Palawan State University

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

College of Engineering, Architecture, and Technology

CHAPTER ONE:
CODES AND REGULATIONS

Submitted to:
Ms. Keren Joy Orillosa

Submitted by:
MACARAIG, Danniel A.
OMAPAS, Dan Andro P.
RODEL, Emmanuel E.
SACLET, Kristel Joy H.
VILLANUEVA, Dominic D.

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 Table of Contents
Title Page………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..p.1
Table of Contents……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..pp. 2-3
I. National Building Code of the Philippines…………………………………………………………………….p.5
CHAPTER 1: General Provisions………………………………………………………………………………………………………p.5
Section 2: Declaration of Policy………………………………………………………………………………………………….p.5
Section 3: Scope………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...p.5
Section 4: General Building Requirements………………………………………………………………………………….p.5
Section 5: Site Requirements……………………………………………………………………………………………………..p.5
CHAPTER 4: Types of Construction………………………………………………………………………………………….…pp.5-6
Section 1: Types of Construction……………………………………………………………………………………………pp.5-6
Section 3: Requirements on Type of Construction………………………………………………………………………p.6
CHAPTER 9: Sanitation……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………p.7
Section 1: General Requirements………………………………………………………………………………………………p.7
CHAPTER 12: General Design and Construction Requirements………………………………………………….……p.7
Section 1: General Requirements…………………………………………………………………………………..…….……p.7
II. Architectural Code…………………………………………………………………………………..…………….……p.8
CHAPTER 3: Permit and Inspections…………………………………………………………………………………….…….……p.8
Section 1: Title………………………….. …………………………………………………………………………………..…….……p.8
Section 2: Application for Building Permit…………………………………………………………………………………..p.8
Section 3: Processing of Building Permit……………………………………………………………………..…….….pp.8-9
Land Title………………………….. …………………………………………………………………………………..…….………………p.9
Site Development Plan………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………..pp.9-10
Zoning Laws………………………….. …………………………………………………………………………………..…….……..…p.10
I. Minimum Setbacks for Residential Building/Structures…………………………….………pp.10-13
II. Structural Code of the Philippines………………………………………………………………………………p.14
CHAPTER 1: General Requirements………………………………………………………………………………………………p.14
Section 1: Purpose……………………………………………..……………………………………………………………………p.14
Section 2: Definition………………………………………..………………………………………………………………………p.14
Section 3: Applicability……………………………………………………….……………………………………………………p.14
Section 4: Classification of Structure…………………………………………………………………………………pp.14-15
Section 5: Design Requirements………………………………………………………………………………………………p.15
Section 6: Building Official……………………………………………………………………………………….………………p.15
Section 7: Licensed Designed Professional……………………………………………………………………….………p.15
CHAPTER 2: Minimum Design Loads………………………………………………………………………….…….….…pp.15-16
Section 3: Combination of Loads…………………………………………………………………………………….….……p.16
Section 5: Live Loads and Dead Loads…………………………………………………………………….……….………p.16
Section 7: Wind Loads………………………………………………………………………………………………..……………p.16
Section 8: Earthquake Loads……………………………………………………………………………………………………p.16
CHAPTER 3: EARTHWORKS AND FOUNDATION…………………………………………………….………………………p.16
Chapter 4: Structural Concrete……………………………………………………………………………..………………pp.16-19

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 Section 1: General……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………p.17
Section 4: Structural System Requirements……………………………………………………………….……………p.17
Section 5: Loads………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………p.17
Section 6: Diaphragm………………………………………………………………………………………………………………p.17
Section 8: Structural Analysis……………………………………………………..……………………………………………p.17
Section 9: Two-way Slabs and One-way Slab……………………………………………………………………pp.17-18
Section 12: Beams……………………………………………………………………………………………………..……………p.18
Section 18: Earthquake Resistant Structures……………………………………………………………………………p.18
Section 26: Construction Documents and Inspections………………………………………………………pp.18-19
CHAPTER 5: Structural Steel…………………………………………………………………………………………….……………p.19
CHAPTER 6: Wood…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……………p.19
CHAPTER 7: Masonry………..………………………………………………………………………………………..…..……………p.19
III. The Philippine Electrical Code……………………………………………….……………………..………p.19-20
Objectives…………………………………………………………………………..…………………………………………..……pp.19-20
Scope of the Philippine Electrical Code…………………………………………………………………………………………p.20
IV. Fire Code of the Philippines…………………………………………………………………………..……pp.20-21
Section 5: Grace Period……………………………………………………………………………………………………………p.21
Section 6: Responsibility for the Enforcement of this Code………………………………………………….… p.21
V. National Plumbing Code of the Philippines……………………………………………………...…pp.21-23
The Plumbing Code………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………p.21
22 Basic Principles of the National Plumbing Code of the Philippines…………………………….………pp.21-23
VI. Code Sanitation………………………………………….……….……………………………………….…….pp.23-28
CHAPTER 2: Water Supply………………………………………………….…………………………………………….……pp.23-24
Section 10: Jurisdiction of the Department………………………….………………………………………….….….p.24
Section 11: Types of Water Examinations Required………………………….…………………………………….p.24
CHAPTER 3: Food Establishment………………………….…………………………………………………………..……….….p.24
Section 14: Sanitary Permit………………………….…………………………..………………………………………….….p.24
Section 17: Structural Requirements………………………….………………………………………………...….pp.24-25
Section 31: Evaluation of Food Establishment………………………….…………………………..…………pp.25-26
Section 32: Special Provisions………………………….…………………………..……………………………….…….….p.26
CHAPTER 6: School Sanitary and Health Services………………………….…………………………..………………….p.26
Section 41: The Physical Environment………………………….…………………………..…….…………….…….….p.26
Section 42: The Emotional Environment………………………….…………………………..…….……………….….p.27
CHAPTER 16: Vermin Control………………………….…………………………..…………………………..……………….….p.27
Section 69: Definition of Terms………………………….………………….……………………..…….……………….….p.27
Section 70: General Requirements……………………………….….…………………………..…….……………….….p.27
CHAPTER 17: Sewage Collection and Disposal, Excreta Disposal and Drainage………………………….….p.27
Section 72: Scope of Supervision of Department………………………….…………………………..………….….p.27
Section 74: Requirements in Sewage Works and Sewage Treatment Plants……….……….…….pp.27-28
Section 75: Septic Tanks………………………….…………………………………………………..…………..………….…..p.28
References…………..………………………….…………………………………………………..…………..………….………………p.29

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 I. National Building Code of the Philippines

What is National Building Code of the Philippines?

The National Building Code of the Philippines is a law that aims to answer the growing
demand for urbanization. Because as more economic enterprises move towards the real estate and
industrial sector, there is a growing need for a standardized set of rules and regulations governing the
appropriate building design for safety purposes.

The National Building Code of the Philippines aims to ensure that the developers conform to the
implementation of modern technical knowledge on construction, building design, occupancy,
maintenance and use.

What is Republic Act (R.A.) 6541?

Is an act to ordain and institute a national building code of the Philippines. This was enacted by the
Senate and House of Representatives of the Philippines in congress last August 26, 1972.

What is Presidential Decree (P.D.) 1096?

5 years ago, last Feb. 19, 1997, Former president Ferdinand E. Marcos, ordered a decree of revision
of the R.A 6541. This is when the presidential decree 1096 stated adopting a national building code of
the Philippines hereby revising R.A. 6541 was created.

Purpose of the Revision of R.A. 6541 to PD 1096

1. The country’s accelerating economic and physical development coupled with urbanization
and population growth, makes and imperative the formulation and adoption of a uniform
building code which shall embody up-to-date and modern technical knowledge on building
design, construction, use, occupancy and maintenance;
2. While there is RA No. 6541, entitled, “An Act to Ordain and Institute a National Building Code
of the Philippines, the same does not conform with the developmental goals and
infrastructure program of the government and does not adequately provide for all the
technological requirements of buildings and structures, in terms up-to-date design and
construction standards and criteria;
3. In the formation of new national building code, it is the desire and policy of the government
to avail of and harness the technical expertise and the professional know-how of men, not
only in the public but in private sectors as well.

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Chapter 1: GENERAL PROVISIONS

Section 2: DECLARATION OF POLICY

This code aims to protect and ensure the public welfare. To ensure the safety of the people,
property and the surrounding environment.

Section 3: SCOPE

a. The scope of this IRR shall cover the following disciplines: architectural, civil/structural,
electrical, mechanical, sanitary, plumbing, and electronics. This shall also apply to the design,
location, siting, construction, alteration, repair, conversion, use, occupancy, maintenance,
moving, demolition of, and addition to public and private buildings and structures, except
traditional indigenous family dwellings, and those covered by Batas Pambansa Bilang 220
otherwise known as the “Economic and Socialized Housing Projects”.
b. Existing buildings or structures without appropriate building permits/certificates of occupancy
may be legalized and issued the necessary permits and certificates, provided, they are made
to conform to these rules and regulations. However, they shall be subject to the imposition of
penalties, surcharges, fines and other appropriate measures.
c. The applicable and consistent provisions of the allied professional codes and other
government agency codes as approved by the DPWH Secretary shall serve as the referral
codes of PD 1096 and this IRR.

Section 4: GENERAL BUILDING REQUIREMENTS

a.) All buildings or structures as well as accessory facilities thereto shall conform in all respects to
the principles of safe construction and must be suited to the purpose for which they are
designed.
b.) All buildings or structures intended for manufacturing or production of any kind of article or
product shall observed adequate environmental safeguards.
c.) Buildings or structures and all parts thereof as well as all facilities found therein shall be
maintained in safe, sanitary and good working condition.

Section 5: SITE REQUIREMENTS

The land or site upon which will be constructed any building or structure, or any ancillary or
auxiliary facility thereto, shall be sanitary, hygienic or safe. In case of sites or buildings intended
for use as human habitation or abode, the same shall be at a safe distance, as determined by
competent authorities, from streams or bodies of water and/or sources of air considered to be
polluted; from a volcano or volcanic site and/or any other building considered to be a potential
source of fire or explosion.

Chapter 4: TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION

Section 1: Types of Construction

Type I: shall be of wood construction. The structural elements may be any of the materials
permitted by the Code.

Type II - shall be of wood construction with protective fire-resistant materials and one-
hour fire-resistive throughout, except, that permanent non-bearing partitions may use fire-
retardant treated wood within the framing assembly with one-hour resistivity.

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 Type III - shall be of masonry and wood construction. Structural elements may be any of
the materials permitted by the Code provided, that the building shall be one-hour fire-
resistive throughout. Exterior walls shall be of incombustible fire-resistive construction.

Type IV - shall be steel, iron, concrete, or masonry construction and walls, ceiling and
permanent partitions shall be of incombustible fire-resistive construction, except, that
permanent non-bearing partitions of one-hour fire-resistive construction may use fire-
retardant treated wood within the framing assembly.

Type V - shall be four-hour fire-resistive throughout and the structural elements shall be
of steel, iron, concrete, or masonry construction.

Section 3: Requirements on Type of Construction

1. Fire Resistive Requirements

a. Exterior bearing and non-bearing walls of Types II and III Constructions shall have one
hour fire-resistive rating, while those of Types IV and V shall have four-hour fire-resistive
rating.

b. Interior bearing walls, permanent partitions, floors, and roofs of Types II, III and IV
Construction shall have one-hour fire-resistive rating while those of Type V shall have three
hour fire-resistive rating for bearing walls and one-hour fire-resistive rating for vertical
openings, floors and roofs.

c. Structural frames of Types II and III Construction shall have one-hour fire-resistive
rating, while those of Type IV shall have two-hour fire-resistive rating and those of Type V shall
have three hour fire-resistive rating.

d. Exterior doors and windows shall have one hour fire-resistive rating for all Types. 50

2. Interior Wall and Ceiling Finishes

a. Finishes for interior walls and ceilings of any building shall be classified according to
their flame-spread characteristic using generally accepted engineering standards. The smoke
density shall not be greater than that obtained from burning of untreated wood under similar
conditions when tested in accordance with the “Tunnel Test” in the way intended for use. The
products of combustion shall be no more toxic than the burning of untreated wood under
similar conditions. These finishes include: interior wainscoting, paneling, or other finish
applied structurally or for decoration, acoustical correction, frames and trims of doors and
windows, surface insulation or similar purposes.

b. Requirements for flame-spread characteristics of finishes shall not apply to frames and
trim of doors and windows and to materials which are less than 1.00 millimeter in thickness
cemented to the surface of walls or ceilings.

c. Materials required to be flame-spread proofed shall be treated with a flame-retardant

having a flame-spread of fifty (50) or less as determined by the “Tunnel Test”.

3. Standards for materials use in structural framework, exterior walls and openings, floors,
exits, stairs & roofs shall be governed by the pertinent provision of the Fire Code of the
Philippines.

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Chapter 9: SANITATION

Section 1: General Requirements

Subject to the provisions of Book II of the Civil Code of the Philippines on Property,
Ownership, and its Modification, all buildings hereafter erected, altered, remodeled, relocated or
repaired for human habitation shall be provided with adequate and potable water supply,
plumbing installation, and suitable wastewater treatment or disposal system, storm water
drainage, pest and vermin control, noise abatement device, and such other measures required for
the protection and promotion of health of persons occupying the premises and others living
nearby.

Chapter 12: GENERAL DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS

Section 1: GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

1. Buildings proposed for construction shall comply with all the regulations and
specifications including safety standards embodied in the Administrative Order of DOLE herein
set forth governing quality, characteristics and properties of materials, methods of design and
construction, type of occupancy and classification.

2. The various applicable referral codes shall supplementally guide the planning, design,
layout, content, construction, location/siting, installation and maintenance of all
buildings/structures.

3. For the guidance of the general public, the Secretary shall periodically issue generic lists
of approved, strictly regulated or banned items, procedures, usages and the like relative to
the design, construction and use/occupancy of buildings/structures: a. Materials for
construction; b. Processes for the production of materials, their installation or construction;
c. Procedures/methodologies/systems for both design and construction; d. Organizational
structures/hierarchies for construction; e. Types of occupancy; and f. Classifications relative
to design, construction and occupancy.

4. All buildings/structures shall be placed in or upon private property or duly designated

public land and shall be securely constructed in conformance with the requirements of the
Code.

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 II. ARCHITECTURAL CODE

WHAT IS THE ARCHITECTURAL CODE?

The architectural code is compiled by UNITED ARCHITECTS OF THE PHILIPPINES (UAP) the
bonafide accredited organization of architects under the purview of PD 223 – the Professional
regulation commission law and RA 545 the architect law to serve as a referral code for the
implementation and enforcement of PD 1096-The National Building Code (NBC).

WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF THIS CODE?

The Architectural Code is designed to be compatible and complementary to the provision

of the NBC as it implements rules and regulations. Similarly, with all other referral codes
prescribe under NBC, it is subject to periodic changes without legislative fiat to be in
accordance with universal advancement in science and technology. It prescribes rules and
regulatory measure to ascertain good building design and construction with inherent
consideration and provision for the safety and protection of limb, help, life, property and
general public welfare, within a sound/wholesome environmental setup.

The detailed provisions in this architectural code are designed to be of minimum standard
and compatible with related, internationally accepted, standards.

Chapter 3: PERMIT AND INSPECTIONS

Section 1: Title

a.) Chapter 3, Sections 301 to 309 inclusive of the National Building Code (NBC) is
adapted verbatim in this referral architectural code and shall have mandatory force
and effect as if fully embodied hereunder. Amplifications in any of its original
provisions, objectively to cope-up with the latest advancements in science and
technology shall apply.
b.) No person, firm or corporation, including any agency instrumentality of the
government shall erect, construct, alter, repair, demolish, renovate, move or convert
any building or structure or cause the same to be done without first obtaining a
Building Permit therefor from the Office of the Building Official of the LGU having
jurisdiction over the locality. Government agencies and/or civic projects exempted
from payments of said permits, as provided for in PD 1096-NBS shall mandatorily
acquire the same from OBO of the LGU for purposes of record to ascertain
responsibility for the building’s design and construction under the Law.

Section 2: Application for Building Permit

a.) In order to obtain a building permit, the applicant shall submit an accomplished
Architectural permit duly signed and sealed only by the designing architect.
b.) All plans, specifications, and all other contract documents to be submitted as required
in the processing of the Building Permit shall be signed and sealed by Architect who
prepared them.

Section 3: Processing of Building Permit

a.) The processing of the applicant for a building permit by the architect-in-charge of the
office of the building official (OBO) shall be purely ministerial, to precisely see to it that
Architectural permit is accomplished to the letter.

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 b.) Incomplete information or data in the above architectural shall be returned to the
architect, until satisfactory completions of the said documents. Official issuance of the
building Permit shall be done by the building official upon the recommendation of the
architect in charge.

LAND TITLE

A land title is the evidence of the right of the owner or the extent of his/her interest, and by
which means he/she can maintain control and as a rule assert right to exclusive possession and
enjoyment of the property.

Procedures in Land Registration Case:

• Survey of land by Bureau of lands or duly licensed private surveyor

• Filing of application for registration by applicant
• Setting of date of initial hearing of application by Regional Trial Courts (RTC)
• Clerk of court to transmit to Land Registration Authority the application, date of initial hearing
& other pertinent documents
• Publication of notice of filing of application, date & place of hearing
• Service of notice – contiguous owners, occupants & those who have interest in property
• Filing of answer or opposition to application
• Hearing of case by RTC
• Promulgation of judgment by court
• Issuance of decree by RTC – decision; Instruct land registration authority to issue decree of
confirmation & registration
• Entry of decree of registration in Land Titles Administration
• Send copy of decree to Registry of Deeds
• Transcription of decree of registration in registration book & issuance of the owner’s duplicate
original certificate of title of the applicant by the Land registration Authority – upon payment
of prescribed fees.

SITE DEVELOPMENT PLAN

A Site Development Plan depicts the general layout and configuration of a site,
including building footprints, parking and street layout, conceptual landscaping and lighting,
site cross section drawings, and building elevations.

Purpose:

The intent of the Site Development Plan is to depict the proposed site layout for the
benefit of the public, Planning Commission and Town Council at public hearings (for
Downtown properties at the Design Review Board public hearing). The detail of infrastructure,
utility, storm drainage engineering, and final landscape and irrigation design is submitted later
with the Construction Documents, which is an administrative review process.

Things to consider in Site Development Plan

1. Location on the proposed building on the lot

2. Likes and Dislikes of the Owner
3. Easement

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 4. Landscape Areas
5. Fire Hydrants

Other requirements in Building a Building/Structure under the National Building Code:

1. Qualifications of persons who acquire who can design the building within the area.
2. Structural Design that can be used
3. Lot Sizes for a Certain Type of Buildings
Domestic Building – work associated with the construction, renovation, improvement or
maintenance of a home.
Non-domestic building - This is any property that is not used for living accommodation.
-Domestic Building on Inside Lot – has 70% Limit of Lot occupancy
-Domestic Building on Corner Lot – has 90% Limit of Lot occupancy
-Non-Domestic Building on Inside Lot – has 90% Limit of Lot Occupancy
-Non-Domestic Building on Corner Lot – has 95% Limit of Lot Occupancy

Types of Lot

Inside Lot – surrounded on each side by other lots.

Through Lot – lot having frontage on two public streets or highway.
Corner Lot – lot with two adjacent sides meeting on the corner of two streets.
Open Lot – bounded by streets or pathways on all sides.

Zoning Laws - It is the way the community controls the physical development of a land and the use of
property in the city.

Zoning Laws Regulates our Properties in Different Aspects:

1. Land Use
Categorized in 4:
- Single Family Residential
- Multi-family Residential
- Commercial
- Industrial
2. Building Height
3. Set Back
4. Lot Coverage
5. Density

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R-1 Classification: Low Density
Ex. Single attached

R-2 Classification: Medium Density

Ex. Single attached: duplex

-allowed to put firewall on one side only

- two side setback is optional

In R-2 Classification Minimum Requirements:

In R-2 Classification Maximum Requirements:

8 meters front yard setback-> 5m for Parking, 3m front yard

R-3 Classification:

Ground Floor Plan Two/more Floor Plan

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R-3 Classification: High Density

Ex. Raw houses

-two sides & rear yard setbacks are optional

In Maximum Requirements:

R-4 Classification: Medium to High Density

Ex. Townhouse

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R-5 Classification: Very High Density Note:
Ex. Condominium Buildings -In mixed used buildings, if 55% of the
Gross Floor Area is commercially
used, commercial setback must be
followed.
-Side & Rear Yard setbacks are
optional (allowed to put firewall),
provided, the given conditions are
conformed: 1.50 meters setback on
the front yard must be left open for
transition.

There are allowed variants from Section 11: Exemptions, which states that setbacks are allowed to not
be followed if unique properties are conformed. These properties have special conditions like shape
irregularity. It’s the architect’s job to make a plan that will be presented to the authorities, showing
that these variants are will not cause harm to the health, safety, and welfare of the users when
minimum setbacks are not followed.

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 III. STRUCTURAL CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES

INTRODUCTION

The new National Structural Code of the Philippines (NSCP) is designed to meet these
needs through various models codes/regulations. Generally form the United States, to
safeguard the public health and safety nationwide. It is founded on broad based principles
that make possible the use of new materials and new building.

CHAPTER 1 – GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

Section 101. Purpose

The purpose of this is to provide for public health and safety by establishing minimum
requirements for strength, stability, serviceability, durability and integrity of concrete structures.

Section 102. Definition

For the purpose of this code, certain terms, phrase, words, and their derivatives shall be
constructed and specified in this chapter and elsewhere in this code where specific definitions are
provided.

• ALTER or ALTERATION – is any changes, addition or modification in construction or occupancy.

• COMPACTION – is the densification of a fill by mechanical or chemical means.
• CONSTRUCTION FAILURE – is a failure that occurs during construction and they are considered
to be either a collapse or distress of a structural system to such a degree that it cannot safety
serve its extended purpose.
• EXCAVATION – is a mechanical removal of earth material.
• EROSION – is the wearing away of the ground surface as a result of the movement of wind
and water.
• FAILURE – is defined as an unacceptable difference between expected and observed
performance.
• OCCUPANCY – is the purpose for which a building or other structure or part thereof, is use or
intended to be used.

Section 103. Applicability

This chapter shall apply to concrete structures designed and constructed under the
requirements of general building code.
Design and construction of structural concrete slabs cast on stay in place, non-composite steel
deck are governed by this chapter.

Section 104. Classification of Structure

There are two structure and category under classification of structure, the Essential
Facility category and Special Occupancy Category.

• School buildings of more than one story, hospitals, designated evacuation center, and
other structures are under the essential facilities category.

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 • Churches, mosque, and other related religious structures are under special occupancy
category.

Section 105. Design Requirements

The provision for deflection of any structural member under the service ability. These
requirement for concrete in steel.
Design requirements are the functional attributes that enable the team to convert
ideas into design features. The origin of a product's design requirements depends on whether
the product is designed by a Type I or Type II company. The design requirements for a Type I
product are based on the wants and needs of the intended customer.

Section 106. Building Official

Building official shall have the right to order testing of any material use in concrete
construction to determine if the materials specified.
• Action and decisions by the building official affects only the specific jurisdiction and
do not change this code.
• All references in this chapter to the building official shall be understood to mean the
person who administer and enforce this code.

Section 107. Licensed Designed Professional

All reference in this code to the licensed designed professional shall be understood to
mean the person who is licensed and responsible for, and in charge of the structural designed or
inspection.

CHAPTER 2 - MINIMUM DESIGNED LOADS

Section 203. Combination of Loads

A load combination results when more than one load type acts on the structure.

• The load factors and load combination are revise particularly the load combination
including the wind loads.

Section 205. Live Loads and Dead Loads

• Live load is a civil engineering term for a load that is not constants, but changes over time.
• Dead loads are gravity loads of constant magnitudes and fixed positions that act permanently
on the structure. Such loads consist of the weights of the structural system itself and of all
other material and equipment permanently attached to the structural system.

• Additional loads are incorporated for minimum and concentrated loads particularly the
parking garage and ramp live load.

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 Section 207. Wind Loads

Wind loads are randomly applied dynamic loads. The intensity of the wind pressure
on the surface of a structure depends on wind velocity, air density, orientation of the
structure, area of contact surface, and shape of the structure.

In this edition three different contour maps for the entire Philippine archipelago are
generated and provided for determining the basic wind speed for different categories of
building occupancy.

• Strength designed wind load factor is 1.0.

• Whereas , allowable stress designed wind loads factor is 0.6
• Generally basic wind speed correspond to 3%, 7% and 15% it the probability of
exceeding in along years.
• Directional procedure for building of all heights
• Envelope procedure for low rise buildings

o Directional procedure for other structures and building appurtenances and analytical
procedure for components and cladding,
o And wind tunnel procedure.

Section 208. Earthquake Loads

The earthquake load is a ‘dynamic load’, which means it brings about the vibration of
structures. Other loads such as dead, live, and snow loads generally act on structures very slowly and
do not cause any rapid movement or vibration.

o The source factors for 2km distance from a causative fault is included in addition to
5lm -10 km – 15km distance and beyond 15km distance.

CHAPTER 3 - EARTHWORKS AND FOUNDATIONS

Earthworks and foundation engineering Earth works is needed for many construction projects
and it plays a particularly important role in infrastructure construction.

• The section on footing is amended to incorporate provision for differential settlement.

• The section on pile foundation is amended to incorporate new provision on splicing of
concrete pile.
• The section on special foundation, slope stabilization and materials of construction are added.
• The figure for fill slope has been amended for clarity and some provision has been modified.
• A table on the minimum required number of boreholes has been added to the section on
foundation investigation.
• The section on excavation and fills has been amended to incorporate provision for
• Scouring and erosion protection as well as support of excavation open cuts.
• Provision pertaining to general pile requirements have been expand to include design of piles
and pile groups subjected to lateral loads.
CHAPTER 4. – STRUCTURAL CONCRETE

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 Structural concrete is a type of concrete used in the building process as part of the structure
or used to carry part of the structure’s load. It’s different from poured concrete, commonly used for
paving driveways. That’s because we use structural concrete to build a structure with many
components and loads from various angles.
• To in line with this, it will reflected which contained a number of significant technical
changes, which was some organization adopted this changes from the old edition of the
organization. The latest edition was reorganized as a member based on the documents.
Particularly member type, such as beam, columns, or slab which are separated to sub-
section to all requirements to be able to design well for that particular member type.

▪ Section 401. – general

It is the general information regarding the scope and applicability of NSCP 2015. Is provided
additional sub-section on interpretation is include to help user’s better understanding.

▪ Section 404 – Structural System Requirements

This section contains Sub-section on materials, design load, structural system
and load paths, structural analysis, strength, serviceability, durability, sustainability, structural
integrity, fire resistance, requirements of specific types of construction, construction and
inspection, and strength evaluation of existing structure.

▪ Section 405.- Loads

The following modification has been made in the provision for live loads
reduction.
A weight or mass that is supported: the load on an arch. The overall force to which a
structure is subjected in supporting a weight or mass or in resisting externally applied forces.
Something that is carried, as by a vehicle, person, or animal.

▪ Section 406. Diaphragm

Is a horizontal or sloped system acting to transmit lateral forces to vertical elements of
the lateral force-resisting system.

For the first time, a new section 406, added designed provision for diaphragms in
buildings constructed in areas of low seismicity. The new section applies to the designed of
non-presented and prestressed diaphragm including:

a. Diaphragm that are cast in place slab

b. Diaphragm that comprise a cast in place topping slab on precast elements
c. Diaphragm that comprise precast elements with end strips formed by either a cast in
place concrete topping slab or edge beam
d. Diaphragm of interconnected precast elements without cast in place concrete topping.

▪ Section 408. Structural Analysis

Structural analysis comprises the set of mechanics theories that obey physical laws required
to study and predict the behavior of structures. The subjects of structural analysis are engineering
artifacts whose integrity is judged largely on their ability to withstand loads.

▪ Section 409. Two-Way-Slabs and One way slab

Two-way slabs are extensively used in multi-story and commercial buildings.

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 o In two-way slab, the load is carried in both directions. The deflected shape of the one-
way slab is cylindrical. Whereas the deflected shape of the two-way slab is a dish or
saucer-like shape. Whereas two-way slabs are used in constructive floors of the
multistory building.
o One way slab can be defined as the type of slab in which the ratio of the longer span
to the shorter span is greater than two. Mathematically; In other words, the one-way
slab is supported by beams in such a way that the load is carried along one direction.
✓ A one way slab is defined for functions of the book as a flexural member with thickness small
relative to other dimensions, supporting (gravity) loads applied normal to and directly above
its surface, a span in one direction between parallel supports, and fortified for flexure in this
direction only.

TYPES OF TWO WAY SLAB

There are 3 types of two-way slabs. They are:

1. Two Way Solid Slab (with beams).

This slab can be used for a wide variety of loading systems. It is suitable for small to large-
scale constructions.

2. Two Way Waffle Slab (with beams)

This slab system is used for office buildings (low rise), warehouses, parking structures, etc.

3. Two Way Waffle Slab (with Integral Beams)

This slab system is provided with a greater span as compared to the solid slab. It is suitable
for modular constructions.

▪ Section 412. Beams

Is a member subjected primarily to flexural and shear, with or without axial force or
torsion. Beam in a moment frame that forms part of the lateral force resisting system.

▪ Section 418. Earthquake Resistant Structures

Designed. To protect buildings to some or greater extent from earthquakes. While no

structure can be entirely immune to damage from earthquakes, the goal
of earthquake-resistant construction is to erect structures that fare better
during seismic activity than their conventional counterparts

▪ Section 426. Construction Documents and Inspection

In this section, the user will, probably require to used, the following.

a. Designed information that licensed designed professional shall specify in the

construction documents.
b. Compliance requirements that the licensed designed professional shall specify in
the construction documents.

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 c. Inspection requirements that the licensed designed professional shall specify in the
construction documents.
d.
CHAPTER 5. STRUCTURAL STEEL

Structural steel is used in construction or building projects. In its most basic definition,
structural steel is defined as steel shaped for use in construction, but that doesn’t give a very clear
picture of what structural steel actually is. As your premier local structural steel company in Indiana,
we wanted to help give you a clearer understanding of what sets structural steel apart from other
forms of fabricated steel by covering its two main characteristics: composition and shape.

CHAPTER 6. WOOD
The provision of this chapter shall govern the material, design, construction and quality
of wood members and their fastener.

- All stumps and roots shall be remove from the soil to a depth of at least 300 mm below the
surface of the ground in the area to be occupied by the building.

CHAPTER 7. MASONRY
Masonry is a construction method that uses individual units, like brick and stone, bound
together with mortar. It is one of the most durable construction techniques in the world, and it has
been popular for centuries. Although it is remarkably durable, masonry does still wear down over time
and is often in need of repair or restoration.
- Quality assurance shall be provide to ensure that materials, construction and workmanship
comply with the plans and specification and the applicable requirements of this chapter.
When required inspection record shall be maintained and made available to the building
official.

IV. THE PHILIPPINE ELECTRICAL CODE

What is meant by this Republic Act?

R.A. 7920 is an act providing for a more responsive and comprehensive regulation for the
practice, licensing and registration of electrical engineers and electricians. This Act which is a
consolidation of House Bill No. 11063 and Senate Bill No. 1766 was finally passed by the House of
Representatives and the Senate on February 21, 1995 and was approved by (Sgd.) EDGARDO E.
TUMANGAN, Secretary of the Senate and (Sgd.) CAMILO L. SABIO, Secretary General of the House of
Representatives on February 24, 1995.

OBJECTIVES

a) Safe Use of Electricity

to establish basic materials quality and electrical work standards for the safe use of
electricity for light, heat, power, communications, signaling and for other purposes.

b) Adequacy

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 Strict compliance with the provisions of this Code will ensure safety in electrical
installation and construction, but not necessarily efficient, convenient, or adequate for good
service or future expansion of electrical use.

SCOPE OF THE PHILIPPINE ELECTRICAL CODE

PEC covers the electric conductors including optical fiber cable and installed within or
on, to or from:

1. Public and private 7. Yards, carnival, parking, 13. Offshore facilities

buildings etc.
14. Other premises which
2. Electrical generating 8. Watercraft requires electrical
plants installation except to those
9. Dockyards
which are done in;
3. Temporary and
10. Airfields
permanent substations a) Aircraft
11. Quarries and mines
4. Industrial plants b) motor vehicles
12. Mobile homes, travel
5. Transformer stations c) railway rolling stocks
trailers and recreational
6. Railway switchyards vehicles

V. FIRE CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES (2008)

What is meant by this Republic Act?

It is the policy of the State to ensure public safety, promote economic development
through the prevention and suppression of all kinds, of destructive fires, and promote the
professionalization of the fire service as a profession. Towards this end, the State shall enforce
all laws, rules and regulations to ensure adherence to standard fire prevention and safety
measures, and promote accountability in the fire protection and prevention service.

What is meant by this Presidential Decree?

Any building or structure declared as a firetrap or is causing clear and present fire
danger to adjoining establishments and habitations shall be declared a public nuisance, as
defined in the Civil Code of the Philippines.

How would the authorities apply the law prior to the Presidential Decree and the Republic Act?

Repealed by the Republic Act No.9514 on August 26, 1977, Here are the sections that
provides knowledge and inform on how to use this Law appropriately prior to the Presidential
Decree:

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 It is stated in Section 4. Applicability Of The Code. The provisions of the Fire Code shall
apply to all persons and all private and public buildings, facilities or structures erected or
constructed before and after its effectivity.

Section 5. Grace Period.

The owner, administrator or occupant of buildings or structures existing at the time

of the effectivity of the Fire Code is given two (2) years to comply with the provisions thereof
on fire safety constructions and on protective and warning systems. However, the Director
General of the Integrated National Police may prescribe a shorter period depending upon the
degree of hazard to be recorded and the cost and extent of the work to be done.

Section 6. Responsibility for the Enforcement of this Code

Responsibility for the Enforcement of this Code. The Fire Service, under the direct
supervision and control of the Director General of the Integrated National Police, hereinafter
referred to as the "Director General" shall be responsible for the enforcement of this Code, as
well as pertinent provisions of other laws pertaining to fire protection or fire safety. With the
approval of the Secretary of National Defense, the Director General is hereby authorized to:

a) Issue implementing rules and regulations, and prescribe administrative penalties therefore;
b) Reorganize the Fire Service of the Integrated National Police as may be necessary and
appropriate;
c) Enter into long term agreement, either through public biddings or negotiations to include
advance payments therefor, for the acquisition of fire prevention, fire protection and fire
fighting equipment, supplies and materials and related technical services necessary for the
Fire Service; and
d) Enter into Memoranda of Agreement with other departments, bureaus, agencies, offices and
corporations of the government, as well as private institutions, in order to define areas of
corporation and coordination and delineate responsibility on fire prevention education, fire
safety, fire prevention, fire suppression and other matters of common concern.

VI. NATIONAL PLUMBING CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES

THE PLUMBING CODE

The improper installation of plumbing may affect the health of the occupants of a
building and create a center point for the spread of disease. The possibility is of sufficient
public interests to require the regulation of plumbing by law. The right of the government to
regulate the details of plumbing is based on the principle of the protection of public health.
The basic goal of the National Plumbing Code of the Philippines is to ensure the qualified
observance of the latest provision of the plumbing and environmental laws.

22 Basic Principles of National Plumbing Code of the Philippines

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1. CLEAN WATER- All the Premises made for human use or habitation shall be provided with
the supply of pure and water, neither connected to unsafe water supply nor subject to
backflow or back- siphonage.

2. VOLUME AND PRESSURE- Plumbing fixtures, devices and appurtenances shall be supplied
with water in sufficient volume and pressure adequate to function satisfactorily and without
undue noise.

3. EFFIECIENCY- Plumbing system shall be designed and adjusted to use the minimum quantity
of water consistent with proper performance and cleaning.

4. EXPLOSION- Devices which are used for heating and storing water shall be designed and
installed in such a manner so as to prevent dangers from explosion through overheating.

5. SEWER- Every building located on a street, alley or easement with a public sewer shall have
its plumbing fixtures to the sewer system.

6. PLUMBING UNIT- Each family dwelling unit shall have minimum of one water closet, kitchen
type sink, a bathtub or shower to fulfill the basic requirements of sanitation and personal
hygiene.

7. VENTILATION- Plumbing fixtures should be made of smooth non-absorbent material and

they should be free from concealed fouling surfaces and they must be located in ventilated
enclosures.

8. CLEANOUTS- The drainage system shall be designed, constructed and maintained to

prevent the fouling, deposit of solids, clogging and with adequate cleanouts so arranged that
the pipes may be readily leaned.

9. NAMPAP: (National Master Plumbers Association of the Philippines) -All piping shall be
made of durable NAMPAP approved materials. They should be free from defective
workmanship and should be designed and constructed by skilled Plumbers to ensure
satisfactory service.

10. TRAP- Every plumbing fixture connected directly to the drainage system shall be equipped
with a water-sealed trap.

11. AIR CIRCULATION- The piping system of drainage pipes shall be designed to provide
adequate circulation of free air from siphonage aspiration.

12. VENT TERMINALS- Vent terminals shall extend to the outer air and installed to prevent
clogging and the return of foul air to the building.

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 13. TEST- Plumping systems shall be subjected to such tests to effectively disclose all leaks and
defects in the workmanship

14. SEWAGE HARM- The materials which will clog or choke the pipes and produce explosive
mixtures or destroy the pipes or their joints or interfere unduly with the sewage-disposal
process shall not be allowed to enter the building drainage system.

15. CONTAMINATION- Proper protection shall be used to prevent spoilage of food, water,
sterile goods and similar materials by backflow of sewage. When necessary, the fixture, device
or appliance shall be connected indirectly with the building drainage system.

16. WATER CLOSET- Which are not properly ventilated and lighted should not be used in any
compartment or room.

17. SEPTIC TANK- Tank should be constructed if there is no provision for disposal of sewage in
a certain area or building.

18. SEWAGE BACKFLOW-Where a plumbing system and drainage system may be subject to
backflow of sewage, suitable provision shall be made to prevent its overflow in the building.

19. RMP- Plumbing system and drainage system shall be maintained in serviceable condition
by skilled Plumbers (Registered Master Plumber).

20. ACCESSIBLE- All plumbing fixtures shall be installed properly spaced, to be accessible for
their intended use.

21. STRUCTURAL STABILITY- Plumbing system shall be installed with due regard to the
preservation of the strength of structural members and the prevention of damage to walls
and other surfaces through fixture usage.

22. SEWAGE TREATMENT- Sewage or other waste from plumbing systems, which may be
dangerous to surface or sub-surface waters shall not be discharged into the ground or into
any waterway, unless they are properly treated.

VII. CODE ON SANITATION

The health of the people, being of paramount importance, all efforts of public services should be
directed towards the protection and promotion of health. The advance in the field of sanitation in
recent years, there arises the need for updating and codifying our scattered sanitary laws to ensure
that the are in keeping with modern standards of sanitation and provide a handy reference and
guide for their enforcement;
Objectives:
Direct public health services towards protection and promotion of the health of the Filipinos
CHAPTER II. WATER SUPPLY

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Sec. 10

a. Sites of water sources before their construction;

b. Plans and specifications of water systems of subdivisions and projects prior to the
construction of housing units thereat; and

Sec. 11. Types of Water Examinations Required. - The following examinations are required for drinking
water:

a. Initial examination - The physical, chemical and bacteriological examinations of water from
newly constructed systems or sources are required before they are operated and opened for
public use. Examination of water for possible radioactive contamination should also be done
initially.

b. Periodic examination - Water from existing sources is subject to bacteriological

examination as often as possible but the interval shall not be longer than six months, while
general systematic chemical examination shall be conducted every 12 months or oftener.
Examination of water sources shall be conducted yearly for possible radioactive
contamination.

CHAPTER III. FOOD ESTABLISHMENT

Sec. 14. Sanitary Permit. –

a. No person or entity shall operate a food establishment for public patronage without
securing a permit from the local health office.

b. Every Sanitary Permit shall be posted in a conspicuous place of the establishment.

The record shall in every case show the following:

a) The name and address of the holder of the permit who in every case shall be the actual
occupier of the establishment:
b) The location of the establishment;
c) The purpose or purposes for which the permit has been issued;
d) The date the first permit was issued and the dates of any renewal thereof.
e) Every change of occupation and management of the establishment since the first permit
was issued; and
f) Conditions under which the permit was issued or any renewal thereof granted; The record
shall be available at all reasonable times for inspection by any officer of the Department
of Health.

Sec. 17. Structural Requirements.

- Food establishments shall be constructed in accordance with the following requirements:

1. No person shall use any room or place for or in connection with the preparation, storage,
handling or sale of any article of food
2. No sanitary permit shall be issued for any premises to be used for the preparation, handling
and sale of food unless it is constructed in accordance with the following requirements:
a. Floors - The Floors shall be
Constructed of concrete or other impervious and easily cleaned material that is resistant
to wear and corrosion and shall be adequately graded and drained.
b. Walls

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 i. The internal surface of walls shall have a smooth, even, non-absorbent surface
capable of being readily cleaned without damage to the surface and constructed
of dust-proof materials;
ii. The walls, where subject to wetting or splashing, shall be constructed of
impervious, non-absorbent materials
c. Ceilings
i. All ceilings or, if no ceiling is provided, the entire under-surface of the roof shall
be dust-proof and washable.
ii. The ceiling or under-surface of the roof of rooms in which food is prepared or
packed or in which utensils or hands are washed shall be smooth, non-absorbent
and light colored.
d. Lighting- The general standards of illumination provided shall permit effective inspection
and cleaning and shall be sufficient intensity appropriate to the purpose for which any room
or place is used
e. Ventilation
i. Ventilation shall be provided which shall be effective and suitable to maintain
comfortable condition.
ii. The ventilation shall be adequate to prevent the air from becoming excessively
heated, prevent condensation and the formation of excess moisture on walls,
ceilings and for the removal of objectionable odors, fumes and impurities;
iii. In the absence of effective natural ventilation, mechanical ventilation with airflow
from a clean area, and discharging in such manner as not to create a nuisance,
shall be provided
e. Overcrowding – There shall be sufficient floor space to enable every person working
thereon to carry out his duties efficiently and to permit easy access for cleaning.
Sec. 31. Evaluation of Food Establishment.

- It shall be the duty of the Provincial, Municipal or City Health Officer to cause an inspection
and evaluation of every food establishment requiring a permit for its operations, at least every six
months.

a) Service of Notice - In the event within the time stated in the notice, the terms of the first
notice are not complied with, the Health Officer may cause to be served on the holder of the
permit, the manager or occupier a second notice calling on him to show cause, at all time and
place stated in the notice, why the permit issued in respect of the food establishment should
not be revoked.
b) Revocation of Permits - After prior notice and hearing as provided above, the Health Officer,
if satisfied that the terms of the notices have not been complied with or that the failure to
comply therewith is not excusable, shall revoke the said permit.
c) Summary Suspension of Permits - Whenever the Provincial, Municipal or City Health Officer
finds unsanitary or unhealthy conditions in the operation of a food establishment which in his
judgment constitute a substantial hazard to the public health, the Health Officer may order
the immediate suspension of the permit.
d) Protection of Food – Notwithstanding the other provisions of this regulation relating to the
issuance of permit, every person who is engaged in the sale of food or in the manufacture,
preparation, storage, packing or delivery of food for sale shall protect such food from
contamination.

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 e) Power of Entry - Any sanitary Inspector or duly authorized officer of the DOH may enter any
premises engaged in the manufacture, preparation, or packing of any article of food for sale
or any premises used for any of the purposes referred to in this Code for the purpose of
inspection or any other action necessary for administration of this Code.

Sec. 32. Special Provisions. –

a) Groceries or "Sari-Sari'"Stores
• No grocery or sari-sari store shall be established within a distance of 25 meters from
any source of contamination.
• All foods which require no further cooking before they are eaten shall be protected
from contamination while in countries or showcases.
b) Bakeries –
• Delivery trucks and carts of bakery products shall always be kept clean and sanitary.
c) Dairies –
• No dairy shall keep unhealthy or infected cows, carabaos or goats for the production
of mild, or feed them unwholesome food which produces impure or unwholesome
mild.
• No animals used for the production of milk shall be allowed to graze on land which
has been contaminated by radioactivity.
d) Ice Plants –
• Only potable water shall be used in the manufacture of ice.
• In storing and transporting ice intended for public consumption, precautionary
measures shall be taken to protect the ice from sources of contamination.
e) Ambulant Food Vendors –
• These vendors shall sell only bottled food drinks, biscuits and confectioneries.
f) Oyster beds –
• Oysters shall be planted and grown only in areas approved by the Secretary or his duly
authorized representatives and in places duly licensed by the Bureau of Fisheries and
Aquatic Resources.
g) Fish Marketing Areas –
• Only fresh and wholesome fish products shall be sold.
• The selling, distribution and buying of fish caught through the use of explosives and
chemicals are prohibited.

CHAPTER VI - SCHOOL SANITARY AND HEALTH SERVICES

Sec. 41. The Physical Environment. - In the design and construction of the school plant, the
following factors shall be considered:
a. Site - Traffic hazards are to be avoided but not to the point of sacrificing accessibility to
public transportation.
b. Grounds - The acreage shall be large enough to permit playgrounds, athletic fields and
school gardens.
c. Building - Preferably it shall be constructed of strong and durable materials and designed
along functional lines.
d. Sanitary Facilities - the school population shall be provided with potable water, sewage and
waste disposal systems shall likewise conform to the requirements shall prescribed in this
Code.

26
 Sec. 42. The Emotional Environment. - For the promotion of emotional health of the school
population the following requirements shall be observed:
a. Suitable Location - the school site shall be located away from the disturbances and places
which give undesirable influence.
b. Recreational Facilities - The school must have safe and attractive playgrounds and adequate
facilities for suitable sports and games.
c. Rest Rooms - facilities shall be provided where faculty members can rest and get short
respite from teaching chores.
CHAPTER XVI - Vermin Control

Sec. 69. Definition of Terms. - As used in this Chapter, the following terms shall mean:

a. Place - Land, building, residence, pier, watercraft, aircraft or any means of

conveyance.

b. Vermin - A group of insects or small animals such as flies, mosquitoes, cockroaches,

fleas, lice, bedbugs, mice and rats which are vectors of diseases.

Sec. 70. General Requirements. –

a. A vermin abatement program shall be maintained in places by their owners,

operators or administrators. If they fail, neglect or refuse to maintain a vermin abatement
program, the local health agency will undertake the work at their expense.

b. Vermin control in public places shall be the responsibility of the provincial, city or
municipal governments which have jurisdiction over them.

c. The procedure and frequency of vermin abatement program shall be determined

and approved by the local health authority.

CHAPTER XVII - SEWAGE COLLECTION AND DISPOSAL, EXCRETA DISPOSAL AND DRAINAGE.
Sec. 72. Scope of Supervision of the Department. - The approval of the Secretary or his duly
authorized representative is required in the following matters:
a. Construction of any approved type of toilet for every house including community
toilet which may be allowed for a group of small houses of light materials or
temporary in nature;
b. Plans of individual sewage disposal system and the sub-surface absorption system, or
other treatment device;
c. Location of any toilet or sewage disposal system in relation to a source of water
supply;
d. Plans, design data and specifications of a new or existing sewerage system or sewage
treatment plant;
e. The discharge of untreated effluent of septic tanks and or sewage treatment plants to
bodies of water;
f. Manufacture of septic tanks; and
g. Method of disposal of sludge from septic tanks or other treatment plants.
Sec. 74. Requirements in the operation of Sewerage Works and Sewage Treatment Plants.

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 - The following are required for sewerage works and sewage treatment plants:
a. All houses covered by the system shall be connected to the sewer in areas where a
sewerage system is available.
b. Outfalls discharging effluent from a treatment plant shall be carried to the channel of
the steam or to deep water where the outlet is discharged.
c. Storm water shall discharged to a storm sewer, sanitary sewage shall be discharged
to a sewerage only; but this should not prevent the installation of a combined system.
d. Properly designed grease traps shall be provided for sewers from restaurants or other
establishments where the sewerage carries a large amount of grease.
Sec. 75. Septic Tanks.
1. It shall be generally rectangular in shape. When a number of compartments are used,
the first compartment shall have the capacity from one-half to two-thirds of the total
volume of the tank.
2. It shall be built of concrete, whether pre-cast or poured in place. Brick, concrete blocks
or adobe may be used.
3. It shall not be constructed under any building and within 25 meters from any source
of water supply.

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ChanRoblesGroup (1972, August 26). Republic Act No. 6541. The National Building Code of the
Philippines

https://www.chanrobles.com/republicactno6541.htm#.Y0pqgNdBy5c

DPWH. Adopting a National Building Code of the Philippines Thereby Revising Republic Act Numbered
Sixty-five Hundred Forty-One

https://dpwh.gov.ph/dpwh/node/16376

Christopher Mercado (2021). Complete Setback Rules for Residential in the Philippines/PD 1096
Section 804

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QrbLvd-I300

United-architects.org (November 1999). Architectural Code of the Philippines

https://united-architects.org/assets/files/media-files/Architectural%20Code.pdf

DPWH. Adopting a National Building Code of the Philippines Thereby Revising Republic Act Numbered
Sixty-Fixe Hundred Forty-One

https://www.dpwh.gov.ph/DPWH/files/nbc/PD.pdf

Casupanan, C. et al. (1999). Revised National Plumbing Code of the Philippines. Philconprises.
https://philconprises.com/wp-content/.uploads/2018/10/188188-Revised-National-
Plumbing-Code-of-the-Philippines.pdf
Vicky (2019, March 6). Plumbing System Basic and Important Principles. Civil Engineering Notes.
https://civilengineeringnotes.com/plumbing-system-principles
Electrician Philippines. (2022). Philippine Electrical Code Summary. Retrieved October 14, 2022, from

https://www.electricianphilippines.com/2021/06/philippine-electrical
codesummary.html?m=1

(P.D. no.1185) Retrieved October 14, 2022

https://lawphil.net/statutes/presdecs/pd1977/pd_1185_1977.html

Republic act no. 9514: Govph. (2008, December 19). Retrieved October 14, 2022, from

https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2008/12/19/republic-act-no-9514/

Office of the President (1975). “The Code on Sanitation of the Philippines”. Supreme Court E-library.

https://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/thebookshelf/showdocs/26/15313

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