Matlab Solution

EAB 2113 NUMERICAL METHOD
Question 1
Develop an M-file to implement the bisection method. Using this program solve the
following problem.
The velocity of falling parachutist is given as
v(t ) =
gm
(1 e ( c / m ) t ) .
c
Where v (t ) = velocity of parachutist = 40 m / s ,
g = gravitational constant = 9.8 m / s 2 ,
m = the mass of the parachutist = 68.1 kg .

Find the drag coefficient, c at the time t = 10 seconds using the initial bracket
of the root as [13, 16] and iterate until a 0.001 %.
% Data obtain from the question
f=inline('((9.81*68.1)/x)*(1-exp(-(x/68.1)*10))-40','x');
xl=13;
xu=16;
es=0.001;
%computation
xr=xl; %initiation
while(1) %since we dont know how many interation will take place
xrold=xr; %keep the previous xr
xr=(xl+xu)/2; %formula for bisection method
if xr~=0, ea=abs((xr-xrold)/xr)*100; end %calculate ea if xr not real
answer
test=f(xl)*f(xr);
if test<0
xu=xr;
elseif test>0
xl=xr;
else ea=0;
end
end
if ea<=es, break,end %end loop if the situation is satisfied
format long;
disp('the root for this equation is : ')
disp(xr)
Question 2
2
Develop an M-file to implement the false position method. solve the following
problem.
v(t ) =
gm
(1 e ( c / m ) t ) .
c
Where v (t ) = velocity of parachutist = 40 m / s ,
m = the mass of the parachutist = 68.1 kg .

Find the drag coefficient, c at the time t = 10 seconds using the initial bracket
of the root as [13, 16] and iterate until a 0.001 %.
f=inline('((9.81*68.1)/x)*(1-exp (-(x/68.1)*10))-40','x');
xl=13;
xu=16;
es=0.001;
xr=xl
while (1)
xrold=xr;
xr=xu-(((f(xu)*(xl-xu))/f(xl)-f(xu)));
if xr~=0, ea=abs((xr-xrold)/xr)*100; end
test=f(xl)*f(xr);
if test<0
xu=xr;
elseif test>0
xl=xr;
else test>0
ea=0;
end
if ea<=es, break, end
end
format long;
disp ('the root for this equation is : ')
disp(xr)
Question 3
4
Locate the root of f ( x ) = 2 sin( x ) x

x0 = 2 .
(a)
Using the MATLAB function fzero with an initial guess of
(b)
Using Newton-Raphson method by writing a function M-file. Use an

initial guess of x 0 = 0.5 and iterate until a 0.001 %.
a)
function root=newraph1(f,df,xr,es)
%f=inline('2*sin(sqrt(x))-x')
%df=inline('-cos(sqrt(x))/sqrt(x)-1')
while(1)
xr_old=xr;
xr=xr-(f(xr)/df(xr));
if xr~=0,ea=abs((xr-xr_old)/xr)*100;
end
if ea<=es,break,end
end
fprintf('\n\nthe root for this question is %2.6f\n',xr);
Question 4
Develop an M-file to implement the modified secant method. Using this

program determine the loest positive root of f ( x) = 8 sin( x) e x 1 with an
initial guess of x 0 = 0.3 and = 0.01 . Iterate until a = 0.000001% .
f=inline('8*sin(x)*exp(-x)-1','x')
Ea=1;
xo=0.3;
fprintf('The initial guess is %.2f',xo)
while(Ea>0.000001)
xold=xo;
xo=xo-(0.01*xo*f(xo))/(f(xo+0.01+xo)-f(xo));
Ea=((abs(xo-xold))/xo)*100;
end
fprintf('\nThe lowest positive root of function is %10.6f with approximate
error %7.4f',xo,Ea)
Question 5
Find the solution of the following set of linear algebraic equations

x + 2 y + 3z =1
3 x + 3 y + 4 z =1
2 x + 3 y + 3z = 2
a) Using the left division
b) Using Gaussian elimination
c) Using LU decomposition
8
Question 6
Develop a function M-file Tridiag.m to solve the following tridiagonal system

with the Thomas algorithm.
f1
e
2
g1
f2
g2
e3
f3
g3
.
.
.
.
e n 1
f n 1
en
x1 r1
x r
2 2
x3 r3

. = .
. .

. .
g n 1 x n 1 rn 1

f n x n rn
Thomas Algorithm:
(i)
Decomposition:
e
e k = k and
f k 1
f k = f k ek . g k 1 , where k = 2,3,4, , n .
(ii)
Forward substitution:
rk = rk e k . rk 1 , where k = 2,3,4, , n .
(iii)
Back substitution:
r
xn = n
fn
and x k =
( rk g k . x k +1 )
, where k = n 1, n 2, ,2,1 .
fk
Using
your program, solve the following tridiagonal system.
function
x=Tri(e,f,g,r)
%e=input('e= ');
%f=input('f=
01475
0.020875
2.');
x1 4.175
0.');
x 0
%g=input('g=
020875
2.01475
0.020875
%r=input('r=
');
x3 = 0
0
.
020875
2
.
01475
0
.
020875
e=[0 -0.020875 -0.020875 -0.020875];
f=[2.01475
0.020875
2.01475 x 2.0875
2.01475 2.01475 2.01475];
4
g=[-0.020875 -0.020875 -0.020875 0];
r=[4.175 0 0 2.0875];
n=length(f);
for k=2:n
factor=e(k)/f(k-1);
f(k)=f(k)-factor*g(k-1);
r(k)=r(k)-factor*r(k-1);
fprintf('factor=%2.4f\t f(k)=%2.4f\t
end
x(n)=r(n)/f(n);
for k=n-1:-1:1
x(k)=(r(k)-g(k)*x(k+1))/f(k);
fprintf('x(k)=%2.4f\n',x(k))
end
r(k)=%2.4f\n',factor,f(k),r(k))
10
Question 7
11
Q7.
Develop a MATLAB script file to determine the solution of the following system of
linear equations using the Gauss-Seidel iteration method by performing first seven
iterations.
9 x1 2 x 2 + 3 x3 + 2 x 4 = 54.5
2 x1 + 8 x 2 2 x3 + 3x 4 = 14
3 x1 + 2 x 2 + 11x3 4 x 4 = 12.5
2 x1 + 3 x 2 + 2 x3 + 10 x 4 = 21
i=1;x1=0;x2=0;x3=0;x4=0;
disp(' i
x1
x2
x3
x4')
fprintf('%2.0f %8.5f %8.5f %8.5f %8.5f\n',i,x1,x2,x3,x4)
for i=2:8
x1=(54.5-(-2*x2+3*x3+2*x4))/9;
x2=(-14-(2*x1-2*x3+3*x4))/8;
x3=(12.5-(-3*x1+2*x2-4*x4))/11;
x4=(-21-(-2*x1+3*x2+2*x3))/10;
fprintf('%2.0f %8.5f %8.5f %8.5f %8.5f\n',i,x1,x2,x3,x4)
end
Question 8
12
Develop a script M-file to estimate f ( 2.75) using Lagrange interpolating polynomials

of order 1, 2 and 3 for the following data.
x
f(x
)
0
0
1
0.5
2
0.8
3
0.9
4
0.941176
5
0.961538
For each estimate find the true percent relative error if the try function is
given by f ( x ) =
x2
.
(1 + x 2 )
function fint=LagrangeINT(x,y,xint)
n=length(x);
for i=1:n
L(i)=1;
for j=1:n
if j~=i
L(i)=L(i)*(xint-x(j))/(x(i)-x(j));
end
end
end
f=(xint^2)/(1+xint^2);
et=abs((f-sum(y.*L))/f)/100;
fprintf('\nx=%.8f\n',sum(y.*L));
fprintf('Error=%6f%%\n',et);
13
Question 9
.
The force on a sailboat mast can be represented by the following function:

H
z 2.5 z / H
F = 200
dz
e
0
7 + z
where z = the elevation above the deck and H = the height of the mast.
Compute F for the case where H = 30 using
(i)
the M-file for Trapezoidal rule with the step size h = 0.1 .
the MATLAB trapz function.

function evaluate = trapezoidal1(f,H,h)
%f=inline('200*(z/(7+z))*exp(-25*z/30)')
%y(for the trapz function)=200*(z./(7+z)).*exp(-25.*z./30)
a=0;
while(1)
n=(H-a)/h;
t0=f(a);
t1=0;
for i=1:n-1
t1=t1+f(a+h*i);
end
t2=f(H);
value=h/2*(t0+2*t1+t2);
break
end
fprintf('The Trapezoidal Integral: %2.8f\n',value)
Question 10
14
Develop an M-file to implement Simpsons 1/3 rule. Using your program solve
the following problem.
v (t ) =
gm
(1 e ( c / m ) t ) .
c
Where v (t ) = velocity of parachutist,
m = mass of the parachutist =
45 kg ,
= the drag coefficient = 32.5 kg / s .
If the distance, d, traveled by the parachutist is given by

6
d = v(t ) dt ,
0
find the distance using Simpsons 1/3 rule for the segments 10, 20, 50, and
100.
function distance=simpson(V,a,b,n)
h=(b-a)/n;
t(1)=a;
for i=2:n+1
t(i)=t(i-1)+h;
end
P=0;
for i=2:2:n
P=P+V(t(i));
end
T=0;
for i=3:2:n-1
T=T+V(t(i));
end
d=(h/3)*(V(a)+(4*P)+(2*T)+V(b));
fprintf('\nThe distance travelled by the parachutist=%9.6f\n',d)
15
16
Question 11
Develop an M-file for Eulers method to solve a first order ordinary differential
equation (ODE).
i(t)
E
The current around the circuit at time

differential equation
3
di
= 2i + 3e 2t ,
dt
t is governed by the following

i ( 0) = 2 .
Using your program, solve the above initial value problem over the interval
from t = 0 to 2 with the step size h = 0.1 .
function [t,i]= Eulode(didt,tspan,i0,h)

%input:
%didt= name of the function f(t,i)
%tspan= [ti,tf] where ti and tf= initial and final valus of independent
%variable
%y0= initial value of the dependent variable
%h=step size
%output:
%[t,i] where t= vector of the independent variable
%
i= vector of the solution for the dependent variable
tx=tspan(1);
ty=tspan(2);
t=(tx:h:ty)';
n=length(t);
i=i0*ones(n,1);
for x=1:n-1
i(x+1)=i(x)+feval(didt,t(x),i(x))*h;
end
17
18
Question 12
Develop an M-file for Fourth-Order Runge-Kutta method to solve a first order
ordinary differential equation (ODE).
Using your program solve the following initial value problem over the interval
from x = 0 to 2 with the step size h = 0.2 .
dy
= x2 + y ,
dx
y ( 0 ) = 0 .8 .
function [x,y]=rk40de(dydx,xspan,y0,h)
xi=xspan(1);
xf=xspan(2);
x=(xi:h:xf)';
n=length(x);
y=y0*ones(n,1);
for i=1:n-1
k1=feval(dydx,x(i),y(i));
k2=feval(dydx,x(i)+(1/2)*h,y(i)+(1/2)*k1*h);
k3=feval(dydx,x(i)+(1/2)*h,y(i)+(1/2)*k2*h);
k4=feval(dydx,x(i)+h,y(i)+k3*h);
y(i+1)=y(i)+(1/6)*(k1+2*k2+2*k3+k4)*h;
end
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EAB 2113 NUMERICAL METHOD

Where v (t ) = velocity of parachutist = 40 m / s ,

g = gravitational constant = 9.8 m / s 2 ,

m = the mass of the parachutist = 68.1 kg .

if ea<=es, break,end %end loop if the situation is satisfied

EAB 2113 NUMERICAL METHOD

EAB 2113 NUMERICAL METHOD

g = gravitational constant = 9.8 m / s 2 ,

m = the mass of the parachutist = 68.1 kg .

EAB 2113 NUMERICAL METHOD

EAB 2113 NUMERICAL METHOD

Locate the root of f ( x ) = 2 sin( x ) x

Using the MATLAB function fzero with an initial guess of

Using Newton-Raphson method by writing a function M-file. Use an

EAB 2113 NUMERICAL METHOD

EAB 2113 NUMERICAL METHOD

Develop an M-file to implement the modified secant method. Using this

EAB 2113 NUMERICAL METHOD

Find the solution of the following set of linear algebraic equations

a) Using the left division

b) Using Gaussian elimination

EAB 2113 NUMERICAL METHOD

EAB 2113 NUMERICAL METHOD

Develop a function M-file Tridiag.m to solve the following tridiagonal system

EAB 2113 NUMERICAL METHOD

EAB 2113 NUMERICAL METHOD

EAB 2113 NUMERICAL METHOD

Develop a script M-file to estimate f ( 2.75) using Lagrange interpolating polynomials

EAB 2113 NUMERICAL METHOD

The force on a sailboat mast can be represented by the following function:

the MATLAB trapz function.

EAB 2113 NUMERICAL METHOD

Where v (t ) = velocity of parachutist,

g = gravitational constant = 9.8 m / s 2 ,

m = mass of the parachutist =

= the drag coefficient = 32.5 kg / s .

If the distance, d, traveled by the parachutist is given by

EAB 2113 NUMERICAL METHOD

EAB 2113 NUMERICAL METHOD

The current around the circuit at time

t is governed by the following

function [t,i]= Eulode(didt,tspan,i0,h)

EAB 2113 NUMERICAL METHOD

EAB 2113 NUMERICAL METHOD

EAB 2113 NUMERICAL METHOD

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