This document discusses the differences between load bearing structures and reinforced concrete (RCC) structures. It also covers building orientation, building by-laws, and guidance for planning house layouts.
Load bearing structures transfer load through walls to foundations, while RCC structures transfer load from slabs to beams and columns to foundations. Building orientation considers passive solar strategies like daylighting. Building by-laws set health and safety standards, while building codes specify construction minimums. Guidance is provided for arranging rooms by use, size, ventilation, and direction within a residential house.
This document discusses the differences between load bearing structures and reinforced concrete (RCC) structures. It also covers building orientation, building by-laws, and guidance for planning house layouts.
Load bearing structures transfer load through walls to foundations, while RCC structures transfer load from slabs to beams and columns to foundations. Building orientation considers passive solar strategies like daylighting. Building by-laws set health and safety standards, while building codes specify construction minimums. Guidance is provided for arranging rooms by use, size, ventilation, and direction within a residential house.
This document discusses the differences between load bearing structures and reinforced concrete (RCC) structures. It also covers building orientation, building by-laws, and guidance for planning house layouts.
Load bearing structures transfer load through walls to foundations, while RCC structures transfer load from slabs to beams and columns to foundations. Building orientation considers passive solar strategies like daylighting. Building by-laws set health and safety standards, while building codes specify construction minimums. Guidance is provided for arranging rooms by use, size, ventilation, and direction within a residential house.
This document discusses the differences between load bearing structures and reinforced concrete (RCC) structures. It also covers building orientation, building by-laws, and guidance for planning house layouts.
Load bearing structures transfer load through walls to foundations, while RCC structures transfer load from slabs to beams and columns to foundations. Building orientation considers passive solar strategies like daylighting. Building by-laws set health and safety standards, while building codes specify construction minimums. Guidance is provided for arranging rooms by use, size, ventilation, and direction within a residential house.
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Qno1: Differentiate between load bearing and R.C.C structures.
What is orientation of building?
Ans: Load Bearing Structures
The structures in which load of the whole building above the plinth level is carried by the walls is called load bearing structure. In load bearing structure there is active structutral element called load bearing wall or bearing wall that bears the weight of all the elements resting on it and constructing to foundation. The materials mostly used in constructing the bearing walls of large buildings are concrete, block or brick. A modern example of load bearing structure is residential building
RCC Structures RCC stands for reinforced cement concrete. Concrete is reinforced with the steel bars.RCC building means the main structural members of the building, i.e slabs, beams, columns and foundations are made up of reinforced cement concrete. The ability to carry loads is increased by the reinforcement of the concrete with the steel bars. RCC is extensively used for its reinforcement. The main differences in load bearing structures and RCC structures are;
In load bearing structure the load is transferred from slab/floor to walls and walls to footings while that in the RCC structures load is transferred from slab/floor to beam and beam to column and column to footings.
In load bearing structures and internal and external walls serve as structural elements as well as the purpose of enclosure for the protection from weather i.e rain , heat and sound and fire while that in RCC they only serve the purpose of enclosures for the creation of rooms and protection from weather.
Orientation of building Building orientation refers to the way a building is situated on a site and the position of windows, rooflines, and other features. A building oriented for solar design takes advantage of passive and active solar strategies. Passive solar strategies use energy from the sun to heat and illuminate buildings. Building orientation and building materials also facilitate temperature moderation and natural day lighting.
Qno2: What do you mean by building by laws? What type of guidance (like standard codes) is referred during planning (arrangement of rooms, its sizes, location, ventilation and direction) of house? The building by-laws set standards for building work. Their purpose is to provide the health and safety of people in and around buildings by setting requirements for building design and construction. The bye-laws also promote energy efficiency.
Standard codes. Building codes specify minimum standards for the construction of buildings.The main purpose of building codes are to protect public health, safety and general welfare as they relate to the construction and occupancy of buildings and structures. Arrangement of Rooms and their locations A residential house of high class family includes rooms such as drawing room, dining room, bed room, office room, guest room, kitchen, pantry, dressing room bath and WC. 1. Drawing Room: This should be well ventilated and lightened with natural fresh air and sun. This room should be in centre. 2. Dining room: This should be located beside the drawing room .This should be connected directly to kitchen. 3. Bed room: This room should be on the one side of building. It should have at least one of its wall as external for proper ventilation. This room should have simple windows and ventilators and should be protected from direct sun and rain by providing chhajjas over them. 4. Guest room: This room should be on the one side of front verandah. It should have no any connection with other rooms except dining room. Bath and W.C should be attached to this room. 5. Office room: same as guest because it also sometimes serve as guest room. 6. Kitchen: This room should be on the back corner of the house to avoid the smoke in rooms of building. It Should be fitted with the working or cooking shelves, storage shelves, cup boards , sink for washing utencils, and a chimney for disposing the smoke. 7. Store: This room should be connected with kitchen. 8. Pantry: It should be connected with dining room to keep the cooked food not so away from dining room. 9. Dressing room: It should be connected with the bed room and Bath and W.C. 10. Bath and W.C: They may be separate or combined. If they are connected with the bed room they should be combined. There should be window but a large sized ventilator is also provided. They must be 1.5 m above the floor. Its walls should b e plastered and finished with glazed or mosaic finishing. 11.Verandah: It should be located at the foront and back of the building. Sizes of the rooms
S No Name of room Standard building Ordinary Minimum
area in sq: m building area area in Sq: m in sq: m 1 Bed room 15-25 20 12 2 Dining room 15-25 Drawing room 13.5 3 Drawing room 20-30 20 10.0 4 Guest room 9-10.5 - 7.0 5 Office room 7-9 - 6.50 6 Dressing room 4-7 - 5.0 7 Box room 5-7 - 4.0 8 Kitchen 7-9 7.8 5.5 9 Pantry 5.5-7.0 - 4.5 10 Store 7.0-9.0 5.5-6.6 5.5 11 Bath and WC(attached 4.5 - 2.80 12 Bath - 2.5-3.5 1.80 13 W.C - 1.2-1.5 1.10 14 Servant room 9-10 - 9 15 Garrage 15-18 - 11 16 Verandah 2.5-3.0 1.8-2.5m wide 1.5
Ventilation of rooms In order to maintain the effective ventilation of the building the area covered by windows of each room should not be less than 1/8th the fllor area of room. Area covered by ventilators should be about 4%the floor area of room. Direction of building The building will also follow with the short side facing the east-west axis. Since the east-west sides will still be exposed to the sun, the windows on these sides should have protection from direct sunlight.
Qno3: What are the necessities, needs and requirements of drawing for civil engineering projects? Ans : Needs and Necessities of drawing for civil engineering projects
Before any structure comes into existence in real time, we first need to create the drawings of the desired structure. A drawing will consist of all the constructional details that will be required on the field. It will show the clear spacing between the bars, the alignment of the bars, the position of columns, the position of bars in a column, beam etc.When it comes to making roads and rails, a Civil Engineer needs the alignment, which are again plotted on drawings.
Therefore a Civil Engineer should be able to analyze the drawings given to him, so that he can carry out all his works as per designed by designer.
Requirements of drawing for civil engineering projects
Site Layout. Site Plans. Civil Site Development Drawings. Construction Drawings. Preliminary Site Plans. Special Use Permit Plans.. Parking Lot Design/Re-Design.
