NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, JAMSHEDPUR, JHARKHAND-831014

Department of Mathematics
First Semester, Session: 2022-2023
Course Handout
Computer Science and Engg., 1st semester, 2022 Batch)

Course No.: MA1101 (1st Sem.) Credit: 4

Course Title: Engg. Mathematics: I Date: 17-11-2022
Instructor-in-charge: Dr. Hari Shankar Prasad

Course Description.

Calculus of one variable: Review of Mean Value theorem (Rolle’s Theorem, Cauchy Mean Value theorem), Taylor’s
and Maclaurin’s theorems with remainders, Asymptotes and Curvature.
[11 Lectures]

Sequence and Series: Sequence, convergence of sequence using comparison test, root test, ratio test. Series and its
convergence, Power series, radius of convergence. [06 Lectures]

Calculus of several variable: Limit, Continuity and Differentiability of function of several variables, partial derivatives
and their geometrical interpretation, differentials, derivatives of composite and implicit functions, derivatives of higher
order and their commutativity, Euler’s theorem on homogeneous functions, harmonic function, Taylor’s expansion of
functions of several variables, Maxima and Minima of functions of several variables- Lagrange’s Method of multipliers.
[15 Lectures]

Differential equations: Review of first order ordinary differential equations, Second order differential equations with
constant coefficients, Euler’s equations, system of differential equations. Series solution of ordinary differential equations:
near ordinary and singular points.
[12 Lectures]
.

Scope:
# To provide good fundamental concepts of Differential Calculus and Differential Equations.

Objective
▪ At the end of this course, the students will be able to understand the usefulness of Differential Calculus and
Differential Equations.
▪ At the end of this course, the students will be able to solve various kind of applied problems in the science and
engineering.

Text Books

T1: Grewal, B.S.., “Higher Engineering Mathematics”, 44th Edition, Khanna Publishers, Delhi, 2017.

Reference Books

R1: Jain R.K., Iyenger, S.R.K., “Advanced Engineering Mathematics”, 5 th edition, Narosa Publishing House Pvt. Ltd,
New Delhi, 2016.

R2: Kreyszig, E., “Advanced Engineering Mathematics”, 8th edition, Wiley India(P) Ltd, New Delhi, 2008.

R3: Somasundaram, D., Chaudhary, B. “A first course in mathematical analysis”, Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi,
1996.
 Course Plan

Lecture Learning objectives Topics to be Refer to Chapter,

No. covered See(Book)
1-2 Review of Mean Value theorem (Rolle’s Theorem, Cauchy Mean Calculus of 4(T1), 1(R1)
Value theorem), one variable

3-5 Taylor’s and Maclaurin’s theorem with remainders

6-8 Asymptotes
9-11 Curvature
12-17 Sequence, convergence of sequence using comparison test, root Sequence and 9(T1)
test, ratio test. Series and its convergence, Power series, radius of Series
convergence.
18-21 Limit, Continuity and Differentiability of function of several Calculus of 5(T1), 2(R1)
variable. several
22-26 Limit, Continuity and Differentiability of function of several variable
variables, partial derivatives and their geometrical interpretation,
differentials, derivatives of composite and implicit functions,
derivatives of higher order and their commutativity, Euler’s theorem
on homogeneous functions, harmonic function,

27-28 Taylor’s expansion of functions of several variables,

29-32 Maxima and Minima of functions of several variables, Lagrange’s
method of undetermined multipliers
33-34 Review of first order ordinary differential equations: variable Differential 11(T1),13(T1),
separable, homogeneous, exact, linear and Bernoulli’s form of first equations 16(T1), 4-6(R1)
order differential equations
35-39 Second order differential equations with constant coefficients. Euler
equations, System of differential equations
40-44 Series solution of ordinary differential equations: near ordinary and
singular points.

Evaluation Scheme

Sl. Evaluation Component Duration Max. Marks Date Nature of the

No. &Time Component
[Closed/Open
Book]
1 Mid Term 2 Hrs 30
3 End Term 3 Hrs 50
4 Assignment 5
5 Attendance and 5
Punctuality in class
5 Class 10
Test/Reports/Project/Se
minar

Instructor In-charge
CSE: MA1101
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, JAMSHEDPUR, JHARKHAND-831014

Department of Mathematics
First Semester, Session: 2022-2023
Course Home Assignment
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGG., 1st semester, 2022 Batch)
Date: 03-12-2022
Course No.: MA1101 Credit: 4
Course Title: Engg. Mathematics: I
Instructor-in-charge: Dr. HARI SHANKAR PRASAD

1. Establish the following Standard results where D is the differential operator and a, b, c, n, m are constants:
(i) D n (ax  b) m  m(m  1)(m  2).......(m  n  1) a n (ax  b) m  n (ii) D n (a mx )  m n (log n) n a mx
(iii) D n [1 /( ax  b)]  [(1) n a n (n !) ] / (ax  b)1 n (iv) D n (e mx )  m n e mx
(v) D n [sin(ax  b)]  a n sin (ax  b  n / 2) (vi) D n [sin(ax  b)]  a n cos (ax  b  n / 2)
(vii) D n [e ax sin(bx  c)]  (a 2  b 2 ) n / 2 e ax sin (bx  c  n tan 1 b / a )
(viii) D n [e ax cos(bx  c)]  (a 2  b 2 ) n / 2 e ax cos (bx  c  n tan 1 b / a ) ,
2. Find the n th derivative of the following:
(i) log[( ax  b)(cx  d )] (ii) (sin ax ) (cos bx ) (iii) e cx (sin ax ) (cos bx ) (iv) e cx (sin x) (cos x) 2
(v) 1 /[1  6 x  7 x 2 ] (vi) x 4 /[( x  2)(2 x  3)] (vii) 1 /[( x  1) 3 ( x  2)] (viii) tan 1 [2 x /(1  x 2 )]
3.(a) If y  x(a 2  x 2 ) 1 , prove that y n  ( 1) n n ! a  n 1 sin n 1  cos( n  1) , where   tan 1 ( x / a ).
(b) If y  tan 1 [{x (1  x 2 )1 / 2  1} / x] , prove that y n  (0.5)(1) n 1 ( n  1) ! a  n 1 sin n  sin( n ),
where   cot 1 ( x).
4. (a) State and prove Labnitz’s theorem for finding the n th derivatives of product of two functions.
(b) Find the n th derivative of the following:
(i) x 3 cos x (ii) e x x 3 cos x (iii) (log x ) x 2 cos x (iv) x 2 e x cos 3 x (v) x 2 tan 1 x

5.(a) If y  e a sin 1 x, show that (1  x 2 ) y n  2  ( 2n  1) xy n 1  ( n 2  a 2 ) y n  0.

(b) If y  a cos(log x )  b sin(log x ), show that x 2 y n  2  ( 2n  1) xy n 1  ( n 2  1) y n  0.
(c) If y 1 / m  y 1 / m  2 x, show that ( x 2  1) y n  2  ( 2n  1) xy n 1  ( n 2  m 2 ) y n  0.
d n log x
(d) Prove that n
( )  [(1) n (n !) / x n1 ][log x  1  1 / 2  1 / 3  .......  1 / n].
dx x
dn n
(e) If I n  n ( x log x), prove that I n  nI n 1  (n  1)!; hence show that
dx
I n  n !(log x  1  1 / 2  1 / 3  .........  1 / n).
(f) If y  [ x  (1  x 2 )1 / 2 ] m , find ( y n ) 0 . (g) If y  sin ( m sin 1 x ), find ( y n ) 0 .
(h) If y  log[ x  (1  x 2 )1 / 2 ], find ( y n ) 0 .
(i) If y  (1 / 2)(tan 1 x ) 2 , showthat ( y n  2 ) 0  2n 2 ( y n ) 0  n(n  1) 2 ( n  2)( y n  2 ) 0  0.
6. (a) State and Prove (i) Rolle’s, (ii) Lagrange’s and (iii) Cauchy mean value theorems.
(b) Solve all the exercise problems (which are based on the mean value theorems) from the prescribed Text
Book of B. S. Grewal.
© State and Prove Taylors theorem with remainders for the function of single variable.
(d) Show that the Maclaurin’s theorem is special case of Taylors theorem.
(e) Obtain the Taylor’s polynomial approximation of degree n to the following function f (x ) about
 the point x  a. Estimate the error in the given interval.
2
(i) f ( x)  x, n  3, a  1,1  x  1.5. (ii) f ( x)  e  x n  3, a  0,  1  x  1.
(iii) f ( x )  x sin x, n  4, a  0,  1  x  1. (iv) f ( x)  x 2 e  x n  4, a  1, 0.5  x  1.5.
(f) Obtain the Taylor’s polynomial approximation of degree n to the following function f (x ) about
the point x  a. Find the error term and show that it tends to zero as n  . Hence write its
Taylor’s series.
(i) f ( x)  sin 3 x, a  0. (ii) f ( x)  sin 2 x, a  0. (iii) f ( x)  x 2 ln x, a  1. (iv) f ( x)  2 x , a  1.
(g) Find the number of terms that must be retained in the Taylor’s polynomial approximation about the
point x  0 for the function sin x cos x in the interval [0,1] such that the error  0.005.
(h) The function tan 1 x is approximated by the first two non zero terms in the Taylor’s polynomial
expansion about the point x  0 . Find c such that error  0.005. when 0  x  c. .
(I) Expand y ( x)  tan 1 x in powers of x   / 4.

7.(a) Define the (i) Sequence, (ii) Limit and Convergence of a sequence with examples, (iii) Power series and its
convergence, and (iv) Radius of Convergence for a power series.
(b) Solve all the exercise problems of the Chapter ‘Infinite series of the prescribed text book of Grewal, B.S.
8.(a) State and prove the various type of comparison tests, root tests, and ratio tests.
(b) Solve at least four different problems using each tests stated in the above problem 8(a).
9.(a) Define vertical, horizontal, and inclined/oblique asymptotes to the curve with at least one
example.
(b) Find all the asymptotes to the following curves:
x2 y2
(i) ( y  2)( x 2  1)  5 (ii) y 2 x 2  a 2 ( y 2  x 2 ) (iii) y  ( x  1) 3 /[ x 2 ( x  1)] (iv) 2  2  1
a b
(v) ( y  x) ( x  y  2)  x  9 y  2. (vi) r  a (sec   tan  ). (vii) ( x  4 y  3 x y )  x  y  3  0.
2 3 3 2

3at 3at 2 t2
(viii) x  , y  , a  0 . (ix) y  .
1 t3 1 t3 t2  4
10. Define the Curvature, Circle of curvature, Centre of curvature and Radius of curvature of a
curve.
11. Derive the formula for finding the Radius of curvature of Cartesian curve, Polar curve, and
parametric curve respectively.
12. Derive the formula for finding the Centre and Chord of curvature of a Cartesian curve respectively.
13. Find the curvature  , the radius of curvature  and the centre ( ,  ) of curvature of the
circle of curvature of the following curve at the given point. The constant a is positive.
(i) y  x 2  6 x  10 at (3,1) (ii) a y 2  x 3 at (a, a ) (iii) y 3  x 3  2axy  0, (a, a )
(iv) x 2  4ay  0 at (2a, a ) (v) x 2  log( x  (1  x 2 ) at (0, 0) (vi) y  4 /( x 2  2) at (0, 2)
(vii) y  sin x at ( / 2, 1) (viii) x  a (cos t  t sin t ), y  a (sin t  t cos t , at t   / 4.
(ix) x  a ln(sec t  tan t ), y  a sec t at t  0.
14. Find the radius of curvature  at the origin (0, 0) using Newton’s Method for the following curves:
(i) 3 y 2  4 x 3  2 x 2  6 y  0 (ii) 2 x 4  3 y 4  x 3 y  xy  y 2  2 x  0.
15. Define the following:
(i) Evolute of a curve, (ii) Involute of a curve and (iii) Envelope of a family of a curve.
16. (a) Find the Evolute of the following curve:
(i) x 2  4ay (ii) xy  1 (iii) ( x 2 / a 2 )  ( y 2 / b 2 )  1, a  b. (iv) x  a (  sin  ), y  a (1  cos  ).
(b) Find the involute of the following curve:
(i) x  a cos t , y  a sin t. where a  0.
 (ii) x  a cos t (cos 2 t  3 sin 2 t ), y  a sin t (sin 2 t  3 cos 2 t ). where a  0.
(c) Find the equation of the envelope of the following given family of curves for positive
parameter ( p. ):
(i) py  p 2 x  10  0 (ii) x tan p  y sec p  5 (iii) ( x  p ) 2  ( y  p ) 2  p 2 (iv) y  3 px  p 3

17. Define the Limit, Continuity and Differentiability of a function of two and three variables
respectively.
18. (a) Using    approach, establish the following limits:
(i) lim ( x 2  y 2  1)  1. (ii) lim ( x 2  2 x  y 2 )  7. (iii) lim ( x  y ) /( x 2  y 2  1)  0.
( x , y ) (1,1) ( x , y )( 2 ,1) ( x , y )( 0, 0 )

(iv) lim ( x  y ) /( x  y )  0.
3 3 2 2
( x , y ) ( 0, 0 )

(b) Determine the following limits if they exists:

x
(i) lim ( x  1) sin y /( y ln x)  1. (ii) lim (1  ) y  7. (iii) lim x / x2  y2
( x , y ) (1, 0 ) y
( x , y ) ( 2 , 0 ) ( x , y ) ( 0 , 0 )

(iv) lim ( x 3  y 3 ) /( x  y ) (v) lim ( xy  z ) /( x  y  z 2 )

( x , y ) (1, 1) ( x , y , z ) ( 0 , 0, 0 )

(vi) lim x( x  y  z ) /( x  y  z 2 )
2 2
( x , y , z ) ( 0 , 0 , 0 )

19. Discuss the continuity of the following functions at the given points(0,0):

( x  y ) 2 /( x 2  y 2 ), ( x, y )  (0,0) ( x  y ) xy /( x 2  y 2 ), ( x, y )  (0,0)
(i) f ( x, y )   (ii) f ( x, y )  
0 , ( x, y )  (0,0) 0 , ( x, y )  (0,0)
( x  y ) 2 /( x 2  y 2 ), ( x, y )  (0,0) e xy /( x 2  1), ( x, y )  (0,0)
(iii) f ( x, y )   (iv) f ( x, y )  
0 , ( x, y )  (0,0) 0 , ( x, y )  (0,0)
( x 2  y 2  2 xy) /( x  y ), ( x, y )  (1,1)
(v) f ( x, y )  
0 , ( x, y )  (1,1)
(2 x 2  y 2 ) /(3  sin x), ( x, y )  (0,0)
(vi) f ( x, y )  
0 , ( x, y )  (0,0)

( x 2  y 2 ) /( x  y ), ( x, y )  (0,0)
20.(a) Show that the function f ( x, y )   possesses partial derivatives
0 , ( x, y )  (0,0)
at (0,0), though it is not continuous at (0, 0)
( xy ) / x 2  y 2 , ( x, y )  (0,0)
(b) Show that the function f ( x, y )   has the partial derivatives
0 , ( x, y )  (0,0)
f x (0,0), f y (0,0), but the partial derivatives are not continuous at (0, 0).
(c) Show that the function f ( x, y )  x 2  y 2 is not differentiable at (0, 0).

21.(a) Find all the partial derivatives of the specified order for the following functions at the given
points:
(i) f ( x, y )  ( x  y ) /( x  y ), second order at (1,1). (ii) f ( x, y )  e x log y  (cos y ) log x, third order at
2 2 2
(1,  / 2). (iii) f ( x, y , z )  e ( x  y  z ) , second order at ( 1,1,  1). (iv) f ( x, y )  e sin( x / y ) , second order at
x y z
( / 2,1). (iv) f ( x, y , z )    , second order at (1, 2, 3). (v) f ( x, y , z )  sin xy  sin yz  sin zx,
y z x
 second order at (1,  / 2,  / 2). (vi) f ( x, y , z )  x x y y z z , second order at any finite points .
( x 2 y )( x  y ) /( x 2  y 2 ) , ( x, y )  (0,0)
22.(a) For the function f ( x, y )   , show that f xy (0,0)  f yx (0,0).
0 , ( x , y )  ( 0,0)
2
(b) Show that f xyyz  f yyxz for all ( x, y , z ) when f ( x, y, z )  z 2 e x  y .
(c) Show that f xyz  f yzx for all ( x, y , z ) when f ( x, y, z )  e 4 y sin z.
23. (a) State and prove Euler’s theorem and establish the following results:
 x2  y2  u u  ( x 2  y 2 )1 / 2  u u
(i) If u  sin 1   , then x  y  tan u . (ii) If u  log  , then x y 0
 x y  x y  x  x y
 x3  y3  u u 2  u
2
 2u 2  u
2
(iii) If u  tan  , then x  y  u and x  2 xy y  (1  4 sin 2 u ) sin 2u.
 x y  x y x xy y
2 2

dy d2y
24.(a) If x(1  y 2 )1 / 2  y (1  x 2 )1 / 2  c, c any constant, x  1, y  1, then find and .
dx dx 2
(b) If z  f (u , v), u  x /( x 2  y 2 ), v  y /( x 2  y 2 ), ( x, y )  (0,0), then show that
z uu  z vv  ( x 2  y 2 ) 2 ( z xx  z yy ).
(25) (a) State and Prove Taylors theorem with remainders for the function of two variable.
(b) Show that the Maclaurin’s theorem is special case of Taylors theorem.
(c) Obtain the n th order Taylor’s series approximation to the following function about the given point.
Also, estimate the maximum absolute error in the indicated region.
(i) f ( x, y )  xy 2  y cos( x  y ) for n  2, about the point (1,1) in the region x  1  0.05, y  1  0.1.
(ii) f ( x, y )  x  y for n  2, about the point (1, 3) in the region x  1  0.2, y  3  0.1.
(iii) f ( x, y )  2 x 2  xy  y 2  3 x  4 y  1 for n  3, about the point (1,1) in the region
x  1  0.1, y  1  0.1.
(iv) f ( x, y , z )  x 2  y 2  z 2 for n  1, about the point (2,2,1) in the region x  2  0.1, y  2  0.1,
z  1  0.1.
(v) f ( x, y, z )  e z sin( x  y ) for n  2, about the point (0,0,0) in the region x  0.1, y  0.1, z  0.1.

(d) Obtain the relative and absolute maximum and minimum values for the following functions in the
given closed region R :
(i) x 2  y 2  2 y, R : x 2  y 2  1. (ii) 4 x 2  y 2  2 x  1, R : 2 x 2  y 2  1.
(iii) cos x  cos y  cos( x  y ), R : 0  x   ,0  y   . (iv) x 3  y 3  xy, R : x  1, y  0, y  2 x.
(e) Find the extreme value of x 3  8 y 3  4 z 3 , when xyz  1.
(f) Divide a number into three parts such that the product of the first, square of the second and cube of
the third is maximum.
(g) Find the dimensions of a rectangular parallelopiped of maximum volume with edges parallel to the
x2 y2 z2
coordinate axes that can be inscribed in the ellipsoids 2  2  2  1.
a b c
(h) Find the maximum value of xyz under the constraints x  z  1 and x  y  0.
2 2

(i) Find the extreme value of x 2  2 xy  z 2 under the constraints 2 x  y  0 and x  y  z  1.

(j) Find the smallest and largest distance between the points P and Q such that P lies on the plane
x  y  z  2a. and Q lies on the sphere x 2  y 2  z 2  a 2 , where a is any constant.
 x2 y2
(k) Find the shortest distance between the line y  10  2 x and the ellipse   1.
2 2 32

26. (a) What is differential equation and its (i) general solution (ii) particular solution and (iii) singular solution?
(b) How a differential equation is formed? Illustrate with examples.
(c) Explain the methods of undetermined coefficients with examples for finding the particular integral of the
given differential equation.
(d) Explain the method of variation of parameters for finding the particular integral of the given differential
equation.
(e) Find the solution of general form of Euler’s equation.
(f) What do you mean by a system of differential equations? Illustrate with examples.
(g) Describe at least one method for finding the solution of a system of linear differential equations.

27. Solve all the exercise problems of Chapter-11 and Chapter-13 related to differential equations of first and
second order respectively of the Grewal, B.S. book.
28. Solve all the exercise problems of Chapter-16 related to the series solution of differential equations
of the Grewal, B.S. book.
********************************************************************************************