Arboriculture

BASIC AGRICULTURAL
PRODUCTION AND NATURAL

RESOURCES CONSERVATION
Level-I
Learning Guide-1
Unit of Competence: Support Arboriculture Work
Module Title: Supporting Arboriculture Work
LG Code: AGR BAN1 M07 LO1-LG-01
TTLM Code: AGR BAN1 M07 TTLM 0919v1
LO 1: Prepare for ground support

operations
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Instruction Sheet Learning Guide #1
This learning guide is developed to provide you the necessary information regarding the
following content coverage and topics:
 Receiving and clarifying instruction for ground support operation

 Identification of OHS hazards
 Selecting of tools, equipments and machinery
 Carry out pre-operational and safety checks.
 Selecting ,checking ,using and maintaining safety equipment and PPE
This guide will also assist you to attain the learning outcome stated in the cover page.
Specifically, upon completion of this Learning Guide, you will be able to:
 Receive and clarify instruction for ground support operation.

 Identify of OHS hazards
 Select tools, equipments and machinery
 Carryout pre-operational and safety checks.
 Select ,check ,use and maintain safety equipment and PPE
Learning Instructions:
1. Read the specific objectives of this Learning Guide.
2. Follow the instructions described below 3 to 6.
3. Read the information written in the information “Sheet 1, Sheet 2, Sheet 3, Sheet 4” and
Sheet 5”.
4. Accomplish the “Self-check 1, Self-check t 2, Self-check 3 and Self-check 4” and Self-
check 5 in page -6, 11, 14,18 and 23 respectively.
5. If you earned a satisfactory evaluation from the “Self-check” proceed to “Operation Sheet
1” in page -24.
6. Do the “LAP test” in page – 25 (if you are ready).
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Information Sheet-1 Receiving and clarifying instruction for ground support operation
1.1 introductions
Arboriculture” means the management and care of amenity trees in the general community.
An arborist, or (less commonly) arboriculture’s, is a professional in the practice of

arboriculture, which is the cultivation, management, and study of individual trees, shrubs,
vines, and other perennial woody plants. Arborists generally focus on the health and safety of
individual plants and trees, rather than managing forests (the domains of Forestry and
Silvicultural) or harvesting wood. An arborist's scope of work is therefore distinct from that of
either a forester or a logger, though the professions share much in common.
Arborists gain qualifications to practice arboriculture in a variety of ways and some arborists
are more qualified than others. Experience working safely and effectively in and around trees
is essential. Arborists tend to specialize in one or more disciplines of arboriculture, such as
diagnosis and treatment, climbing and pruning, cabling and lightning protection, or perhaps
consultation and report writing. All these disciplines are related and some arborists are very
well experienced in all areas of tree work, but not all arborists have the training or experience
to properly practice every discipline.
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1.1.1 Why we need arborist?
Trees in urban landscape settings are often subject to disturbances, whether human or
natural, both above and below ground. They may require care to improve their chances of
survival following damage from either biotic or abiotic causes. Arborists can provide
appropriate solutions, such as pruning trees for health and good structure, for aesthetic
reasons, and to permit people to walk under them (a technique often referred to as "crown
raising"), or to keep them away from wires, fences and buildings (a technique referred to as
"crown reduction"). Timing and methods of treatment depend on the species of tree and the
purpose of the work. To determine the best practices, a thorough knowledge of local species
and environments is essential.
1.2 Instructions
Are statement of command, a spoken or written statement of what must be done, especially
delivered formally, with official authority, or as an order
Effective Instructional communication means to give and receive accurate, timely and
relevant information and encourage opportunities for feedback. Hence, Instructional
communication includes elements that would facilitate the effective sending and receiving of
timely and accurate information and feedback..
In ground support operations, there are informal methods of Instructions, such as

conversations between workers, and formal methods such as memos from the
management. These different methods allow information to reach the right people
and help ground support operations towards its goals. In order to receive and clarify
instructions, a person does need to be able to listen and speak clearly and present
ideas in a logical, well ordered manner. However, another factor is also extremely
important if instruction is to be effective. A good receive is a good listener and
observer. Unless a person listens and observes to what is being said and, no
instructions actually takes place.
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In order to receive instructions, gather information and follow instructions correctly,
you need to practice effective listening.
In the workplace, effective listening helps you to:-

 understand instructions clearly
 learn from others
 convey clear messages
 promote good listening in others (if you are prepared to listen to others, they will be
prepared to listen to you)
 offer ideas and take part in discussions
 co-operate with others and work well in a team
 understand the ideas and suggestions of others
 respond in an appropriate manner
During your crew talk, discuss the following: Scope of the

work to be done
 Location of work and circuit numbers

 Hazards involved (for example, voltage of any electrical conductors, uneven terrain,
dangerous trees, or high traffic areas)
 Conditions that add to any of the hazards (for example, extreme weather)
 Procedures and equipment that will be used to perform the work safely and to avoid
the identified hazards
 Placement of the established hazard areas or work zones
 Emergency plans (for example, the location of and route to the nearest hospital)
 Means of communication (for example, company radios, electrical utility radios,
or cellular phones)
 Applicable rules and regulations (for example, WCB requirements and municipal
by-laws)
 Traffic control procedures
 Additional information relevant to your specific worksite
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Self-Check- 1 Written Test
Directions: Answer all the questions listed below. Use the Answer sheet provided in the
next page:
1. What is arboriculture stands for? (1 point)
2. What are ground support operations in arboretum works? (2 point)
3. What is the purpose of ground support operations? (2 point)
4. What are work instructions for ground support operations? (2 point)
5. What is receiving work instructions for ground support operations refers to? (1
point)
6. From whom do you receive and to whom you are supposed to clarify work
instructions? (2 point)
7. What tools, equipment and machinery will be used in arboretum ground support
works? (4 point)
Note: Satisfactory rating - 7 points and above Unsatisfactory - below 7 points
You can ask you teacher for the copy of the correct answers.
Answer Sheet
Score = ___________
Rating: ____________
Name: _________________________ Date: _______________

Short Answer Questions
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Identification of OHS hazards2
Information Sheet-2
Any number of hazards may prevent a tree from being climbed. The climbing team must
perform a thorough tree hazard assessment before any tree is climbed. Remember, no tree
is worth a human life. Hazards are generally grouped into two categories: environmental
hazards and tree hazards. The following lists of potential hazards represent a starting point
for the focus of a hazard tree assessment. In special situations where hazards cannot be
mitigated, consider seeking additional help from specialists or receiving additional training
before performing any work.
2.1 Environmental Hazards

The climbing team must assess the environmental hazards at each tree and monitor the
weather throughout the day for changes that could make climbing more hazardous. Never
climb a tree under any of the following conditions.
 The wind speed exceeds 25 mph or the wind is blowing in gusts. In light winds, try to
keep your back to the wind. Does treetop work first, when conditions permit? If winds
increase later, it may still be safe to work lower in the tree.
 It is not fully daylight. Visibility is especially important late in the day when fatigue is a
factor. Do not start a tree climb that cannot be completed in full daylight.
 Air temperature is low enough to create an unsafe condition in your judgment. Be
particularly aware of cold temperatures. Cold impairs dexterity, especially in the
fingers, which can jeopardize your ability to accomplishtasks safely.
 A lightning storm is close. If you are in a tree when a lighting storm appears imminent,
descend as quickly and safely as possible.
 A rainstorm is imminent. Wet branches are slippery. A wet rope may not be as strong
as a dry one.
 A power line is close enough to the tree that you, your equipment, or the tree
branches could come in contact with the power line. Consider any tree suspect if a
power line is anywhere in the vicinity. DO NOT climb any tree that is closer than 10
feet from energized electrical conductors.
2.2 Tree Hazards

Check every tree thoroughly before the climb. Both team members should walk around the
tree and assess it for potential hazards. Many hazards can be compensated for easily,
allowing the tree to be climbed safely. Other trees have severe hazards that preclude them
from being climbed unless a special need exists, the climber is properly trained and
equipped, and any hazards are mitigated. When climbing any tree, if you encounter a hazard
that cannot be mitigated, descend immediately.
The following hazards may prevent a tree from being climbed, if it is not possible to
compensate for them.
 Branch stubs or dead branches. Never use branch stubs or dead branches for
support. Remove deadbranches while ascending the tree if there is a chance they
might be used inadvertently while descending.
 Abnormally large amounts of branch mortality. These conditions may indicate
unsafe limbs and hiddenrot. This is mainly a problem in conifers.
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 The ingrown bark does not have the strength of wood. The union is much weaker
than one that has more wood. The included bark may also act as a wedge and force
the branch union to separate.
 Poor tree architecture. Poor architecture is a growth pattern that indicates weakness
or structural imbalance.Poor architecture often arises after many years of damage
from storms, unusual growing conditions, improper pruning, topping, and other
damage.
 Forked boles and spiked top. Unless the tree species naturally forks, do not climb
above a forked bole. Treatany fork with suspicion, because the fork is potentially a
weak point. Never climb into a dead or spiked top. Forks sometimes indicate an old,
broken top.
 Cankers. A canker is a localized area on the stem or branch of a tree, where the bark
is sunken or missing.Wounding or disease causes cankers. Stems are more likely to
break near the canker.
 Cracks. Deep splits through the bark that extend into the wood of the tree are
primarily a problem in deciduous trees. Cracks are extremely hazardous, because
they indicate that the tree is failing. These trees should be evaluated by a person
familiar with the species and climbed by certified climbers who are properly trained
and equipped for the hazards associated with the job.
 Decay. A decaying tree can be prone to failure. Decay is primarily a problem in
deciduous trees. The presenceof decay by itself does not indicate that the tree is
hazardous.
 Root problems. Trees with root problems may fall without warning for any number or
reasons, especially when the tree’s leaves grow in summer, increasing the weight the
tree must support. Besides decay, roots mayhave a number of other problems.
 Animals in the tree. Even small chipmunks can cause enough commotion to startle a
climber and create a hazardous situation. It is best to return to the tree at a later date
and climb it when the animal is not present or to designate the tree as unsafe to climb
without special training and precautions.
 Large birds nesting in the tree. Be cautious of birds nesting in the tree that is being
climbed or in nearby trees. Even small nesting birds can create hazardous situations
when they are threatened.
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2.3 Chainsaw hazards
Many serious and fatal injuries in the tree-care industry have involved chainsaws and other
power saws. Before operating a chainsaw, make sure you understand the basic operating
principles and techniques. Also, familiarize yourself with the operator's manual for the
particular saw you are using.
The three main hazards you face when using a chainsaw are:
· Cuts
· Noise
· Vibration
 Cuts
o Cuts are the most common type of injury that results from chainsaw use.
Chainsaw cuts can range from minor hand injuries when filing the chain to
major amputations resulting from kickback. The most serious cuts result from
kickback. A saw can kick back with surprising force in less than a second,
leaving no time to react If you are poorly positioned, resulting injuries can be
severe. Statistically, your "offside" is most likely to be injured when you use
a chainsaw. For example, if you are right-handed, your left arm and left leg
are most at risk.
 Noise
o Always wear earmuffs or earplugs when using a chainsaw. Not wearing proper
hearing protection can lead to permanent hearing loss.
 Vibration
o Over time, chainsaw vibration can cause circulatory problems in your fingers.
This can lead to a condition called white finger disease or Raynaud's syndrome.
This condition causes the fingers to turn white and lose feeling when exposed to
cold or vibration.
o To reduce your likelihood of developing this condition, follow these precautions:
Make sure your saw has vibration dampening (rubber bushings between the
handle and the engine section).
· Keep the chain properly filed.
· Do not hold the saw so tightly that your hands cramp.
· Keep warm during work
General precautions
Workers must wear appropriate personal protective equipment when using a chainsaw:
· A hard hat
· Work gloves
· Appropriate CSA-approved footwear
· Safety glasses and a face screen
· Hearing protection
· Chainsaw pants
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2.4 Electrical hazards
Many workers, including certified utility arborists, have been injured or died as a result of
electrical contact. If you work around electrical conductors, you need to know how electricity
works and how to work safely near it. Only certified utility arborists are permitted to perform
utility line clearance work in close proximity to high-voltage energized conductors.
Why energized high-voltage systems are dangerous
If anything touches a high-voltage power line or if a power line falls on the ground, electricity will
flow to the ground, energizing the tree or equipment and anything in contact with it. The
surrounding ground may be extremely hazardous. The voltage gradually decreases from the
point of contact until it reaches zero. Allow at least 10 m (33 ft.) for line voltages up to 138 kV
(138,000 volts) and even greater distances for voltages above 138 kV.
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Self-Check -2 Written Test
next page:
1. What are safety procedures of working in trees? (3 point)
2. What are potential hazards of working in trees? (3 point)
Note: Satisfactory rating – 3 points and above Unsatisfactory - below 3 points
Answer Sheet
Score = ___________
Rating: ____________
Name: _________________________ Date: _______________

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Selection of Tools, Equipment and Machinery
Information Sheet-3
3.1 Selecting Tools, Equipment and Machinery
During selection of tools, equipment and machineries for supporting arboricultural works,
before hand you have to think about all individual type of activities that should be
implemented and with this, what kind of instrument can help accomplish the work selected.
Based on these concepts arboricultural activities are of different types and exposing to risk
on the workers. Because using sharp blades sows, climbing the tree, pollarding, activities will
be practiced. Assuming the above conditions and better performance of the objective the
following tools, equipments and machineries are selected below.
Axe: is used for tree cutting operations
Work wear: This cloth is a type of cloth which covers all the body part except the
head and the fingers. It is used to protect the body from dirty.
Chain saws: is used for mechanical cutting of trees.
Pruning tools: these tools used for tree pruning activities.
Footwear: it is used to protect leg from sharpen and other damaging
Ladders: used for climbing to different tree branches
Gloves: which is made of leather or strong flexible plastic rubber, it used to cover
fingers to protect from sharpen materials.
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Rakes: this hand tools is used to rake out (collect) waste materials
from greenery work grounds’.
Helmet: used for protecting head.
Harnesses: it is set of equipment used to protect the worker ting with branches of
trees.
Ropes: It is protecting material used during climbing a tree.
Climbing Equipment (set): used to protect a worker from falling hazards.
Traffic control: this symbol or sign of OHS is used to show the work site workers
are on at work.
Grass cutter: This machinery is used for cutting grass
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next page:
1. List, at least five (5) types of tools, equipment and machineries used for arboricultural
work(5 points)
Answer Sheet
Score = ___________
Rating: ____________
Name: _________________________ Date: _______________

Information Sheet-4
Carryout pre-operational and safety checks
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4.1 Pre-operational and safety checks
Per-operational conditions that should be considered are selecting the required type of tools,
equipments and machineries restoring and check them functional in relation to safety
verification of tools, equipment and machineries. Here we have to have all the required
materials with functional condition and its safety should be checked and demonstrated before
starting any operations of arboricultural works. Because any mistakes done before operation
may result in harm and injury.
1. Every employer shall nominate a competent person to be in charge of each operation.

That person shall exercise such supervision as will ensure that the work is performed in a
safe manner at all times. A competent person shall be nominated to take charge if it is
necessary for this person to leave the operation.
2. Every employer shall exercise such supervisions will ensure that work is performed in a
safe manner at all times.
Employers shall also ensure that all workers are properly instructed and trained in the
work they are required to perform and the dangers or hazards involved in each
operation.
a. Should any employer hire an experienced worker, the new employee shall (before being
allowed to work unsupervised) be required to visually demonstrate to the employer or the
person in charge that they have the competence to safely accomplish the work they may
be required to perform. Workers holding availed and approved training qualification shall
be considered experienced in those skills or special skills in which they have qualified.
b. Should an employer hire an inexperienced worker, the employer shall providethe

instruction or training required and ensure close supervision until the employee
demonstrates their competency to work safely in the job they are to perform.
Training while off the ground shall be on a one-to-one basis.

 All workers shall acquaint themselves with the relevant safety provisions of this code for
each operation, and shall take all necessary precautions to ensure their own safety and
the safety of others engaged in each particular operation.
 No person shall work in or visit an arboriculture operation while under the influence of
drugs or alcohol.
 Where any operation becomes dangerous because of high winds, wet weather, poor
visibility or other adverse conditions, the employer or person in charge shall suspend all
such operations while such conditions exist. In emergency situations, work should be the
minimum to make the situation safe.
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 Before any work is carried out, or any climbing is done, proper inspections of the work
area shall be carried out to identify hazards to the worker. These may be decay or rot,
dead branches, suspended materials such as branches, interlocking branches or power
lines, either within or close to the crown. All workers shall be given clear instructions on
the work to be done and any hazards involved, to themselves, property or to the public.
 Unless training on a one-to-one basis or directly assisting in the operation, only one
person shall normally be up a tree at one time. Generally at least two persons shall be
employed at any time on tree work. However, specialists with competent experience who
are properly equipped with the appropriate working and safety equipment, may work on
their own on general tree work. Where any doubt exists as to their safety or wellbeing
because of the nature of the work, or any hazard to the public, a further person shall be
present.
 While working on their own in other circumstances, a worker's presence and welfare shall
be ascertained at least once in any work period in which that person is so engaged and at
the completion of each work period. As a guideline, this time should not exceed 2 hours.
 No person under the age of 15 shall work in any arboriculture operation. Work carried out
by young persons shall not be beyond their physical capabilities, and they shall be fully
trained or in training under adequate supervision while engaged in an arboriculture
operation.
 No person under the age of 15 years shall, without the permission of the person in charge
and unless under constant supervision of responsible person, be permitted in the vicinity
of arboricultural operations. All vehicles used in conjunction with an arboriculture
operation shall have a current Warrant of Fitness.
 All tree work sites shall be left safe at the end of each work period. At close of work for
the day, provision must be made for the safety of all persons during darkness
4.2 Machinery
No machine shall be used unless it is:
a. Properly maintained in a sound and safe condition and inspected at least daily;
b. Suitable for the operation in capacity and design;
c. Operated by a competent person (or person training under adequate supervision);
d. Where appropriate, equipped with brakes that are capable of holding the machine
4.3 Ladder
Selecting a ladder
 Follow these guidelines when selecting a ladder for utility line clearance work:
 Do not use metal or other conductive ladders near an electrical hazard.
 Do not use ladders that appear to be unsafe, have broken or missing steps, or have
cracked side rails or hardware.
 Do not paint wooden ladders. Paint hides cracks, breaks, and other defects.
Using a ladder
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Follow these guidelines when using a ladder:
· Inspect the ladder before use.

· Place the ladder base on firm footing at a distance from the tree base
equal to one-quarter the length of the ladder itself (a 4:1 ratio).
· Secure the ladder base using cleats, metal points, or non-skid feet to
prevent slipping.
· Tie the ladder to the tree to keep the ladder from slipping sideways.
· Use both hands when climbing the ladder.
· Use the ladder according to the manufacturer's specifications.
· Maintain limits of approach when using the ladder near
conductors. Do not position the ladder horizontally to
support weight. Do not reach out from the ladder more than an
arm's length.
· Never stand on the top two rungs of the ladder unless you are tied in to
the tree.
· Never lean the ladder against wires for support or in a position where it
could fall.
· Maintain three-point contact on the ladder (two hands and one foot or two
feet and one hand).
4.4 Hand tools
Hand saws, pole saws, and pruners are the main hand tools used for utility line clearance
work. Use all tools according to the manufacturer's guidelines. Do not use damaged or
defective tools.
a. Hand saws
When using a hand saw, follow these safety precautions:
· Avoid "bulling" the saw through the wood. Bulling causes binding and uses
a great deal of energy. Instead, keep the saw straight and apply slight
downward pressure on it. This will keep the saw from binding or jumping out
of the wood.
· Always keep your free hand away from the saw's cutting area. Keep your
legs out of the saw's path.
· Do not use the saw's cutting edge to knock off branches. This will damage
the teeth and dull the blade.
· Do not bend, drop, or throw the saw.
· Keep the saw stored in a scabbard when you are not using it.
b. Pole saws and pruners

When using a pole saw or pruner, follow these safety precautions:
o Always be aware of the tool's position relative to any electrical conductor. This applies
not only to the sawing or cutting end of the tool but to its opposite end as well. Do
not violate limits of approach when using pole saws or pruners.
o While working aloft, hang the pole securely in the tree within an arm's length when
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you are not using it. Keep the tool’s sharp edges facing away from you.Never hang
pole saws or pruners on conductors or cables of any kind.
o Never pick up a pruner with your fingers in the cutting head. The cutting head can be
accidentally activated if caught on a limb or other object.
o Store pole saws where they won't injure people passing the truck.
o Do not store blades loosely with other tools or ropes.
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next page:
1. What pre-operational and safety checks on tools, equipment and machinery
would be conducted in ground support operations? (4 point)
Note: Satisfactory rating - 2 points and above Unsatisfactory – below 2 points
Answer Sheet
Score = ___________
Rating: ____________
Name: _________________________ Date: _______________

Page 19 of 94
Information Sheet- 5 Selecting ,checking ,using and maintaining safety equipment and
PPE
5.1 Personal protective equipment
When performing utility line clearance work, protect yourself from hazards by wearing
personal protective equipment such as a hard hat and safety glasses. Essential personal
protective equipment for utility arborists, apprentice utility arborists, and ground personnel
includes:
 A hard hat (Head protection)

· Safety-toe work boots
· Work gloves
· Earmuffs or earplugs
· Safety glasses and a visor
· High-visibility apparel (when required)
· Chainsaw pants or chaps
· A whistle (or other communications equipment)
Protective clothing, equipment and appliances are complementary to, not a substitute
for, full instruction, sufficient training and adequate supervision.
5.1 .1Head protection
Wear a CSA-approved hard hat when performing utility line clearance work
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5.1 .2 Foot protection
Use the "logger's tie" to prevent boot laces from untying.
5.1 .3 Hand protection
Nylon-mesh gloves protect against cuts and provide good grip.
5.1 .4Hearing protection
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Wear appropriate earplugs or earmuffs when using a chainsaw.
5.1 .5 Eye and face protection
Wear appropriate safety glasses for utility line clearance work. Wear safety glasses and a
wire visor for chipping.
5.1 .6 Clothing
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5.1 .7 Leg protection
Wear chainsaw pants or chaps that meet the current WCB standard to prevent cuts when
using a chainsaw. Cotton or wool material is better than nylon, which is moderately
flammable and will melt while burning. Protective padding should extend from the top of the
thigh to below the top of the boot and cover the back of the calf. Do not sew or stitch
protective padding. Replace pads that are matted or torn. Suspenders are recommended
for use with chainsaw pants because they keep the pants in a comfortable position, even
when the pants are rain-soaked. To allow for freedom of movement, keep the waistband and
legs of chainsaw pants loose.
Chainsaw pants offer better protection than chaps.
5.2 Communications equipment
When working away from a vehicle, carry a whistle, two-way radio, or other means of
summoning help. A whistle is the easiest, cheapest, and most commonly used emergency
communications device. Pin it within easy reach of your mouth (for example, to your
suspenders) for easy access. Use it only for emergencies
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next page:
1. What are safety equipment and personal protective equipment (PPE)? (2 point)
2. When and how do you select, check, use and maintain suitable safety equipment and
personal protective equipment (PPE)? (4 point)
Note: Satisfactory rating - 3 points and above Unsatisfactory – below 3 points
Answer Sheet
Score = ___________
Rating: ____________
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Name: _________________________ Date: _______________
Operation Sheet -1 Prepare For Ground Support Operations
Purpose: at the end of this lesson the trainees will be able to:-
 Prepare For Ground Support Operations
Tools and Equipment: Axe, pruning tools, foot wear, gloves, rakes, traffic control…
Machinery: Chainsaw…
General procedures that should be followed by the workers:
Step-1: Select the work unit site
Step-2: Identify the trees of arboricultural practices needy
Step-3: Identify tools and equipments required for the accomplishment of the activity to be
done.
Step-4: prepare climbing tools and its accesses perfectly and checking.
Step-5: Climbing
Step-6: Maintain clean work site during operation
Step-7: Start operation
Step-8: Continue communication and observing the above one with ground person on
facilitating send and receive processes of required materials
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Step-9: Descend down and finish work.
LAP Test Practical Demonstration
Name: _____________________________ Date: ________________

Time started: ________________________ Time finished: ________________
Instructions: Given necessary templates, tools and materials you are required to perform
the following tasks within 2-3 hours.
Task 1: Show or demonstrate procedures for Ground Support Operations.
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BASIC AGRICULTURAL
Level-I
Learning Guide-2

LO 2: Maintain a clear work site

during operation
Instruction Sheet Learning Guide # 2
Page 27 of 94
 Keeping away persons not involved in the work operation

 Placing rescue equipments within easy access.
 Keeping drop zones free from debris.
 Keep away persons not involved in the work operation

 Place rescue equipments within easy access.
 Keep drop zones free from debris.
9. Read the information written in the information “Sheet 1, Sheet 2 and Sheet 3”.
10. Accomplish the “Self-check 1, Self-check 2, and Self-check 3” in page -30, 33, and 35
respectively.
Information Sheet-1 Keeping away persons not involved in the work operation
1.1 Hazard areas

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Utility arborists must consider two variables when establishing a hazard area:
· The distance that the hazard area will extend outward from the base of the tree — a
minimum of either 1 1/2 or 2 times the length of the piece being removed (see below)
· The direction from the base of the tree — either a semicircle (180° or less) or a complete
circle (360°) around the tree
The size and shape of the hazard area will depend on the hazards present, the type of
work you are doing, and the process you are using. Some trees require large hazard areas
that completely encircle the tree, while other trees require relatively small hazard areas in
only a portion of the area below the tree.
The normal standard under the Occupational Health and Safety Regulation for falling trees is
that all workers other than the faller must be clear of the hazard area extending outward at
least 2 times the height of the tree being felled, 360° around the base of the tree. This
requirement is generally practicable for production falling and for land or right-of-way
clearing.
Fallers should always plan escape routes when falling trees. The best escape routes
are usually 45° away from the tree and the intended direction of the fall.
Plumb trees without a ground slope generally require a hazard area that extends outward 11/2
times the length of the portion of tree being removed. If you do not use rigging to control the
direction of fall, the hazard area must extend 360° around the base of the tree.
If you use rigging when falling a plumb tree without a ground slope, you can limit the hazard area to
a 180° semicircle in the intended direction of tree fall.
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Trees leaning away from the direction of fall require a hazard area 360° around the base of the
tree, even when you are using rigging. The hazard area must extend outward at least 11/2 times
the length of the portion of tree being removed.
Warn other workers before dropping a limb from a tree. Yell "Clear!" then wait for
workers on the ground to respond "All clear!" before dropping the limb.
next page:
1. Why we are conducting keeping away persons those not participating in arboricultural
operation from work place of tree pruning?(3 points)
2. What are special considerations that should be understood about store of arboricultural
equipments? (3 points)
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Note: Satisfactory rating - 3 points and above Unsatisfactory - below 3points
Answer Sheet
Score = ___________
Rating: ____________
Name: _________________________ Date: _______________

Information Sheet-2 Placing rescue equipments within easy access
2.1 Rescue Equipment
Equipment needed to aid an incapacitated climber in a tree consists of the basic

equipment, plus additional rescue and first-aid items.
Place rescue equipment in a pack reserved for rescue purposes only. Plainly mark the
pack for this use. List the pack’s contents on a tag or include a contents list inside the pack.
Before each assignment, make sure all the items are in the pack and that they are in good
condition. This rescue gear must be readily available during all climbing operations.
2.1.1 Recommended Items for the Rescue Pack
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1. One 10-unit (minimum) first-aid kit that includes a body fluid barrier kit.
2. Flashlight and extra batteries.
3. Roll of brightly colored flagging.
4. Waterproof matches.
5. Two blankets sealed in plastic. These can be used for treating shock or for splinting.
6. Backboard (collapsible, if available).
7. Long and short splints (in addition to those that may be in the first-aid kit).
8. Cervical collars (two adjustable collars or a range of sizes). These are to be used only by
trained personnel.
9. Eye wash or a bottle of sterile water to wash out the eyes (in addition to materials that
may be in the first-aid kit).
10. Two rescue pulleys (minimum).
11. Four locking carabineers (minimum).
12. Several 10- to 12-foot lengths of webbing or rope, plus 50 feet of 1-inch tubular
webbing or static 11-millimeter rope
13. Heavy-duty metal shears or a small hacksaw for cutting jammed carabineers or steel-
core lanyards.
14. A rope suitable for rescue, if such a rope is not included with basic climbing equipment
This part provides first aid and rescue procedures to use in emergency situations in which
a worker is injured. This part includes the following sections:
· First aid
· Aerial rescue
First aid
When workers are injured on the job, first aid can help reduce the impact of their
injuries, prevent further injuries from occurring, and keep them alive until help arrives.
Aerial rescue
If a member of your crew is injured while in a tree or aerial lift, you may need to use aerial-
rescue techniques to retrieve the worker so first aid can be administered. Only workers trained
in aerial rescue should attempt aerial rescue.
Employers must document aerial-rescue techniques and must train workers in these
techniques. All necessary rescue equipment must be available at the worksite.
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next page:
1. How do you define the word rescue and its equipment in arboriculture operation? (6
points)
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Answer Sheet
Score = ___________
Rating: ____________
Name: _________________________ Date: _______________

Information Sheet-3 Keeping drop zones free from debris
3.1Drop zones
 A rope should never be stepped on, driven over, or have other equipment piled on it.
This can grind abrasive dirt into the fibers or abrade or cut the outside surface. Sharp
or heavy objects can cause unseen damage that may cause unexpected failure.
 New rope should never be washed, rinsed, or soaked before initial use because of the
naturally slippery quality that makes it soft and supple. The fibers adjust favorably,
depending on use. Washing a new rope tends to remove the natural slipperiness,
causing it to become dry and brittle, thereby shortening its life.
 Rope should only be washed when very dirty. Wash ropes to keep dirt from working
its way inside, where it can abrade and weaken internal fibers.
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 When a rope must be washed, check the manufacturer’s instructions. If acceptable,
first soak pitchy areas with hand cleaner, then wash by hand or in a front-loading
machine with mild detergent in warm water. Drip dry out of direct sunlight; never
machine dry.
 Proper storage maximizes a rope’s useful life. Store rope in a cool, dark, dry place.
Exposure to direct sunlight rapidly deteriorates rope fibers. Untie all knots before
storage and never hang a rope over a nail, small diameter peg, or hook. Ideally, rope
should be coiled and stored in a rope bag that can be closed tightly.
 Never wash, rinse, or soak new webbing before initial use. New webbing is naturally
slippery, which makes it soft and supple. Washing new webbing tends to remove the
natural slipperiness, causing it to become dry and brittle and shortening its life.
 Dirt will damage webbing over time through abrasion. When necessary, wash dirty
webbing in warm water with mild detergent to reduce the likelihood of abrasion.
 Avoid heat and direct sunlight when drying webbing.
 Before storing, remove knots if webbing is to be retied in different configurations in the
future. If webbing is tied in a permanent configuration (such as safety straps and
etriers), leave knots in place to help them “set.”
 Store webbing in a cool, dark, dry place.
 Never store webbing where it can be stepped on or have equipment piled on top of it;
this can cause internal wear by grinding abrasive dirt into the fibers or direct damage
by abrasion or cutting.
 Examine fibers closely for wear. Retire webbing before 30 percent of the surface
fibers are worn at any place along the webbing.
 Keep webbing used for life support separated from utility cordage. Mark utility cordage
so it can be distinguished from material used for life support.
 Never use life-support webbing for vehicle towing or subject it to other such abuse.
 Store ladders indoors in a dry location, either on a flat surface or standing nearly
vertical with no weight on the span.
 Remove dirt and pitch after each use.
 Keep electrical warnings on metal ladders legible.
 Oil the bearing points on metal tripod ladders periodically.
 Before each use, inspect ladders for defective parts and for cuts, dents, bends, or
burrs on the rungs and rails.
 Inspect all screws, nuts, and bolts to ensure that they are securely tightened before
use. Inspect rivets that hold the upright prongs on sectional ladders.
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next page:
1. What is drop zone? (5 points)
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Answer Sheet
Score = ___________
Rating: ____________
Name: _________________________ Date: _______________

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BASIC AGRICULTURAL
Level-I
Learning Guide-3
LO 3: Provide ground support for

tree climbers
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 Maintaining clear communication between ground crew and operator

 Receiving and clarifying non-verbal signs of communications
 Raising and lowering equipments for climbers
 Performing rope handling techniques
 Maintain clear communication between ground crew and operator

 Receive and clarifying non-verbal signs of communications
 Raise and lower equipments for climbers
 Perform rope handling techniques

3. Read the information written in the information “Sheet 1, Sheet 2, Sheet 3 and Sheet 4”.
4. Accomplish the “Self-check 1, Self-check t 2, Self-check 3 and Self-check 4” in page -41,
43, 47 and 51 respectively.
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Maintaining clear communication between ground crew and
Information Sheet-1 operator
1.1 Tips for better workplace communication

Do you think communication is mostly done through words? What if you found out that
communication is actually 70% non-verbal? That means it’s your body language including
your movements, eyes and even hands that say things more often and louder than your
mouth. The ability to communicate with clarity and effectiveness is an imperative skill for
organizational leaders. Here are important ways to make your communication more
productive and effective
1. Provide clear information
Passing information from one person to the next is the purpose of workplace communication.
If your communication isn’t complete and accurate, it can cause confusion instead of clarity.
Carefully plan your communication to be sure you are passing along the correct information
and the right amount so those you are communicating with understand what you want to say.
2. Communicate honestly
People know when something isn’t adding up. If you try to communicate something that isn’t
totally true and honest it will eventually be revealed. It’s difficult to maintain dishonest
communication in the workplace (or anywhere else) because it gets too complicated to hold
all of the stories together. Instead of saying things that aren’t totally true, just say less. Speak
the truth and leave the rest for later or don’t say it at all if it’s not true and honest.
3. Bring non-verbal and verbal communication together
Remember, communication is both non-verbal and verbal. Sometimes, a person says one
thing but acts in a different way. For instance, it’s not uncommon to hear someone say “Yes”
but shake his head in a horizontally which indicates “No” in a non-verbal way (in the US
culture that is). This sends mixed messages. Bring your communication together by being
conscious that your non-verbal and verbal messages are in agreement.
4.Listen
Listening is an important communication skill that is seldom done well. In order to actually
share information with another person, you have to hear what is being communicated. This
way you can respond to the actual message. Most conflict stems from poor listening. To help
learn how to listen well, take time to repeat what you here from the other person. Simply
paraphrase what you heard to verify accuracy. This will cut down on conflict and vastly
increase the effectiveness of your communications.
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5. Ask questions
Asking questions is a good way to verify what you hear so you respond appropriately.
Questions let the other person have the chance to clarify what they said. It also allows you to
hear a response in a different way or just hear it again in order to be sure of what you heard.
Make sure your questions relate specifically to what is being said. Don’t change the
conversation by bringing in a question on a totally different matter. Also use questions to
gather quick additional points that help you understand the conversation.
6. Let others talk
Have you ever been stuck in a meeting when only one person did all of the talking? Some
people even go so far as to ask a question and provide the answer? Few things are as
irritating as having a person dominate a conversation. A conversation is a two way event at a
minimum. Remember to let the others speak. Even if you have a lot to say, dominating a
conversation becomes a monologue, not a conversation. Solicit opinions, ask for response,
and bring others into the conversation. Sometimes, all it takes is to be quiet for a moment.
7. Engage in Difficult Conversations When necessary
Do you ever avoid saying what needs to be said or avoid a difficult conversation altogether?
Not saying something doesn’t make a situation go away. Instead, things usually just get
worse. Not communicating can also cause more stress and trauma in a situation. Instead of
avoiding difficult communications, sit down and plan out what you’re going to say. Actually
write down the important points in order to feel comfortable about what you have to say.
Make sure the tone you use is open and non-confrontational in order to encourage feedback
from the other person. Conversations aren’t always fun but getting the words out will relieve
the tension and let the matter move forward.
Obviously there’s a lot more that can be said about communications in the workplace.
Starting with these top seven tips provides a good beginning to making you a better
workplace communicator. Remember, practice makes perfect. Use daily opportunities to
practice your communication skills until you feel comfortable in any situation that arises in the
organization.
1.2 Improving communication in the workplace
1 Set a shared vision: All teams need to have a clearly defined goal, objective or vision
defined by their managers. The goal should be communicated to all team members and
referred back to over the duration of projects to ensure the team are all working towards
the same objective. These objectives may relate back to the company’s own innovation
strategy or specific products lines so are crucial to the overall success of the company’s
output.
2 Align team expectations to goals: Discussions need to be had with team members as
a group or individually to align expectations with regard to what needs to be done on the
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project, how it will be done, by whom and by when. These discussions help reduce the
chances of wrong assumptions being established, especially early on. Discussions
should be performed as part of your project change management procedure to make
sure everyone has a clear understanding of what tasks and activities are expected of
them when changes to plans occur.
3 Communicate clearly, regularly and equally: These are fundamental communication
skills in the workplace no matter what communication channel is used. All messages
need to be clear in order to ensure there is no ambiguity or lack of understanding.
Regular communications (by phone, e-mail, reports, etc.) ensures that constant progress
updates are be maintained and that issues/risks are rapidly being raised. Effective
communication in the workplace is made more difficult with remote teams as global team
members will gain more information. For remote team members to feel that they are a
strong part of the team, they should be communicated with as equally as local team
members. Be sensitive to understanding what is communication in workplace
environments like when team members are not in the same office
4 Use synchronous/asynchronous mediums appropriately: Synchronous
communication methods (e.g. telephone, video conferences/audio conferences, real-time
chat) provide rapid feedback and two-way discussions that are ideal for reducing
ambiguity, debating subjects and establishing assumptions and goals. Asynchronous
communications (e.g. e-mail, voice-mail or collaborative team rooms) are ideal for
informative messages such as updates, reports, etc. but not ideal when time is pressing
since you may not receive a response straightaway. You really need to become aware of
what communication techniques are important and applicable for the type of message
you’re sending (e.g. e-mails are not suited to debates on issues – this requires a phone
call or IM chat).
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Written Test
Self-Check -1
next page:
1. What are the advantages of communication link between ground crew and the
operator? (5 points)
Note: Satisfactory rating - 3points and above Unsatisfactory - below 3 points
Answer Sheet
Score = ___________
Rating: ____________
Name: _________________________ Date: _______________

Page 43 of 94
Information Sheet-2 Receiving and clarifying non-verbal signs of communications
2.1 Non-verbal signs of communications

While verbal communication is much studied and is the focus of much applied attention in
areas ranging from journalism to governance to entertainment, the fact is that human beings
communicate more through nonverbal means. Some estimates are that so-called body
language accounts for 65, 70, even 90 percent of human communication. Using the 70-
percent figure for body language, the voice accounts for another 20 percent or so, and
specific words only about 10 percent. Research conclusions may vary a bit, but the
consensus is clear: Nonverbal communication is hugely important in human interaction.
Nonverbal communication: is usually understood as the process of communication through
sending and receiving wordless (mostly visual) messages between people. Messages can be
communicated through gestures and touch, by body language or posture, by facial expression
and eye contact. Nonverbal messages could also be communicated through material
exponential; meaning, objects or artifacts (such as clothing, hairstyles or architecture).
Speech contains nonverbal elements known as paralanguage, including voice quality, rate,
pitch, volume, and speaking style, as well prosodic features such as rhythm, intonation, and
stress. Likewise, written texts have nonverbal elements such as handwriting style, spatial
arrangement of words, or the physical layout of a page. However, much of the study of
nonverbal communication has focused on face-to-face interaction, where it can be classified
into three principal areas: environmental conditions where communication takes place,
physical characteristics of the communicators, and behaviors of communicators during
interaction.
The saying, "Actions speak louder than words," is one way to think about nonverbal
communication. Nonverbal communication is an unspoken and unwritten process that sends
a message. It is talking without speaking.
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Written Test
Self-Check- 2
next page:
1. What is non-verbal communication? (5 points)
Answer Sheet
Score = ___________
Rating: ____________
Name: _________________________ Date: _______________

Information Sheet- 3 Raising and lowering equipments for climbers

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3.1Safe working procedures for the climber
Climbing work is not banned by the Regulations (the rum ours are wrong), however all tree
work involving work at height should be properly planned and appropriate work equipment
selected to make it as safe as possible. In addition to these general measures, tree climbing
using a rope and harness has to meet specific requirements set out in schedule. Climbing
work with a personal fall protection system – i.e. ropes and harness - can only be undertaken
if:
 a risk assessment has to be demonstrated so as to work can be performed safely
while using that system;
 the use of other, safer work equipment (e.g. mobile elevating work platforms) is not
justified;
 The user and sufficient number of persons have received adequate training specific to
the operation envisaged, including rescue techniques.
The main climbing techniques in tree work are either work positioning (e.g. changeover
climbing using a harness, friction knot and climbing line), or rope access and positioning (e.g.
foot locking). Within the tree, where possible, the system should be securely attached to two
load bearing anchor points. Each anchor point should be strong enough to support the
climber, work equipment and any foreseeable loading.
3.2 Karabiner loading

 Ensure karabiners are loaded correctly. It is essential that they are kept in correct
alignment. Secure climbing line and friction cord to the karabiner so that it is unlikely to
misalign or come into contact with the gate mechanism. Use an appropriate rope
termination and/or a rope holding accessory such as a plastic fast or rubber sleeve.
 Karabiners should not be ‘chain linked’ as this can easily lead to twisting and associated
pressure on the gate.
 Inspect karabiners carefully and maintain before and after use.
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 Monitor karabiners during use. The gate mechanism is susceptible to dirt buildup that
can affect its function.
 Clean the mechanism using soapy water followed by flushing with compressed air after
drying. Lubrication may also be necessary (see manufacturer’s recommendations).
 Check the mechanism function by opening the gate 10 mm and applying light rotational
pressure to the barrel to bias the mechanism towards the karabiner nose. Carefully rest
the gate onto the karabiner nose and release. The gate should return automatically to
the locking position.
NB The gate must function correctly and reliably before use.
3.3 Ladders
 Improper use of ladders is a major work hazard. The most common causes of
accidents are ascending or
 Descending improperly, failure to secure the ladder, holding objects while ascending
or descending or
 Structural failure of the ladder.
 Ladders made of metal or other electrically conductive material shall not be used in
the vicinity of power lines.
CARE AND MAINTENANCE
o Never paint a ladder as painting can obscure defects.
o Inspect wooden ladders regularly for loose or cracked rungs or stiles. Make sure nuts and
bolts are tight, locks work correctly, extension locks work as intended and rope and other
accessories are properly fixed and in good condition. Lubricate any moving parts.
o Metal ladders should be checked regularly for metal failure or corrosion. Particular
attention should be given to the junction of the stiles and the rungs, interlocking joints and
chains and pins. Ensure that style plugs, if fitted, are tight.
o Store ladders where they are protected from the weather, in a dry location and away from
excessive heat.
o Wooden ladders stored horizontally shall be supported at both ends and in the middle to
prevent sag. Never store materials on ladders.
3.4 Using climbing irons

 When using climbing irons, the climber should be secured to the tree with a climbing
rope and/or a lanyard. Climbers using a chainsaw on an upright stem to which their
primary anchor is attached should use a steel core adjustable flip line positioned
above their climbing line.
 Only connect the climbing line and/or adjustable lanyard/flip line to approved climbing
attachment points on the harness. If attached centrally, ensure that the karabiner/s is
not subjected to inappropriate loading. When using the lanyard from the side Dryings,
take care to avoid the karabiner gates contacting objects and ‘rolling’ open.
 Check that the climbing line and the steel core adjustable flip line are not at risk of
being cut by the chainsaw.
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Peruse inspection
o Climbers should check all equipment for excessive wear, damage or defects before use.
o Interim inspections of equipment subject to high levels of wear and tear should be
recorded, and climbing equipment should be ‘thoroughly examined’ by a ‘competent
person’ every six months (see ‘Further reading’ for more information).
o Withdraw defective equipment from use and destroy it, or mark it in such a way that it
cannot be used by mistake.
o Keep safety equipment and protective clothing clear of cutting tools, fuel, chemicals and
any other potential hazards at all times while on site, and during storage or transit to
avoid damage through contamination.
Storage
 Check, maintain and store all tree climbing equipment in accordance with manufacturer’s
instructions. Dry wet equipment thoroughly before storage, eg in a well-ventilated
environment away from any direct heat source.
3.5 Responsibilities of ground staff
 Plan the job with the climber(s) before the work starts and be aware of the task(s)
involved. On busy sites consider dedicating a specific member of the ground staff to
each climber.
 Maintain effective communication with climbers at all times.
 Maintain concentration and watch the climbers. Anticipate their needs, passing up tools
and other equipment, when required.
 Keep climbing and work ropes on the ground free of knots, kinks, tangles, branch wood
and clear of machinery. Keep ropes in safe positions, eg away from obstructions,
vehicles, equipment and the public.
 Ensure the precautions taken to exclude the public and traffic from the work area are
maintained while work is in progress.
 Keep tools and equipment which are not in use away from the immediate work area.
 Control working ropes, but do not wrap a rope around any part of the body to gain extra
grip or purchase.
 Continually assess the operation and modify the work plan and risk assessment as
necessary. If at any stage you are unsure, stop the work in progress and reassess the
operation.
 Where possible share the workload with the climber(s).
Page 48 of 94
Written Test
Self-Check -3
next page:
1. Write and explain two techniques of climbing a tree? (4 points)
Answer Sheet
Score = ___________
Rating: ____________
Name: _________________________ Date: _______________

Page 49 of 94
Performing rope handling techniques
Information Sheet- 4
4.1 Rope handling

The working characteristics of a rope depend on the materials used to construct it and the
construction method. Not all ropes are suitable for tree climbing work. When selecting rope,
consider these points:
1. How will the rope be used—haul line, rappel line, lanyards, or 4-inch tie-in?
2. What rope properties are required for the intended use—static compared with
dynamic breaking strength?
3. What type of material is best for the intended use— nylon, Kevlar, manila, polyester,
or polyolefin?
4. What type of construction is best for the intended use—laid, kernmantle, or braided?
Because most tree climbing ropes are used for life support, it is critical that you be
thoroughly familiar with all aspects of the rope from the time it is purchased until it is retired
from service. If you are not personally familiar with the history of the rope you are going to
rely on, do not use it. Purchase ropes only from reputable dealers knowledgeable about
materials, construction, and breaking strengths. Never purchase used ropes.
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If you need to remove a large section of the tree in one piece, use rigging lines to control the fall
of the branch.
4.2 Techniques of safe rope handling
Arborists seek adventure in the canopies of trees. Recreational and professional climbers
use similar techniques to reach their lofty perch. Each tree climbing technique is designed to
ensure a climber's safety. However, experienced climbers use specific techniques for speed
and efficiency. In the case of tree removal services, a climber must use a technique that
allows him to work with his hands.
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4.2.1 Single-Rope Technique
Single-rope technique is used for fast ascents up large trees. The technique is often
employed by experienced arborists and rescue crews. In fact, arborists with prior expertise in
mountaineering, caving and rock climbing introduced the technique to the tree climbing
world. A tool called a crammed ascender attaches to an anchored rope and assists in
hoisting the climber's weight up the trunk of the tree. The technique accesses the canopy of
a tree, but is not efficient in traversing branches within the canopy.
4.2.2 Double-Rope Technique

The double-rope technique is preferred by beginning climbers and any climber wishing to
move around a tree's canopy. A rope is thrown over a branch. A thin throw rope is attached
to the free end of the anchor rope. The two ends of rope attach to a climbing saddle, a
padded harness that fits around a climber's hips. The climber uses a knot called Blake's hitch
to secure herself to the ropes. The same knot is used in rock climbing and caving, but in
these disciplines it is known as a prussic knot. The climber uses this pulling system of ropes
to hoist herself up to the tree canopy. When a climber wants to ascend past the branch
where the rope is secured, she tosses the throw rope to a higher branch and rescuers the
pulley system.
Written Test
Page 52 of 94
Self-Check- 4
next page:
1. Write the types of rope handling techniques. (4 points)
Answer Sheet
Score = ___________
Rating: ____________
Name: _________________________ Date: _______________

Page 53 of 94
BASIC AGRICULTURAL
Level-I
Learning Guide-4

LO 4: Receive and process tree

during operation
Page 54 of 94
 Using tools and equipments for operation

 Receiving and stacking tree pruning
 Preparing tree pruning for processing
 Undertaking process of tree pruning
 Maintaining surrounding environment from damage
 Use tools and equipments for operation

 Receive and stack tree pruning
 Prepare tree pruning for processing
 Undertake process of tree pruning
 Maintain surrounding environment from damage

3. Read the information written in the information “Sheet 1, Sheet 2, Sheet 3, Sheet 4 and
Sheet 5”.
4. Accomplish the “Self-check 1, Self-check t 2, Self-check 3, Self-check 4 and self check 5”
in page -56, 59, 61, 64 and 66 respectively.
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Using tools and equipments for operation
Information Sheet-1
1.1 Instructions for the usage of tools and equipment
Special characteristics of arboriculture works will force us to select very technical tools and
equipments of so much type and they most are industrial products passed through close
quality check up and inspection processes.
During accommodation process of tools and equipments by arboriculture enterprise, for each
and individual tools and equipments there will be printed free issues of users guide. This
users guides are also expresses all about “what it is” and “how to use” instructions.
The above situations give chances arbores and other support workers more to know the
instructions about tools and equipment. Therefore this instructions’ should be read
thoroughly and understood for each and individual tools and equipments before usage. For
instance, as an example:
Handsaws
The free hand should be held clear of the saw and, cuts are to be made way from the body.
Hand saws should have a suitable guard or scabbard complete with some means of
attachment to the worker’s belt for working aloft. A tool strop may be used.
Pole pruners
Manual pole pruners, pole saws and other similar tools with poles made of metal or other
conductive material shall not be used in line-clearance operations or in other operations
where electrical hazards exist. Never stand directly under the limb being pruned.
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If raising or lowering pole pruners for tree work aloft, attach the rope to the end of the tool so
it is less likely to be caught in branches, the rope must be attached below the cutting jaws
and not tied to or run through
Mechanical pruning
Where mechanical pruners are used, the safety specifications as recommended by the
manufacturer shall apply.
Page 57 of 94
next page:
1. Write some advantages of knowing instructions for the usage of tools and
equipment? (5 points)
Answer Sheet
Score = ___________
Rating: ____________
Name: _________________________ Date: _______________

Page 58 of 94
Information Sheet-2 Receiving and stacking tree pruning
2.1 Enterprise guidelines for tree pruning
Tree pruning activity enterprise is using different type of tools and equipments like climbing
materials which helps in conducting to safe work condition and safe situation to the climber,
also different cutting instruments with care and arrangements of drop zone. These all
considerations and responsibilities should be enclosed in the guidelines of the enterprise.
The enterprises guide line should also give good attention on training and demonstration of
any usage of tools and materials to persons participating in operations before engagement.
A tree may need pruning for a variety of reasons:
· To remove diseased or storm-damaged branches

· to thin the crown to permit new growth and better air circulation
· to reduce the height of a tree
· to remove obstructing lower branches
· to shape a tree for design purposes
Once the decision has been made to prune, your next decision is whether or not to tackle the
job yourself. In the case of a large tree where you want to remove big branches in the upper
area of the crown, it may be best to hire experts. Large tree pruning, in particular, can require
climbing and heavy saws or even cherry-pickers and chain saws. This is a job that should be
left to trained and experienced professionals. Never compromise personal safety in pruning a
tree.
2.2 How to Prune?
To prevent tearing of the bark and stem wood, particularly in the case of larger branches, use
the following procedure:
1. Make a small wedge shaped cut on the underside of the branch just on the branch side of
the stem collar. This will break the bark at that point and prevent a tear from running
along the bark and stem tissue.
2. Somewhat farther along the branch, starting at the top of the branch cut all the way
through the branch leaving a stub end.
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3. Finally, make a third cut parallel to and just on the branch side of the of the stem collar to
reduce the length of the stub as much as possible.
Page 60 of 94
next page:
1. What are the activities that should be done in preparation of tree pruning’s for
processing?(5 points)
Answer Sheet
Score = ___________
Rating: ____________
Name: _________________________ Date: _______________

Information Sheet-3 Preparing tree pruning for processing

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3.1 Preparation of tree pruning’s for processing
Right after an accomplishment of pruning activity there will be different type of tree valuable
products drooped on underneath ground here and there. This products like woody and non
woody, leaves, bark shears etc. will contributing to the bad scenario of the landscape and
disturb free walking accesses in the site where pruning was conducting.
Considering the above condition, also out puts or products of pruning activity should be
collected by type and stored separately for processing and all drop zones must be cleaned.
3.2 Instructions for processing of tree pruning
As indicated above (CO4, LO3) major products of tree pruning products means, branch
woody and leaves, bark shears, small cut particles will be collected and separately stored.
Woody parts will be cut and rearranged in the form of wood stock and measured in m3, then
will be transported to the market and generate income. But the other thing remnant parts
(leaves, bark shears, small cut particles ...) will be raked and collected from drop zone
ground for compost production.
 When pole pruning, the operator should wear a safety helmet with a suitable chin
strap or combination ear muffs which hold the helmet firmly in position.
 Workers must be at least 1.5 pole lengths apart while working. Never stand directly
under limbs being pruned and stand upwind to avoid windblown sawdust.
 If raising or lowering pole pruners for tree work, attach the rope to the end of the tool
so it is less likely to be caught in branches.
 When raising or lowering pole pruners with cutting jaws, the rope must be attached
below the cutting jaws and not tied to or run through the jaws to eliminate cutting off
the rope.
 Always carry pole pruners with the saw or jaws pointing forward and walk at least 1.5
times the pole length away from other workers.
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next page:
1. Write the Instructions for processing of tree pruning(6 points)
Answer Sheet
Score = ___________
Rating: ____________
Name: _________________________ Date: _______________

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Information Sheet-4 Undertaking process of tree pruning
4.1 Tree care

Trees make a major contribution to the quality of the local environment but they also need
careful management to avoid problems from nuisance or failure.
Increasing public concerns about environmental and sustainability issues are focusing our
attention on the importance of trees in our towns and countryside.
What are my legal rights in relation to nuisance from trees?
Avoiding Negligence All owners of trees have a duty in law, known as a duty of care to take
reasonable care to avoid acts or omissions that can be reasonably foreseen to prevent
harm. This includes harm to neighbors, visitors or passers by. In relation to trees this means
that the householders/ landowner should check their trees for obvious safety problems
regularly, and have them professionally inspected from time to time. Any defects required to
make the trees safe should be dealt with quickly. In addition, it would be prudent to check
trees after severe storms.
4.2 Trees on Boundaries
Common law has established complex rules relating to trees on boundaries:
 A neighbor is entitled to sensitively remove overhanging branches or roots which

overhang their boundary providing in doing so this does not damage the trees health
or compromise its stability (see note below). We advise that neighbors should discuss
their proposal with the tree owner before taking this action
 A neighbor may be entitled to seek damages from the tree owner if a tree is causing
immediate damage, such as knocking tiles off the roof
 Where a tree is poisonous the owner must ensure that it does not overhang a
boundary where toxic tree parts can be eaten.
Note: Professional arboricultural advice should be sought first - Where trees are protected
by a Tree Preservation Order or within a Conservation Area it is necessary to obtain the
consent from the Council before pruning.
4.3 Roots
The interaction between tree roots, the soil, buildings and structures is complex. It does not
necessarily follow that trees will damage buildings just because of their close proximity.
If you think your property is being damaged by your neighbor’s tree/s you should involve your
insurer at an early stage.
Do I need permission to prune or fell a tree in my garden?
If the tree is covered by a Tree Preservation Order, you will need permission from the
Council before you prune or fell it. If the tree is in a conservation area you will need to notify
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the Council as this may prevent you from carrying out the work. area. Note: In some
circumstances, particularly where an area has been redeveloped, a tree may not be plotted
accurately in relation to current boundaries. You should therefore review the information for
neighboring plots when seeking to confirm whether a tree is subject to a preservation order.
Species descriptions in the schedules can also vary depending on the removal and
replanting history of the tree.
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next page:
1. Write the types of care involved in tree pruning.(5 points)
Answer Sheet
Score = ___________
Rating: ____________
Name: _________________________ Date: _______________

Information Sheet-5 Maintaining surrounding environment from damage

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5.1 Cleaning and the Environment
In this age of environmental concern individuals are outwardly interested in the healthy state
of their surroundings. As populations increase and we become more connected with our
environment and each other through global communication, commerce and transportation,
that interest also increases. Our desire for a clean environment represents a powerful sense
of destiny and hope for the future.
We cannot isolate ourselves from the earth’s natural processes and our immediate
environment—whether it be natural or built. Every element of our existence is derived from
our surroundings. Those elements that constitute our physical form and all living and non-
living matter have existed since the earth was formed from the sun nearly 4.6 billion years
ago. As a result, the environment provides man with nourishment and energy. Energy
emitted from the sun travels millions of miles to earth, where it is stored in plants through
photosynthesis. Along with other essential elements, matter then is transferred to man
through the food chain.
5.2 The Many Benefits of Our Environment

The environment provides many benefits. It heals us and helps us stay healthy. While
medicines are derived from the elements of the environment and living organisms,
sometimes simply being exposed to sunlight and fresh, clean air makes a difference in how
we feel.
Our surroundings educate. Science and technology are the products of observing, studying
and using the physical, chemical and biological world around us.
The environment fulfills us when it is used to recreate, apply our sciences and practice our
arts. Its natural resources and energy also serve as a unique means of capital, allowing us to
run our businesses and the economy. In return, man gives back to the environment all the
matter and energy that establishes his existence.
Environmentally Aware
The environmental concern of late has been the extent to which human interaction with
natural systems is depleting life-sustaining resources. While valid, this concern is not critical.
Indeed, humans are part of the natural world. They possess unique spiritual, social-political
and economic needs beyond what nature provides. We must build our own environment to
meet those needs. The requirement that environments must support life, good health and
human productivity warrants closer examination of how the environment we build and inhabit
is organized and managed.
A new environment and economic theory is emerging that recognizes four factors.
The environment is not fully elastic. Past theories surmised that the natural system’s
supplying potential was infinite.[1] The economic system was free to extract as much as
possible from the natural system, which was perceived as vast with unbounded abilities to
assimilate diseconomies. Man did not need to clean. Instead, dilution sufficed until it was
feasible to relocate to a clean environment. When the consumer population was smaller,
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relative to size and the carrying capacity of the natural environmental system, this
supposition was reasonable. As populations grew, the earth’s limitations were more apparent
and a non-traditional economic view of the natural system surfaced.[2] The natural system is
since perceived as a unique form of economic capital that must be kept clean if we are to
sustain a suitable quality of life.[3]
The environment is not an issue, it is a “value.” Industrialized societies often perceived the
environment as a free good—an expendable, renewable resource. The worst offenders
considered the environment a resource with no value in itself. Instead, it was valued as a
dumping ground or limitless sink for the diseconomies or wastes of living and industrial
operations. This “dumping ground” mentality has been replaced by “green and clean.”[4]
The environment—whether natural or built—is a unique form of capital.[5] Capital that

produces income and wealth takes on four forms:[6] financial, human, technological and
environmental. Each of these is essential to business and human existence. All goods,
services and human health conditions connect with the environment and its quality. Wealth is
not readily created in clean space, especially in today’s age of high-tech information.
The perception of sustainable development has changed. Previously, sustainable

development was narrowly defined as improving the quality of life while living within the
carrying capacity of supporting ecosystems. The emerging concept of “sustainability” is,
however, rapidly expanding to include environmental, economic and social equity. To this
end, there is a growing recognition that these factors be considered simultaneously.[7] The
connection between each element increasingly forces changes to the traditional way
consumers and businesses operate and relate to each other; how new technologies and
products are developed, sold and used; how markets are structured; and how communities
develop and grow.
5.3 Solving the Environmental Problems

Responsible consumption and conservation are ways to solve environmental problems. It is
important to recognize, however, that creating wealth and protecting the environment
coexist. The environment cannot be protected by conservation alone. Wealth and surplus
must provide the resources—mainly energy—to maintain order and keep objects and places
clean. Maintaining the diseconomies that supply and demand causes keeps the biosphere
alive and the built environment functioning. Sustaining a healthy economy also is critical to
controlling pollution and maintaining a clean and healthy environment. Without wealth there
are no resources to manage and control pollutants, especially through cleaning. Additionally,
the world’s natural resources must be used efficiently and the environments that create
wealth must be kept clean.
Before the market demand for effective cleaning services can be understood we must
comprehend the utility of cleaning. Supply and demand, not utility directly, determine
cleaning’s financial value. As consumers recognize that value, the demand for effective
cleaning increases. The cost for that cleaning depends on the availability of capable firms to
deliver high performance and effective cleaning services. For cleaning to be valued—
particularly in a business and economic sense—individuals must be knowledgeable and
educated about its usefulness and benefits.
5.4 Why Clean?

Clean is a condition of the environment that is free of unwanted matter. Cleaning is the
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process used to achieve the clean condition. Best viewed as a fundamental environmental
management process, cleaning is a systematic, science-based process that puts unwanted
matter in its proper place or where it does not cause harm or adverse effects. Understanding
the importance and effectiveness of cleaning allows us to fully appreciate its usefulness and
the contributions it makes to the quality of life.[8]
Man cannot live and survive amidst waste. A clean environment that includes clean air,
water, land and energy, is essential for human existence, conducting business and creating
wealth. These components must be sustained through conservation and proper
management. Additionally, by-products of human activity should be separated from man at
the sanitary level the cleaning process provides.

From the start of civilization, man has been the only species that cleans its environment,
albeit for the sake of survival. Other animal life “foul the nest,” move out and allow the cycles
of nature to produce the waste. As long as man has lived in human settlements, he has been
forced to keep his environment in order or clean.[9]
As a result of biological necessity, humans manage their lives by managing their

environment. The basic objective of the human settlement/built environment is to define a
living space to defend man from his surroundings. In settlements, natural elements, such as
rain, snow and dirt, remain outside at a distance. Other living creatures—particularly humans
and animals—are kept at bay.
Once human settlements emerged, environmental management systems became necessary

for separating inhabitants from their own waste products. Man no longer could strike his tent
and move on. Wastes grew and needed to be placed out of the way. Well-designed wells
and garbage pits were found at the archeological sites of isolated dwellings and villages.
Ancient settlements that survived and evolved into modern built environments sustained life
because of the evolving process of environmental management, the center of which is the
sanitation revolution and cleaning.[10]
Usually, the cause of adverse environmental effects can be explained or managed. We have
better direct control and influence over environments that are closest to us, such as the built
environment in which we live and work. These environments can be managed and kept
orderly and functional primarily through cleaning.
5.5 Cleaning Reduces Environmental Risks, Enables Sanitation

Sanitary conditions are where the risk of adverse health effects is low or acceptable.[11]
Effective cleaning reduces exposures to hazardous matter, thereby reducing risks while
contributing to a sanitary state.
Indoor environments are readily manageable, unlike ambient environments where the
causes of pollution and its control are complex. Built environments can be designed,
operated and maintained to suit their inhabitants’ needs.
We need to better understand the influence natural and manmade environments have on our
health. Once we do, it becomes apparent that effective management, especially in the form
of cleaning, is the key to removing unwanted by-products and reducing serious health risks.
Adverse effects, while harder to define, usually are described as conditions we will pay to
control or correct, such as health, comfort and property values. On a micro-scale,
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environmental change is part of natural evolution. Adverse macro-change in built
environments due to human activity, however, is preventable through effective management,
mainly cleaning.
Five basic methods can be employed to limit pollution to a desirable and safe level: source
management, which includes source removal or modification; activity management; design
intervention; dilution; and cleaning that includes housekeeping, maintenance and restoration.
Cleaning reduces adverse exposure levels and risks by removing problem substances from
the environment, thereby reducing or eliminating exposure and effect. Effective cleaning
often is the most cost efficient means of managing risk in a built environment.[12]
5.6 Clean and Green

Today’s talk is all about “green;” that universal symbol of value, respect and concern for the
life-sustaining processes and cycles of the natural environment system, of which we all are a
part. Those same processes determine our health and quality of life that we, as humans, can
adversely affect and alter by our activities if wastes are not managed properly.
Traditionally, the concept of “green” has centered on preventing pollution, minimizing waste
and recycling, all to prevent unwanted matter from harming the natural environment. The
concepts of clean and “green” are complimentary. Clean is a condition free of unwanted
matter, with matter being any substance that has mass and is influenced by gravity.
Substances are solids, liquids and gases and can be living or non-living. Matter can be
measured and described quantitatively. Conversely, unwanted matter is any substance that
obstructs human endeavors, poses a risk or causes an undesirable or adverse effect. Often
this type of matter is referred to as pollution, although it goes by other names, such as
wastes, soils, dirt, dust, trash and pathogenic microorganisms.
Cleaning is the method used to achieve a clean environment. It can best be viewed as a
fundamental environmental management process of putting unwanted matter in its proper
place. This ensures an environment that is sustainable and functioning.
Cleaning also is a systematic, science-based process. When applied to environments and

environmental sub-compartments, that process is comprised of specifying and understanding
the nature and characteristics of what is to be made free of unwanted matter, such as
pollution or soils. It also locates, identifies and understands the physical, chemical or
biological characteristics of the unwanted matter to be removed; separates and contains the
matter prior to removal; transports and removes the unwanted substance from the
environment or the object to be cleaned; and properly disposes or repositions the matter so
as not to degrade or harm other environments or the natural environmental system.
The question then becomes how clean is clean?
In the tradition of environmental health clean is perceived on three levels: sterilization,

disinfection and sanitation. For an environment to be considered sterile it must be 100
percent contamination-free. Sterilization can be achieved, although it is extremely difficult
since in routine cleaning items and places—as a rule—are not sterilized.
An environment is considered disinfected if the vast majority (99 percent) of its harmful
substances are removed or made safe. The pathogens most threatening to humans also
must be eliminated. A disinfected condition only can be achieved with considerable work and
energy.
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Sanitary environments are cleaned to the extent that general health is protected. Some
contamination, however, is present and an acceptable risk level for disease exists. At a
minimum, cleaning always must attain a state of “sanitation,” since unsanitary conditions
pose a likely health risk. Cleaning is designed to rectify any risky conditions. Environments
must be cleaned regularly to keep them sanitary. If the health risk has not improved to a
sanitary level, cleaning has not been accomplished.
Effective cleaning removes unwanted matter to the greatest or optimum extent possible.
Doing so ensures acceptable risk—the reduced probability of an adverse effect for humans,
their valuables and the natural environment—from exposure to such matter. By virtue of this
definition and its thoughtful design, effective cleaning fully protects the environment.
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next page:
1. Write the benefits of our environment.(5 points)
2. Why we clean our environment ?(5 points)
Answer Sheet
Score = ___________
Rating: ____________
Name: _________________________ Date: _______________

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BASIC AGRICULTURAL
Level-I
Learning Guide-5
LO 5: Clean up and store work place
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 Checking Tools, equipment and machinery

 Preparing for transportation and storage
 Collecting and disposing/recycling waste materials
 Check Tools, equipment and machinery

 Prepare for transportation and storage
 Collect and dispose/recycle waste materials

7. Read the information written in the information “Sheet 1 and Sheet 2”.
8. Accomplish the “Self-check 1, Self-check 2, and Self-check 3” in page -70 and 72
respectively.
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Information Sheet-1
Checking Tools, equipment and machinery
1.1 Condition of Tools, equipment and machinery
Continue to check the condition of your equipment frequently during the climbing
assignment. After the job, inspect the equipment and refurbish as needed so it is ready for
the next assignment or for emergency use. Restrict equipment access to certified climbers
and use the equipment exclusively for tree climbing work. A locked storage area is advisable.
Storage areas should be secure from rodents and chemicals—a must for rope, webbing, and
harnesses. Clearly mark or tag all defective equipment to prevent further use and repair or
take it out of service. Certified climbers should be responsible for all of their own climbing
equipment. Keep manufacturers’ equipment specifications and care recommendations on file
for ready access.
Equipment, especially ropes, webbing, and loops, should never be walked on or driven over.
This kind of abuse causes damage in ways that are not always apparent and could cause
failures.
Climbing equipment, especially life-safety ropes, must not be left in a tree for an extended
period. The equipment needs to be closely inspected before each use, and it cannot be if it is
left in the tree. Tree sap, insects, animals, abrasion, sunlight, and rain affect climbing
equipment, and equipment cannot be monitored or controlled when it is left in the tree. If a
tree will be climbed more than once, a utility cord can be left in a position that allows climbing
ropes to be easily put in place for future climbs.
When life-safety equipment shows significant wear, it should be taken out of service.
Significant wear could be a frayed leg loop on a harness or a small crack in a gaff. Do not
use any safety equipment that was involved in a significant fall. Harnesses, ropes, and any
slings or webbing that helped arrest a fall can receive damage that is undetectable during
inspection. The climbing components might fail the next time they are used.
Do not paint metal equipment. Paint can hide defects that can cause failure.
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next page:
1. What feature of tools, equipment and machinery are checked? (3 point)

2. What is the purpose of checking tools, equipment and machineries? (3 point)
Answer Sheet
Score = ___________
Rating: ____________
Name: _________________________ Date: _______________

Page 76 of 94
Information Sheet-2 Collecting and disposing/recycling waste materials
2.1 What will be collected?
Household branches and pruning that are:
 up to 150mm (six inches) in diameter

 no longer than 1.5 meters (five feet) in length
 Up to one cubic meter in volume egg. no more than a single trailer load
 neatly bundled and securely tied with string or twine, or placed in containers that can
be emptied and left on the kern
Note: due to Occupational Health and Safety regulations, individual bundles or containers
must not exceed 15kg in weight.
What will be collected
 untied branches or pruning’s

 bags of any kind
 hard rubbish or household waste
 noxious weeds like ivy, prickly pears, box thorns and blackberries
Note: any unacceptable items placed out for collection will be left behind
2.2 Items that can be placed out for collection:
 Household appliances and furniture

 Dismantled wardrobes
 General unwanted household items in boxes
 Timber not exceeding one meter in length
 Chinaware and window glass (wrapped in cardboard or thicker paper, clearly marked
'glass')
 All waste metal including tin, scrap iron and lawnmowers
 Car parts not exceeding 1.5 meters in length and 15 kg in weight
 All white goods including fridges and washing machines (for safety requirements
fridge doors mustbe removed)
Items that cannot be placed out for collection:
 Hazardous waste
 Rubble
 Chemicals
 Tires
 Branches and pruning’s
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 Asbestos
 Paint/tins containing wet paint
 Items longer than 1.5 meters
 Loads exceeding two cubic meters
 Items heavier than 15 kg
 Liquid waste
 Recyclables e.g. bottles, paper
 Materials from renovations, building sites and/or fencing
2.3 Storage of petrol and other flammable liquids

.Petrol and other flammable liquids shall be conveyed, stored and packed in containers
Containers shall:
(a) Be made of metal or other approved materials;
(b) Be of such construction that the contents cannot escape in either liquid or vapor
form;
(c) If made of plastic, be approved and be marked with the LAB approval number for use in
Transportation of fuel by foot).
. No flammable liquid shall be carried or store in the same compartment of a gang bus or
other vehicle which is being used or which is used for transporting personnel. When it is
necessary to carry flammable liquids in vehicles, the container or containers shall be secured
in a properly constructed and vented compartment separate from that used to carry
passengers. Such a compartment shall be accessible only from the exterior and be vented to
the exterior.
. Flammable liquids shall not be transported in containers mounted to or protruding over the
front or rear bumpers of any vehicle.
2.4 Sustainable gardens
Gardening is a way for us to create a beautiful environment, provide habitat for our native
animals and give us the satisfaction of growing our own fruit and vegetables. Gardening
sustainably encourages us to minimize our water, fertilizer and pesticide needs, and
maximize the habitat value of our garden so keep your environment and working place.
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next page:
1. What is the purpose of collecting and disposing of, or recycling waste? (5points)
Answer Sheet
Score = ___________
Rating: ____________
Name: _________________________ Date: _______________

Page 79 of 94
BASIC AGRICULTURAL
Level-I
Learning Guide-6
LO 6: Record and report support

activities
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 Recording and documenting information
 Maintaining and reporting records of ground support operations
 Communicating work completion and hazard information
 Record and document information
 Maintain and report records of ground support operations
 Communicate work completion and hazard information

11. Read the information written in the information “Sheet 1, Sheet 2 and Sheet 3”.
12. Accomplish the “Self-check 1, Self-check 2 and Self-check 3” in page -78, 80, and 83
respectively.
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Information Sheet-1 Recording and documenting information
1.1 Recording information
Every organization and business has a particular method for storing information /documenting /. It is
important that all who need to access that information are familiar with the location and the filing
systems used. Records might be stored in the following places:
 filing cabinets
 computer files and databases
 folders on shelves, in drawers or under counters
 pin boards and white boards
Information stored in filing cabinets is usually organized alphabetically or under different topic
headings. Basic computer skills are required to access computer records. Help should be
sought if a particular piece of information cannot be found. All records should be filed
correctly and returned to the appropriate location after use.
Many workplaces also store information which is confidential. Anyone with access to these
records should only use them when necessary and only allow distribution of the information
to relevant personnel or authorities.
Documentation includes mandatory documented procedures as required by the standard and other
documents such as specifications, records, etc. the important issue is that your people have the
information they need to do their job. Some common terms used are:
 Work practices
 Operating practices, operating instructions or operating procedures
 Specifications and
 Drawings
Documentation should indicate, who does what, where, when, why, and how. It should not be a wish
list of what you would like to happen in your business, but should clearly and accurately reflect what
really happens. For example, it is not necessary to have a formal document on how to open a door-
simply putting “push” or “pull” on the door suffices.
You have to decide how much detail is needed. This will depend largely on the method used, the
skills needed, the training undertaken and the extent of supervision required. Excessive detail does
not necessarily give you more control of the activity and should be avoided. Training can reduce the
need for detailed documentation, provided that everybody has the information they need to do their
job correctly.
Existing documentation might be adequate, and may then be simply referenced in the quality manual.
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Remember documentation may be in any reproducible form and can vary enormously ranging from
separate formal documents, to technical notes incorporated into a drawing to instruction manual
equipment.
They could also be in pictorial or video form. Graphic formats or a video or simple set of pictures can
be particularly useful since visual aids can often convey the information more accurately than a
lengthy detailed description.
1.2 Documentation requirements and Value of documentation
The quality management system documentation shall include
a) Documented statements of a quality policy and quality objectives
b) A quality manual
c) Documented procedures required by international standard
d) Documents needed by the organization to ensure the effective planning, operation and control of
its processes
e) Records required by international standards
1.3 Types of document
The following types of document are used in quality management system
a) Documents that provide consistent information, both internally and externally, about the
organization’s quality management system: such documents are referred to as quality manuals;
b) Documents that describe how the quality management system is applied to a specific product,
project or contract; such documents are referred to as quality plans;
c) Documents stating requirements; such documents are referred to as specifications;
d) Documents stating recommendations or suggestion; such documents are referred to as

guidelines;
e) Documents that provide information about how to perform activities and processes consistently;
such documents can include documented procedures, work instructions and drawing;
f) Documents that provide objective evidence of activities performed or results achieved; such
documents are referred to as records;
Each organization determines the existent of documentation required and the media to be used. This
depends on factors such as the type and size of the organization, the complexity and interaction of
processes, the complexity of products, customer requirements, the applicable regulatory
requirements, the demonstrated ability of personnel, and the extent to which it is necessary to
demonstrate fulfillment of quality management system requirements.
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next page:
1. Define the term documentation(5 points)
2. List out the documentation requirements. (5 points)
3. What are the major record place for storing data/information/?(5 points)
Answer Sheet
Score = ___________
Rating: ____________
Name: _________________________ Date: _______________

Page 84 of 94
Information Sheet-2 Maintaining and reporting records of ground
support operations
2.1 Identification and management of risks
Employers should establish and maintain procedures to identify systematically the risks to
safety and health which may affect, or arise from, forestry activities.
The identification should include hazards and risks actually and potentially leading to
occupational accidents and diseases, incidents and emergency situations.
For each task and activity a risk evaluation should be carried out. Any risks should be
identified and recorded.
Procedures should be maintained to evaluate risks and effects from identified hazards
against screening criteria, taking account of the frequency with which they occur and the
likely severity of consequences for safety and health.
Based on the results of risk evaluation, enterprises should define objectives for the reduction
of such risks to as low a level as possible, and devise and implement corresponding
preventive measures. These should include the routine application of site inspection and
planning as well as of the principles of work organization
Managers, supervisors and workers should, as appropriate, be involved in the identification

of risks and of their effects on safety, health or the working environment.
2.2 Communication and information
Employers should provide adequate information to workers about all identified risks to safety
and health in their respective work activity
Contractors should be sufficiently informed about the safety objectives and safety standards
applying to the forest worksites in the area where they are contracted.
Information should be given to workers and contractors in a language that they understand.
Special measures may be required when there are people working in an enterprise who
speak different languages.
In order to ensure the full integration of safety and health concerns into forestry operations,
general codes of forestry practices or operations manuals should incorporate safety and
health regulations and advice alongside provisions pertaining to quality, productivity,
environmental and other aspects.
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For easy reference, concise and illustrated leaflets or cards to be used on site should be
prepared for each major function or operation. These should incorporate safety and health
measures into general work instructions and specifications.
2.3 Documentation
All relevant information concerning safety and health should be maintained and periodically
updated in the enterprise's database and should be readily available for the information of
workers or their representatives, contractors, inspectors, workers' compensation bodies and
any other parties concerned. This may include relevant accident costs.
Documentation should include:
(a) Safety and health policies and strategic objectives;
(b) Safety and health measures and strategies;
(c) The tasks and responsibilities of management, supervisors, workers and contractors;
(d) The findings of risk evaluation and risk management, including a list of all hazardous
substances used in the workplace;
(e) Records on occupational accidents, occupational diseases and dangerous occurrences

which have been reported or notified.
2.4 Safety requirements for tools, machines and hazardous chemicals
Because of the wide variety of tools, machines, hazardous chemicals and work methods
used in forestry, this code cannot give a detailed description of safety requirements for all the
tools, machines and hazardous chemicals available. Coverage cannot be exhaustive, either
in terms of the selection of tools, machines and hazardous chemicals, or in the level of detail
provided; but general principles will be described.
2.4.1General requirements
All tools, machines and hazardous chemicals used in forestry should:
(a) Comply with safety and health requirements as prescribed in international or national
standards and recommendations, wherever these are available;
(b) Be used only for work for which they have been designed or developed, unless a
proposed additional use has been assessed by a competent person who has concluded that
such use is safe;
(c) Be used or operated only by workers who have been assessed as competent and/or hold
appropriate skill certificates.
Tools, machines and equipment should be of good design and construction, taking into
account health, safety and ergonomic principles, and they should be maintained in good
working order.
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Appropriate checklists which are based on a complete assessment of all relevant criteria
should be used when selecting a machine. This helps to create a healthy and productive
working environment and ensure that the machine is suitable for its intended purpose.
Employers, manufacturers or agents should provide comprehensive and clear instructions

and information on all aspects of operator/user maintenance and the safe use of tools,
equipment and hazardous chemicals. These should include any requirements for personal
protective equipment as well as the need for training.
Facilities for repair and maintenance of tools and equipment should be provided, preferably
close to shelters or housing facilities. Mobile shelter wagons with separate maintenance
compartments for minor repair and maintenance work on chain-saws and hand tools are
recommended.
In camps, provision should be made for workshop facilities with a good selection of
appropriate maintenance tools, to allow maintenance and repair work to be carried out under
safe conditions, without exposure to inclement weather conditions.
Hand tools
Hand tools for cutting and splitting should be manufactured from good quality steel which
maintains its cutting edge and effectiveness with the minimum amount of maintenance.
The head of a tool for cutting and splitting should be fixed securely onto the handle with an
effective device, for example a wedge, rivet or bolt.
Handles should provide a secure grip and should be made of good quality wood or other
materials suitable for this purpose.
The specification of tools, such as size, length of handles and weight, should be appropriate
to cater for the needs of the work and the physical attributes of the user.
When not in use, sharp-edged tools should be sheathed with an appropriate device.
2.5 When is an Arborist Report Required?
The arborist report requirements in the heritage and significant tree removal ordinances are
basically identical. “An Arborist's report is required for significant or heritage trees proposed
for removal on the basis of poor health, potential hazard, or when a significant or heritage
tree(s) is proposed to remain, but new development would encroach within the dripline of the
tree(s)”. When a significant or heritage tree(s) is proposed to remain on a project site, but
new development would encroach within the dripline of the tree(s), there is a requirement for
an arborist report to document the affected trees and the necessary protection measures.
When tree removal or trimming permits are appealed to the Planning Commission or are part
of development proposals being reviewed by the Planning Commission, the Commission has
broad discretion to require additional information to guide its decision making. More
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extensive arborist reports may be required to address specific questions that arise during
Planning Commission review. County Ordinance Section 12,020.4. Existing Tree Plan
Application Requirements, added by Resolution No. 04763 on October 18th 2016, requires
an arborist report as part of existing tree plans, which must be submitted when applying for a
planning or building permit. An arborist report is required if trees outside of the proposed
structure’s footprint will be affected, as detailed in Appendix 1. The County currently does not
specify in its ordinances what kind of report the applicant is required to provide, and the
content requirements are broad and somewhat imprecise, and could be more expansive and
detailed, including requiring differing levels of information in different circumstances.
2.6 What Contents Are Required in an Arborist Report?
The application requirements for tree removal permits include, in part that “General health of
tree to be trimmed, cut down or removed, as documented by a licensed arborist... The
arborist report shall assess the condition and health of the tree proposed for removal, the
actions that could be taken to avoid removal, and the recommended course of action. The
submitted arborist report shall be subject to the review of an independent arborist, who shall
provide a recommendation to the Community Development Director and other decision
making bodies on whether to deny or conditionally approve the application.” The tree plan
must accurately show the location of tree trunks and canopy, structural footprints and
proposed utilities, and must be prepared by a licensed surveyor or a registered civil
engineer.
The letter format report will satisfy the County’s needs for cases that involve a property
owner applying for the removal of one to three trees. The information required in a significant
tree removal permit application could be used as a baseline for what is required in a letter
format arborist report:
 The diameter and height of the tree.

 The type of trees (e.g., coniferous, evergreen hardwood and deciduous hardwood).
 A map or accurate sketch of location and trees proposed to be cut (show other
significant trees, shrubs, buildings or proposed buildings within 25 feet of any trees
proposed to be cut including any off the parcel; photographs may be used to show the
area).
 Method for marking the tree proposed to be trimmed, cut down, removed or
destroyed.
 Description of method to be used in removing or trimming the tree.
 Description of tree planting or replacement program, including detailed plans for
anIrrigation program, if required.
 Reasons for proposing removal or trimming of the tree.
 Street address where tree is located.
 General health of tree to be trimmed cut down or removed, as documented by a
licensed tree surgeon or arborist.
This basic information, along with conclusion and recommendations sections, is already
included in most letter reports. The County asks for this information in the tree removal
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permit application, but does not specify what the accompanying arborist report must
contain. There are many different tools used by arborists to accomplish their task of
determining external and internal conditions of a given tree. The tools and methods used
depend on the specific goal of the permit applicant and the level of assessment agreed
upon with the arborist. A limited visual assessment typically won’t involve any tools. Basic
assessment might be conducted with sounding and probing techniques (McLean, 2014).
Sounding is usually performed with a rubber or nylon mallet, and involves striking a part
of the tree and recognizing the different sounds made by solid and hollow wood. Probing
is done by inserting a measuring stick into cavities in the tree to assess the extent of
internal decay. In the advanced assessment, battery-powered drills or increment borers
can be used to inspect internal conditions in the tree (McLean, 2014). These tools allow
for the arborist to pull out and inspect wood shavings or tubular wood cores, noting
changes in color or density. The more expensive tools are gaining popularity in the
industry, because they provide for more accurate assessments of internal conditions. The
resistance-recording drill can be used to locate internal decay. “A small drill bit is used to
drill into wood at a constant speed. The relative resistance encountered during drilling is
plotted or recorded digitally”
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next page:
1. Write the things to be included in documentation (5points)
2. When is an arborist report required? (5points)
3. What contents are required in an arborist report? (5points)
Answer Sheet
Score = ___________
Rating: ____________
Name: _________________________ Date: _______________

Page 90 of 94
Information Sheet-3 Communicating work completion and hazard
information
3.1 Identifying Hazardous Chemicals in the Workplace
The standard requires a list of hazardous chemicals in the workplace as part of the written
hazard communication program. The list will eventually serve as an inventory of everything
for which you must maintain an MSDS. At this point, however, preparing the list will help you
complete the rest of the program since it will give you some idea of the scope of the program
required for compliance in your facility.
The best way to prepare a comprehensive list is to survey the workplace. Purchasing records
also may help, and certainly employers should establish procedures to ensure that in the
future purchasing procedures result in MSDSs being received before using a material in the
workplace.
The broadest possible perspective should be taken when doing the survey. Sometimes
people think of "chemicals" as being only liquids in containers. The HCS covers chemicals in
all physical forms -- liquids, solids, gases, vapors, fumes, and mists -- whether they are
"contained" or not. The hazardous nature of the chemical and the potential for exposure are
the factors that determine whether a chemical is covered. If it's not hazardous, it's not
covered. If there is no potential for exposure, (e.g., the chemical is inextricably bound and
cannot be released), the rule does not cover the chemical.
Look around. Identify the chemicals in containers, including pipes, but also think about
chemicals generated in the work operations. For example, welding fumes, dusts, and
exhaust fumes are all sources of chemical exposures. Read labels provided by the suppliers
on hazard information. Make a list of all chemicals in the workplace that are potentially
hazardous. For your own information and planning, you also may want to note on the list the
location(s) of the products within the workplace, and an indication of the hazards as found on
the label. This will help you as you prepare the rest of your program.
Paragraph (b), scope and application, includes exemptions for various chemicals or
workplace situations. After compiling the complete list of chemicals, you should review
paragraph (b) to determine if any of the items can be eliminated from the list because they
are exempted materials. For example, food, drugs, and cosmetics brought into the workplace
for employee consumption are exempt; rubbing alcohol in the first aid kit would not be
covered.
Once you have compiled as complete a list as possible of the potentially hazardous
chemicals in the workplace, the next step is to determine if you have received material safety
data sheets for all of them. Check your files against the inventory you have just compiled. If
any are missing, contact your supplier and request one. It is a good idea to document these
requests, either by copy of a letter or a note regarding telephone conversations. If you have
MSDSs for chemicals that are not on your list, figure out why. Maybe you don't use the
chemical anymore. Or maybe you missed it in your survey. Some suppliers do provide
MSDSs for products that are not hazardous. These do not have to be maintained by you. If
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you have questions regarding the hazard status of a chemical, contact the manufacturer,
distributor, or importer.
You should not allow employees to use any chemicals for which you have not received an
MSDS. The MSDS provides information you need to ensure you have implemented proper
protective measures for exposure.
3.2 Preparing and Implementing a Hazard Communication Program
The HCS requires all workplaces where employees are exposed to hazardous chemicals to
have a written plan that describes how that facility will implement the standard. Preparation
of the plan is not just a paper exercise -- all of the elements must be implemented in the
workplace to comply with the rule. See paragraph (e) of the standard for the specific
requirements regarding written hazard communication programs. The only work operations
that do not have to comply with the written plan requirements are laboratories and work
operations where employees only handle chemicals in sealed containers. See paragraph (b),
scope and application, for the specific requirements for these two types of workplaces.
The plan does not have to be lengthy or complicated. It is intended to be a blueprint for
implementing your program -- an assurance that all aspects of the requirements have been
addressed.
Many trade associations and other professional groups have provided sample programs and
other assistance materials to affect employers. These have been very helpful to many
employers since they tend to be tailored to the particular industry involved. You may wish to
investigate whether your industry trade groups have developed such materials.
Although such general guidance may be helpful, you must remember that the written
program has to reflect what you are doing in your workplace. Therefore, if you use a generic
program, you must adapt it to address the facility it covers.
For example, the written plan must list the chemicals present at the site and indicate where
written materials will be made available to employees. It also may indicate who is responsible
for the various aspects of the program in your facility.
If OSHA inspects your workplace for compliance with the HCS, the OSHA compliance officer
will ask to see your written plan at the outset of the inspection. In general, the following items
will be considered in evaluating your program.
The written program must describe how the requirements for labels and other forms of
warning, materials safety data sheets, and employee information and training, are going to
be met in your facility. The following discussion provides the type of information compliance
officers will be looking for to decide whether you have properly addressed these elements of
the hazard communication program.
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next page:
1. Why we Identify hazardous chemicals in the workplace? (5 points)
2 How we can prepare and implement a hazard communication program? (5 points)
Answer Sheet
Score = ___________
Rating: ____________
Name: _________________________ Date: _______________

Page 93 of 94
List of Reference Materials
1. http://tpu.bluemountains.net/unit-display.php?recordID=16707&s=RTF03
2. http://www.cleshar.co.uk/disciplines/facilities-support-services/case-studies/
vegetation-control-and-arboricultural-management.html
Page 94 of 94

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BASIC AGRICULTURAL

PRODUCTION AND NATURAL

LO 1: Prepare for ground support

 Receiving and clarifying instruction for ground support operation

 Receive and clarify instruction for ground support operation.

An arborist, or (less commonly) arboriculture’s, is a professional in the practice of

In ground support operations, there are informal methods of Instructions, such as

In the workplace, effective listening helps you to:-

During your crew talk, discuss the following: Scope of the

 Location of work and circuit numbers

Note: Satisfactory rating - 7 points and above Unsatisfactory - below 7 points

Name: _________________________ Date: _______________

2.1 Environmental Hazards

2.2 Tree Hazards

Note: Satisfactory rating – 3 points and above Unsatisfactory - below 3 points

Name: _________________________ Date: _______________

3.1 Selecting Tools, Equipment and Machinery

following tools, equipments and machineries are selected below.

Axe: is used for tree cutting operations

Chain saws: is used for mechanical cutting of trees.

Pruning tools: these tools used for tree pruning activities.

Footwear: it is used to protect leg from sharpen and other damaging

Ladders: used for climbing to different tree branches

Helmet: used for protecting head.

Ropes: It is protecting material used during climbing a tree.

Climbing Equipment (set): used to protect a worker from falling hazards.

Grass cutter: This machinery is used for cutting grass

Note: Satisfactory rating – 3 points and above Unsatisfactory - below 3 points

Name: _________________________ Date: _______________

may result in harm and injury.

1. Every employer shall nominate a competent person to be in charge of each operation.

b. Should an employer hire an inexperienced worker, the employer shall providethe

Training while off the ground shall be on a one-to-one basis.

· Inspect the ladder before use.

b. Pole saws and pruners

Note: Satisfactory rating - 2 points and above Unsatisfactory – below 2 points

Name: _________________________ Date: _______________

5.1 Personal protective equipment

 A hard hat (Head protection)

5.1 .1Head protection

Use the "logger's tie" to prevent boot laces from untying.

5.1 .3 Hand protection

Nylon-mesh gloves protect against cuts and provide good grip.

5.1 .4Hearing protection

5.1 .5 Eye and face protection

Chainsaw pants offer better protection than chaps.

5.2 Communications equipment

Note: Satisfactory rating - 3 points and above Unsatisfactory – below 3 points

Operation Sheet -1 Prepare For Ground Support Operations

 Prepare For Ground Support Operations

General procedures that should be followed by the workers:

Step-1: Select the work unit site

Step-2: Identify the trees of arboricultural practices needy

Step-6: Maintain clean work site during operation

Step-7: Start operation

facilitating send and receive processes of required materials

LAP Test Practical Demonstration

Name: _____________________________ Date: ________________

Unit of Competence: Support Arboriculture Work

LO 2: Maintain a clear work site

Name: ___________ Date: _

Name: ___________ Date: _

Name: ___________ Date: _

Name: ___________ Date: _

Name: _____________ Date:

Name: ___________ Date: _

Name: ___________ Date: _

Name: ___________ Date: _

Name: ___________ Date: _

Name: ___________ Date: _

Name: ___________ Date: _

Name: ___________ Date: _

Name: ___________ Date: _