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    Week 11 L1

    Uploaded by

    Venkat Reddi
    Here are parametric equations for a circle of radius r centered at (a, b): (x − a)2 + (y − b)2 = r2 (x = a + r cos t y = b + r sin t) Where t ranges from 0 to 2π. Example: Parametrise the ellipse with equation (x − a)2/a2 + (y − b)2/b2 = 1 where a and b are the semi-major and semi-minor axes.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Week 11 L1

    Uploaded by

    Venkat Reddi
    30 views8 pages
    Here are parametric equations for a circle of radius r centered at (a, b): (x − a)2 + (y − b)2 = r2 (x = a + r cos t y = b + r sin t) Where t ranges from 0 to 2π. Example: Parametrise the ellipse with equation (x − a)2/a2 + (y − b)2/b2 = 1 where a and b are the semi-major and semi-minor axes.

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    MATH1052

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    Week11L1

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    Here are parametric equations for a circle of radius r centered at (a, b): (x − a)2 + (y − b)2 = r2 (x = a + r cos t y = b + r sin t) Where t ranges from 0 to 2π. Example: Parametrise the ellipse with equation (x − a)2/a2 + (y − b)2/b2 = 1 where a and b are the semi-major and semi-minor axes.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    30 views8 pages

    Week 11 L1

    Uploaded by

    Venkat Reddi
    Here are parametric equations for a circle of radius r centered at (a, b): (x − a)2 + (y − b)2 = r2 (x = a + r cos t y = b + r sin t) Where t ranges from 0 to 2π. Example: Parametrise the ellipse with equation (x − a)2/a2 + (y − b)2/b2 = 1 where a and b are the semi-major and semi-minor axes.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 8

    210 5.

    PARAMETRISATION OF CURVES AND LINE INTEGRALS

    5 Parametrisation of Curves and Line Integrals

    Stewart covers parametrisation in Chapters 10 and (some of) 12 (Chapters 10 and


    (some of) 12). There are some features of Matlab, especially plotting, that will work
    with parametric forms.

    5.1 Parametrisation of Curves

    Imagine some curve in the xy-plane, for example, x2 + 2y 2 = 1 or 3x + y = 2. One


    way to think of the curve is as the trajectory of a moving particle, such that at time
    t the particle is at the point (x(t), y(t)) on the curve. In other words, we describe
    the curve by (
    x = f (t)
    y = g(t).
    Such equations for the curve are called parametric equations, and the auxiliary
    variable t, is called a parameter. The functions f and g are said to provide a
    parametrisation of the curve.

    t 2 > t1

    (f (t2 ), g(t2 ))
    (f (t1 ), g(t1 ))

    Before we look at some examples, it should be clear from our mental picture of a
    moving particle that a parametrisation of a curve is not unique. For example,
    (
    x = F (t)
    y = G(t),

    where, say F (t) = f (3 t) and G(t) = g(3 t), is another parametrisation of the
    same curve; we simply have changed the velocity and initial (i.e., t = 0) position of
    the imaginary particle.
    5.1. PARAMETRISATION OF CURVES 211

    5.1.1 Sketching parametric curves

    Example: Sketch the curve parametrised as


    (
    x = t2 2t
    y = t + 1.
    Give an equation for the curve in terms of just the Cartesian coordinates x and y
    and give two alternative parametrisations of the curve.
    212 5. PARAMETRISATION OF CURVES AND LINE INTEGRALS

    Sometimes one has reasons to restrict t to a finite interval. In general, the curve
    with parametric equations
    (
    x = f (t)
    atb
    y = g(t)

    starts at the point (f (a), g(a)) and finishes at the point (f (b), g(b)). One has to be
    careful though, since even a finite time-interval can still give rise to an infinitely-long
    curve.
    (
    x = t2 2t
    Example: Sketch the curve 0  t  4.
    y =t+1
    5.1. PARAMETRISATION OF CURVES 213

    (
    x = t cos t ⇡
    Example: Sketch the Archimedean spiral given by 0t
    y = t sin t 2
    and verify that it may also be described by x + y = arctan2 (y/x).
    2 2

    If you like spirals you could also try to sketch


    8 8 cos t
    > cos t > (
    <x = <x = p x=e t
    cos t
    t t > 0; t t > 0; t 2 R.
    > sin t > sin t y=e t
    sin t
    :y = :y = p
    t t
    For the true connoisseurs there even is the amazing Cornu spiral; who said maths
    couldn’t be fun? 8 Z t
    >
    >
    <x = cos(s2 )ds
    0Z t > 0.
    t
    >
    > 2
    :y = sin(s )ds,
    0
    214 5. PARAMETRISATION OF CURVES AND LINE INTEGRALS

    5.1.2 Parametrising circles and ellipses

    Example: Parametrise the circle of radius r centered at (a, b).

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