ix. The embankment design should be such as to make optimum use

of materials available in the vicinity, standard equipment and simple

construction controls.

The design of zoned embankment has been finalized after

considering all the above criteria and after carrying out some trials to achieve the

most economical as well as technically sound section.

2.3 DAM EMBANKMENT

Top width of embankment section has been kept as 30 feet. The

embankment section, will have a 1.0 V : 3.0 H upstream slope. The stone

pitching from toe to top of dam has been provided on upstream slope. The

downstream slope has been kept as 1.0 V : 2.5 H.

Length of embankment at top is 1100 feet. Longitudinal sections

along dam axis is shown in drawing No.____. Typical section of the proposed

embankment of dam is shown in Drawing No._______. Detail of various zones

are described below: -

The proposed Zoned dam consists of following zones: -

i. Central impervious Zone.

ii. Embankment Fill Zones.

iii. Toe and horizontal filter

iv. Upstream and Downstream slope protection.

2.3.1 Central impervious Zone

A section having 10 ft. width at top with 1.00 H 1.0 V side slope has

been proposed. Top level of this Zone has been kept at H.F.L. The main aim of

this Zone is to act as a barrier against seepage. A steeper slope has been kept

for the impervious zone to have an economical project.

i. Depth of stripping under impervious zone has been kept as 10 ft.

ii. A deep cut – off trench up to 10 ft has been provided. However its

exact depth will be finalized during excavation.

iii. Bottom width of the cut – off trench has been kept 20 ft.
 2.3.2 Embankment Fill Zone

The embankment fill material is good enough and available near

the dam site. The use of this near by material in embankment fill zone is not only

economical but easy for construction.

2.3.3 Toe and Horizontal Filter

A horizontal filter has also been provided under embankment fill

zone on downstream side. Similarly sand filter has been provided in between

impervious and embankment fill.

2.3.4 Upstream and Down Stream Slope Protection

Upstream slope has been protected by 1.5 ft stone pitching and 1.0

ft graded filter from top of dam up to toe of dam. Downstream slope has been

protected by turfing. Catch water drains have also been provided.

2.4 RESERVOIR

By constructing this dam the reservoir will be created with gross

storage of 8690 Acre feet (10.72 million cubic meter) out of which 3735.00 Acre

feet (4.61 million cubic meter) is live storage. The reservoir capacity has been

kept according to the inflow during the standard dry year of August 1977 to July

1978, to irrigate 2420.00 Acres (980.00 Ha) of land. Surface area at normal pond

level submerged by water shall be 250.00 Acres (101.21 Ha). Reservoir

operation study has been carried out and is attached.

2.5 SPILLWAY

Selection of site and type of spillway was also done after care–full

study of different options.

 After a number of trials for flood routing computation, the width of

spillway has been adopted as 230 ft.

2.6 OUTLET

One outlet has been provided on the left side of Dam R.C.C. pipe

3.00 ft. dia shall be used. Control shall be by means of one sluice valve at

upstream side. The intake structure will have trash rack and stop log

arrangement on upstream side.

2.7 INSPECTION HUT

Inspection Hut as per attached plan has been provided for the

facility of field staff and inspecting officers during construction and maintenance.

2.8 APPROACH ROAD

Site is located at about 3 K.M. from metalled road. A motorable

road will be constructed and maintained.

2.9 IRRIGATION SYSTEM

Irrigation system consists of main canal of length 20000 ft and one

Minor with a length of 9200 ft. Following are main features of the system:

i. Syphons have been designed with water velocity of 4.0 ft. / Sec.

Which will ensure self cleaning.

ii. Channels have been proposed along the natural slope i.e. with

minimum cutting and filling. To command maximum culturable area

bed slope has been kept as 1:2000.

iii. Canal capacity has been designed for 12 hour supply in a day.
 HYDRAULIC FACTORS FOR DOMELI DAM

1. Catchment Area 170.00 Km2

2. Rainfall Reference Station Jhelum

3. Average annual rainfall of reference station 853

4. Average annual rainfall at Dam Site 779

5. Rain factor 779 / 853 = 0.913

6. Equation of Runoff 0.893 x 10-7 (P + 112.6)3.50

7. Probable maximum daily rainfall

1000 years return period 230

200 years return period 200 mm

8. Specific annual reservoir sedimentation 700 M3 / Km2 / Year

 DESIGN OF HEIGHT OF DAM

1. Nullah bed level 330.79 M (1085.00 ft)

2. Dead Storage Level 353.05 M (1158.00 ft)

Fixed in accordance with sediment inflow

3. Dead storage capacity 6.11 MCM (4955.00 Aft)

4. Live storage capacity required 4.61 MCM (3735.00 Aft)

5. Live storage capacity adopted 4.61 MCM (3735.00 Aft)

6. Gross storage capacity 10.72 MCM (8690.00 Aft)

7. Normal pond level 358.23 M (1175 ft)

8. Highest level as per flood routing 543.14 M (1781.93 ft)

9. Head loss in approach channel 0.45 M (1.50 ft)

10. Net H.F.L. 543.58 M (1188 ft)

11. Free Board 1.83 M (6.00 ft)

12. Top of embankment 364.02 M (1194 ft)

13. Dam height 36.59 M (120 ft)

 DOMELI DAM

VOL. II

LIST OF DRAWINGS
1. Index plan

2. Pond capacity curve

3. Layout plan of dam & spillway

4. Typical X-Section of dam

5. L-Section of Dam

6. X-Section of Dam

7. L-Section of Spillway

8. X-Section of Irrigation Channel

9. L-Section of Irrigation Channel

10. L-Section of Minor

11. Outlet structure

12. Surface Geology of Dam Site.

13. Geological X-Section of Dam Site

14. Plan of buildings

 DESIGN OF STILLING BASIN

Normal Pond level = N.P.L. = 1175 ft

H.F.L. = 1188 ft

Q = 41800 Cs

Floor level = 1115 ft

H = 60 ft

B = 230 ft
d1 = Q / 0.95 B (2gh)1/2

= 41800 / 0.95 x 230 x (2 x 32.2 x 60)1/2

= 3.08 ft

F1 = Q / B d1 ((gd1 )1/2

= 41800 / 230 x 3.08 x (32.2 x 3.08) 1/2

= 5.93

d2 = 1/2 d1 {(1 + 8 F12 )1/2 – 1}

d2 = 1/2 x 3.08 [{1 + 8 (5.93)2 }1/2 – 1}]

= 24.34 ft

Select type – III Basin

L/ d2 = 2.45

L = 2.45 x 24.34 = 59.63  60 ft

h3 = 1.6 x d1 = 1.55 x 3.08 = 4.77 ft

h4 = 1.30 x d1 = 1.30 x 3.08 = 4.00 ft