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Matlab Answers

This document contains an introduction and 6 exercises with example MATLAB solutions for generating and manipulating matrices and vectors, plotting functions, generating and analyzing audio signals. The exercises cover topics like building matrices from expressions, matrix multiplication, vector multiplication, plotting functions with varying frequency, generating and plotting a chirp signal, concatenating an audio signal with an inverted copy, and using spectrogram analysis.

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Julius Rachmanas
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
293 views

Matlab Answers

This document contains an introduction and 6 exercises with example MATLAB solutions for generating and manipulating matrices and vectors, plotting functions, generating and analyzing audio signals. The exercises cover topics like building matrices from expressions, matrix multiplication, vector multiplication, plotting functions with varying frequency, generating and plotting a chirp signal, concatenating an audio signal with an inverted copy, and using spectrogram analysis.

Uploaded by

Julius Rachmanas
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to MATLAB

exercises with some example solutions for supervisors

Markus Kuhn
Michaelmas 2006

Exercise 1 Find a short MATLAB expression to build the matrix 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 B = 9 7 5 3 1 1 3 4 8 16 32 64 128 256
Example solution: b = [1:7; 9:-2:-3; 2.^(2:8)]

Exercise 2 Give a MATLAB expression that uses only a single matrix multiplication with B to obtain (a) the sum of columns 5 and 7 of B (b) the last row of B (c) a version of B with rows 2 and 3 swapped
Example solution: (a) b * [0 0 0 0 1 0 1] (b) [0 0 1] * b (c) [1 0 0; 0 0 1; 0 1 0] * b

Exercise 3 Give a MATLAB expression that multiplies two 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 (b) the matrix 2 2 (a) the matrix 3 3 1 2 3 4 5 4 4
Example solution: (a) [1 1 1] * (1:5) (b) (0:4) * [1 1 1]

vectors to obtain 0 1 2 3 4

Exercise 4 Modify slide 17 to produce tones of falling frequency instead.

Example solution: Replace f = fmin * (fmax/fmin) .^ l; with f = fmax * (fmin/fmax) .^ l;

Exercise 5 (a) Write down the function g(t) that has the shape of a sine wave that increases linearly in frequency from 0 Hz at t = 0 s to 5 Hz at t = 10 s. (b) Plot the graph of this function using MATLABs plot command. (c) Add to the same gure (this can be achieved using the hold command) in a dierent colour a graph of the same function sampled at 5 Hz, using the stem command. (d) Plot the graph from (c) separately. Try to explain its symmetry (hint: sampling theorem, aliasing).
Example solution: (a) The instantaneous frequency of function g(t) at time t is f (t) = t 5 Hz t = 10 s 2 s2

and since the phase of a sine wave is 2 times the integrated frequency so far, we get
t

g(t) = sin 2
0

f (t ) dt

= sin 2

t2 4 s2

= sin

t2 2 s2

(b+c)

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t = 0:0.01:10; f = sin(pi*t.^2/2); plot(t,f); hold; t2 = 0:1/5:10; stem(t2, sin(pi*t2.^2/2), r); (d) A sine wave with a frequency f larger than half the sampling frequency fs cannot be distinguished based on the sample values from a sine wave of frequency fs f . In other words, the sample values would have looked the same had we replaced the instantaneous frequency f (t) with fs /2 |fs /2 f (t)|, and the latter is symmetric around fs /2, which is in this graph 2.5 Hz and occurs at t = 5 s.
The above is of course just a hand-waving argument, but shall be sucient for this exercise. There are actually a few more conditions fullled here that lead to the exact symmetry of the plot. Firstly, since we started sampling at t = 0 s with fs = 5 Hz, the positions of the sample values end up being symmetric around t = 5 s. Secondly, at the symmetry point t = 5 s, the sine wave was at a symmetric peak from where increasing or decreasing the phase has the same result.

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Exercise 6 Use MATLAB to write an audio waveform (8 kHz sampling frequency) that contains a sequence of nine tones with frequencies 659, 622, 659, 622, 659, 494, 587, 523, and 440 Hz. Then add to this waveform a copy of itself in which every other sample has been multiplied by 1. Play the waveform, write it to a WAV le, and use the specgram command to plot its spectrogram with correctly labelled time and frequency axis.
Example solution:
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f = [659 622 659 622 659 494 587 523 440]; fs = 8000; % sampling frequency d = 0.5; % duration per tone t = 0:1/fs:d-1/fs; w = sin(2 * pi * f * t)/2; w = w; w = w(:); w = [w, w .* (mod((1:length(w)), 2) * 2 - 1)]; wavwrite(w, fs, 16, matlab_answer-2.wav); specgram(w, [], fs);

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0 1 2 3 4 Time 5 6 7 8

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