Hello Kid! How are you?

Hope you’re doing fine today.

Are you ready for a new
quest of knowledge? Here’s
one for you and I’m sure you’ll
enjoy it. So let the fun begin...

Mastery of basic addition

facts is important to succeed

in addition.
This Module is designed
to help you learn the basic
addition facts. Various
activities were provided for
you to enjoy as you go on with
the exercises.
1
Reminders:
Before you continue remember the following:
1. Read carefully and understand the directions.
2. Write your answers in your Math notebook.
3. Do not write anything on this module.
4. Be honest. Record and self-check your answers.

You will need the following:

paper or Math notebook
pencil or ballpen
timer

MODULE OBJECTIVES
After completing the module, you are expected to:

Master basic addition facts

Identify addends with sums of 1 to 20

Identify the properties of Addition

You are given 60 minutes to do the

challenge. Good luck!

PRE-TEST
2
A. Find the sum.

1. 8 + 5 = _____ 6. 9 + 7 = _____
2. 3 + 4 = _____ 7. 12 + 3 = _____
3. 7 + 0 = _____ 8. 0 + 15 = _____
4. 6 + 8 = _____ 9. 1 + 11 = _____
5. 2 + 10 = _____ 10. 9 + 9 = _____

B. Write the missing numbers.

1. 7 + = 11

2. + 0 = 9

3. 5 + 14 =

4. 0 + 8 =

5. + 4 = 10

6. + 3 + 2 = 13

7. 6 + 4 + = 10

8. 2 + + 5 = 17

9. 8 + 7 + 4 =

10. + 5 + 0 = 20

3
 Any errors? Read this...

MODULAR INSTRUCTION
Addition is the process of combining together two or more
numbers. Addends are the numbers that are added and sum is the
answer in addition. The numbers added can be written in horizontal and
vertical form. The symbol we use is the plus (+) sign.
LET’S EXPLORE

How many children are playing How many children are

skipping rope? playing now?
How many children are coming
to join them?

and is
3 1 4

3 4

+1
 We write: 3 + 1 = 4 or

LET’S TRY
Write the missing number to complete the addition sentence for each.
1. 2.

6 + ____ = 9 3 + 3 = ____
3. 4.

5
+ 3_ + 4_

MORE PRACTICE
Write the correct number in each .

1. 5 + = 8

2. + 4 = 10

3. 7 + 2 =

4. 9 + 1 =

5. + 7 = 9
5
6. 6 + = 15

Did you answer the exercises

correctly? If yes, that’s good! You
can proceed to the next activity.
If not, go back and try to
check the items which seems
unclear to you.

But before you continue...

time for a recess! You will look at
the properties of addition when you
come back. So be sure to take a
good break.

6
 Addition is a binary operation because only two numbers can be
added at a time. Basic addition facts include all combinations of any
one-place whole number (addend) added to any one-place whole number
(addend) to obtain a one- or two-place sum.
The properties of addition are:

1. Commutative property – changing the order of the addends

does not affect or change the sum.

Since 5 + 3 = 8,

then 3 + 5 =

2. Associative property – changing the groupings of the addends

does not affect the sum.

Is ( 2 + 3 ) + 1 = 2 + ( 3 + 1 ) ?
Let’s simplify the 2 equations
(2 + 3) + 1 2 + (3 + 1)

5 + 1 = 6 2 + 4 = 6

We got the same number which is 6, therefore

(2 + 3) + 1 and 2 + (3 + 1) are equal.
7
3. Identity property – zero (0) is the identity element for
addition. Any number added to zero equals the same.

LET’S PRACTICE
Fill in the blanks with the missing number. Use the properties of addition.
1. 8 + 2 = ___ + 8
2. ___ + 9 = 9
3. 3 + 6 = 6 + ___
4. 3 + ( 5 + 2 ) = ( ___ + 5 ) + 2
5. ( 7 + ___ ) + 1 = 7 + ( 6 + 1 )
6. 4 + 0 = ___
7. 10 + ___ = 10
8. 12 + 3 = ___ + 12
9. 1 + ( 6 + 4 ) = ( 1 + ___ ) + 4
10. 0 + ___ = 15

CHALLENGE!

Solve the addition sentences. Use the code to find the message
below.
8
 1–K 4–R 7–E
CODE 2–W 5–Y 8–O
3–V 6–G 9–D

3 + 0 = _3_ 2 + 4 = ___ 0 + 2 = ___

5 + 2 = _7_ 6 + 2 = ___ 1 + 7 = ___
2 + 2 = ___ 3 + 5 = ___ 3 + 1 = ___
1 + 4 = ___ 2 + 7 = ___ 1 + 0 = ___

V E

You’ve gone this far kid!

You’re really getting on with it.
Not surprising, because – You’re
A-OK!
How about another set of
exercises? I know you can do it. 9
Read the directions that follow.
 DIRECTIONS:
Write the sum and then find each addition fact in the
number search. Check your answers on page 14.
The first one is done for you.
3 6 8 = 5 4 0 9 + 3 = 1 2 5 4 + 8 7 5 3
7 + 1 0 = 1 7 8 + 4 = 5 + 9 7 + 8 = 1 5
7 4 + 2 1 + 7 8 5 + 3 2 8 + 8 = 1 6 9 +
9 + 4 3 2 9 + 6 3 9 5 4 + 1 0 = 1 4 8 6
5 1 + 3 2 = 5 + 8 = 1 3 5 + 3 2 = 9 8 =
5 + 6 5 3 1 + 1 1 1 8 1 0 + 2 = 1 2 4 1
2 1 0 + 9 0 8 = 6 3 3 1 2 0 2 + 8 2 4 1
8 0 + 3 6 9 1 7 0 3 + 6 = 1 1 0 + 1 2 4
2 1 + 1 0 = 1 1 4 + 2 9 + 5 = 1 4 2 1 3
10
5 1 3 1 0 + 8 = 1 8 + 2 6 + 7 = 1 3 5 4

POST-TEST
A. Find the sum.

1. 9 + 8 = _____ 6. 4 + 6 = _____
2. 3 + 7 = _____ 7. 7 + 7 = _____
3. 5 + 0 = _____ 8. 9 + 5 = _____
4. 6 + 6 = _____ 9. 0 + 8 = _____
5. 0 + 10 = _____ 10. 9 + 9 = _____
a. 9 + 3 = 12 i. 4 + 10 =
Did you get it
b. 7 + 8 = j. 10 + 2 = right?
You can now
c. 5 + 6 = k. 10 + 8 = answer the
6 +Write
d. B. 7 =the missing numbers.
l. 1 + 10 = Post Test
e. 4 +1. 9 =8 + = 17m. 1 + 9 =
f. 6 +2. 1 = + 0 = 15n. 5 + 8 =
g. 9 + 5 = o. 7 + 10 = You can check
3. 6 + 7 = your answer on page
h. 8 + 8 =
15...
11
 4. 9 + 9 =

5. + 6 = 16

6. + 9 + 2 = 14

7. 6 + 4 + = 10

8. 5 + + 3 = 12

9. 8 + 7 + 4 =

10. + 5 + 0 = 11

ANSWER KEY
LET’S TRY MORE PRACTICE
1. 3 1. 3
PRE-TEST 2. 6 2. 6
A. B. 3. 8 3. 9
1. 13 1. 4 4. 4 4. 10
2. 7 2. 9 5. 2
3. 7 3. 19
4. 14 4. 8
5. 12 5. 6
6. 16 6. 8
7. 15 7. 0
8. 15 8. 10
9. 12 9. 19
10. 18 10. 15
LET’S PRACTICE CHALLENGE
1. 2 6. 4 3 6 2
2. 0 7. 0 7 8 8
3. 3 8. 3 4 8 4
4. 3 9. 6 5 9 1 a. 9 + 3 = 12
5. 6 10. 15 b. 7 + 8 = 15
c. 5 + 6 = 11 12
d. 6 + 7 = 13
e. 4 + 9 = 13
f. 6+1= 7
g. 9 + 5 = 14
h. 8 + 8 = 16
i. 4 + 10 = 14
 NUMBER SEARCH

ANSWER KEY

3 6 8 = 5 4 0 9 + 3 = 1 2 5 4 + 8 7 5 3 POST TEST
7 + 1 0 = 1 7 8 + 4 = 5 + 9 7 + 8 = 1 5
7 4 + 2 1 + 7 8 5 + 3 2 8 + 8 = 1 6 9 +
9 + 4 3 2 9 + 6 3 9 5 4 + 1 0 = 1 4 8 6
A
5 1 + 3 2 = 5 + 8 = 1 3 5 + 3 2 = 9 8 =
5 + 6 5 3 1 + 1 1 1 8 1 0 + 2 = 1 2 4 1
2 1 0 + 9 0 8 = 6 3 3 1 2 0 2 + 8 2 4 1
8 0 + 3 6 9 1 7 0 3 + 6 = 1 1 0 + 1 2 4
2 1 + 1 0 = 1 1 4 + 2 9 + 5 = 1 4 2 1 3
5 1 3 1 0 + 8 = 1 8 + 2 6 + 7 = 1 3 5 4
B

1. 17 4. 12
2. 10 5. 10
3. 12 6. 10
13
 7. 14 3. 13
8. 14 4. 18
9. 8 5. 10
10. 18 6. 3
7. 0
8. 4
1. 9
9. 19
2. 15
10. 6

Did you get a high score?

If you got 15 and above you
passed the challenge. You can
proceed to Lesson 2.
But if your score is 14 and
below go back to the part where
you committed mistake and try to
analyze the activity.

14
 The following ideas were discussed in this Module:
 Addition is the process of combining together two or more numbers.
 Addends are the numbers that are added.
 Sum or total is the answer to addition.
 The properties of addition are:
Commutative property – changing the order of the addends does not change
the sum.
Associative property – changing the groupings of the addends does not
change the sum.
Identity property – any number added to zero ( 0 ) gets the same number.

You have just

finished Lesson 1! Doesn’t
it give you a wonderful
feeling? It should, because
you have been a wonderful
student.

Hello there! How are

15
you? Fine? Well that’s good.
Are you ready for another
set of learning and challenges?
I’m sure you’ll have fun as you
go along with Lesson 2.
 Like addition, mastery of the
basic subtraction facts is important
for you to do well in subtraction.
This Module is designed to
help you learn the basic concepts of
subtraction and its relationship with
addition.
Interesting and stimulating
exercises are provided for you to
develop, understand and master basic
subtraction facts.
Reminders:
Before you continue remember the following:
1. Read carefully and understand the directions.
2. Write your answers in your Math notebook.
3. Do not write anything on this module.
4. Be honest. Record and self-check your answers.

You will need the following:

paper or Math notebook
pencil or ballpen
timer

16
 MODULE OBJECTIVES
After completing the module, you are expected to:
Review the concept of subtraction
Master basic subtraction facts

You are given 60 minutes to do the challenge.

Good luck!
PRE-TEST
A. Find the difference.

1. 9 - 5 = _____ 6. 19 - 7 = _____
2. 13 - 4 = _____ 7. 12 - 6 = _____
3. 7 - 0 = _____ 8. 15 - 0 = _____
4. 12 - 8 = _____ 9. 11 - 11 = _____
5. 10 - 10 =_____ 10. 9 - 2 = _____

B. Write the missing numbers.

11. 11 - = 3

12. - 0 = 7

13. 14 - 14 =

14. 10 - 8 =

17
 15. - 7 = 0

16. - 3 = 13

17. 6 -- = 6

18. - 5 = 9

19. 8 - = 3

20. - 5 = 0

Any errors? Read this...

MODULAR INSTRUCTION
Subtraction is the process of taking away one number or
quantity from one another. It is the undoing process or inverse
operation of addition. It is a binary operation like addition, since
it involves only two numbers at a time.
Minuend, subtrahend, and difference are the parts of a
subtraction sentence. Minuend is the bigger number from which
we subtract. Subtrahend is the number subtracted. The sign used
is called less or minus ( - ). The answer in subtraction is called
difference.

18
LET’S EXPLORE

How many balloons are there in all?

How many balloons flew away?
How many were left?

We write: 4 - 1 = 3 or 4
-1

There are two ways of checking subtraction:

If

1. minuend – difference = subtrahend

Then
2. difference + subtrahend = minuend

Then
LET’S TRY
Find the difference. Write the missing number to check your answer.
1. 8 - 2 = ___ 2. 10 - 3 = ___ 3. 7 - 5 = ___
8 - __ = 2 10 - ___ = 3 7 - ___ = 5
___ + 2 = 8 ___ + 3 = 10 ___ + 5 = 7

19
 Any number minus zero equals the same number.
How many flowers in all?
How many flowers are yellow?
How many are red?

Any number minus the same number equals

zero.

There are 2 butterflies. 2 flew away How many are left?

COMPARING ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION

In subtraction, the minuend can be expressed as the sum of
the subtrahend and the difference.
In addition, an addend can be expressed as the difference of the
sum and the other addend.

20
LET’S EXPLORE
Study the two sets.

2 + 1 = 3 3 - 1 = 2
(addend) (addend) (sum) (minuend) (subtrahend) (difference)

In the addition sentence above, 3, the sum of the

addition sentence, becomes the minuend of the
subtraction sentence.
2, the addend in the addition sentence, becomes
the difference in the subtraction sentence.

LET’S TRY
Write the missing number to complete the addition and
subtraction sentences for each.

1.

21
 a. 4 + ___ = 7 c. 7 - 4 = ___
b. 3 + ___ = 7 d. 7 - 3 = ___
2.

a. 6 + 5 = ___ c. 11 - 6 = ___
b. 5 + ___ = 11 d. 11 - 5 = ___

3.

a. 5 + 4 = ___ b. ___ - 4 = 5
LET’S PRACTICE
Subtract to find the missing addends.
If you add me
to 1 you get 4.

1. 1 + = 4

If you add me
to 6 you get 11.

2. + 6 = 11

If you add me
to 2 you get 9.
22
 3. 2 + = 9

If you add me
to 9 you get 14.

4. 9 + = 14

If you add me
to 4 you get 8.

5. + 4 = 8

MORE PRACTICE

Use the ( + ) or ( – ) signs in the box to make the answer correct.

a. 9 6 = 3 f. 3 7 = 10
b. 5 1 = 6 g. 8 3 = 5
c. 7 5 = 2 h. 4 4 = 0
d. 6 3 = 9 i. 10 0 = 10
e. 7 4 = 11 j. 5 2 = 7

23
 CHALLENGE!

A. Finding the right numbers

For each group, fill in the blanks with a number below. Use each
number only once.

12 4 9 14 6 11 3 1

a. ____ - ____ = 10 c. ____ - 9 = ____

b. 3 + ____= ____ d. ____ + ____ = 18

B. Let’s find the number.

a. If I subtract 7 from my number, 9 is left.
What’s my number?

b. I am thinking of a number. What’s my

If I subtract 9 from it, 4 is left.
number?
What’s my number?

c. I am thinking of two numbers.

Their difference is 7. The larger is 16.
What’s my number?

24
 How did you find the preceding
activities? I’m quite sure you found the
items easy to answer.
However, you may review some
items that you failed to answer
correctly before you proceed to our
next activity.

Opps... time for a break!

A good way to relax is to
commune with nature. How
about watering your plant?

Now, are you ready to

take another challenge? On
the next page is your
enrichment activity. Read the
directions that follow. Good
luck!
25
 DIRECTIONS:
Write the difference and find
each subtraction fact in the number
search. You can look for it horizontally
or vertically.
Check your answer on page 33.
The first one is done for you…

1 1 - 6 = 5 1 9 - 5 = 1 2 - 9 = 3 7 5 9
7 8 0 = 1 2 - 4 = 8 2 4 0 - 6 8 = 8 9 -
2 1 3 - 7 = 6 1 4 - 7 8 8 9 1 2 0 - 8 7
3 2 3 4 5 - 7 6 8 = 9 0 - 2 3 4 5 3 7 =
1 5 - 8 = 7 - 7 4 3 5 = 2 1 - 3 8 = 2
9 5 4 7 1 4 7 2 8 7 1 4 = 9 0 - 4 5 = 5
- 4 1 6 - 8 = 8 9 - 5 = 6 3 = 9 - 6 9 0
6 - 5 9 - 8 6 5 0 7 - 5 = 4 - 6 9 7 3 1
= 4 6 3 3 1 4 - 5 = 9 - 7 = 1 2 1 3 4 =
3 9 = 0 9 - 0 5 6 0 8 8 2 7 - 5 = 1 - 8

Did you get it

right?
a. 12 – 9 = 3 f. 16 – 8 = You can now
b. 9 –6 = g. 8 – 2 = proceed to
POST TEST 26
c. 14 – 5 = h. 11 – 6 =
d. 13 – 7 = i. 15 – 8 =
e. 12 – 4 = j. 9 – 7 =
 POST-TEST
A. Find the difference.

1. 18 - 9 = _____ 6. 14 - 6 = _____
2. 13 - 7 = _____ 7. 17 - 8 = _____
3. 15 - 0 = _____ 8. 9 - 5 = _____
4. 11 - 6 = _____ 9. 16 - 9 = _____
5. 10 - 10 = _____ 10. 12 - 3 = _____

B. Write the missing numbers.

11. 15 - = 7

12. - 0 = 11
You can check
13. 6 - 2 = your answer on page
33...
14. 9 - = 9

15. - 6 = 5

16. - 9 = 3

17. 6 - = 0

18. - - 3 = 4

27
 19. 18 - 7 =

20. - 0 = 12

PRE-TEST
A. 1. 4 6. 12 2. 7 8. 14
2. 7. 6 3. 0 9. 5
9 8. 15 4. 2 10. 5
3. 7 9. 0 5. 7
4. 4 10. 7 6. 16
5. 0 B. 1. 8 7. 0

LET’S TRY LET’S TRY

(Comparing Addition & Subtraction)
1. 6 2. 7 3. 2 1. a. 3 2. a. 11 3. a. 9
6 7 2
6 7 2 b. 4 b. 6 b. 9
c. 3 c. 5
d. 4 d. 6

LET’S PRACTICE MORE PRACTICE

1. 3 a. - f. +
2. 5 b. + g. -
3. 7 c. - h. -
4. 5 d. + i. -
5. 4 e. + j. -
CHALLENGE
28
 1. a. 11 – 1 = 10 2. a. 16
b. 3+6=9 b. 13
c. 12 – 9 = 3 c. 9
d. 14 + 4 = 18

ANSWER KEY

1 1 - 6 = 5 1 9 - 5 = 1 2 - 9 = 3 7 5 9
7 8 0 = 1 2 - 4 = 8 2 4 0 - 6 8 = 8 9 - a. 12 – 9
2 1 3 - 7 = 6 1 4 - 7 8 8 9 1 2 0 - 8 7
b. 9 –6
3 2 3 4 5 - 7 6 8 = 9 0 - 2 3 4 5 3 7 =
c. 14 – 5
1 5 - 8 = 7 - 7 4 3 5 = 2 1 - 3 8 = 2
d. 13 – 7
9 5 4 7 1 4 7 2 8 7 1 4 = 9 0 - 4 5 = 5
e. 12 – 4
- 4 1 6 - 8 = 8 9 - 5 = 6 3 = 9 - 6 9 0
f. 16 – 8
6 - 5 9 - 8 6 5 0 7 - 5 = 4 - 6 9 7 3 1
g. 8 –
= 4 6 3 3 1 4 - 5 = 9 - 7 = 1 2 1 3 4 =
h. 11 – 6
3 9 = 0 9 - 0 5 6 0 8 8 2 7 - 5 = 1 - 8
i. 15 –
j. 9 –

POST TEST
A B

11. 9 18. 4
12. 6 19. 7
13. 15 20. 9
14. 5 11. 8
15. 0 12. 11
16. 8 13. 4
17. 9 14. 0
29
15. 11 18. 7
16. 12 19. 11
17. 6 20. 12

Did you get a high score?

If you got 15 and above you
passed the challenge. That means
you can go to Lesson 3.
But if your score is 14 and
below review the items where you
failed to answer correctly and try
to analyze the activity.

30
The following ideas were discussed in this Module:
 Subtraction is the process of taking away one number or quantity
from one another. It is the inverse process of Addition.
 Minuend is the bigger number from which we subtract.
 Subtrahend is the number subtracted.
 Difference is the answer to subtraction.
 We can compare addition and subtraction:
In subtraction the minuend can be expressed as the sum of the
subtrahend and the difference.
In addition, an addend can be expressed as the difference of the
sum and the other addend.

You really worked hard on

this module, didn’t you? Do you
realize that you are at the end of
Lesson 2? You are halfway
through the course!
As a student, you deserve
this. Keep up the good work!...

31
 How are you doing kid?
I’ve heard you did well in your
previous activities.
How about trying
another lesson? I’m pretty sure
you’ll find it easy and
enjoyable. Good luck!

Mastery of the basic

multiplication facts is necessary to
succeed in multiplication.
In this Module you
will learn the meaning of
multiplication and its basic facts.
A variety of activities are provided
for you to enjoy as you go along

32
 with the topics.

Reminders:
Before you continue remember the following:
1. Read carefully and understand the directions.
2. Write your answers in your Math notebook.
3. Do not write anything on this module.
4. Be honest. Record and self-check your answers.
5. Observe silence in doing the activity.

You will need the following:

paper or Math notebook
pencil or ballpen
timer

MODULE OBJECTIVES
After completing the module, you are expected to:

Master basic multiplication facts.

Identify the properties of multiplication.

33
 You are given 60 minutes to do the challenge.
Good luck!

PRE-TEST
A. Find the product.

1. 9 x 5 = _____ 6. 6 x 7 = _____
2. 3 x 7 = _____ 7. 9 x 6 = _____
3. 7 x 0 = _____ 8. 0 x 9 = _____
4. 8 x 8 = _____ 9. 5 x 6 = _____
5. 10 x 10 = _____ 10. 4 x 8 = _____

B. Fill in the blanks with the missing number.

1. 13 x ____ = 13
2. 0 x ( 6 + 8 ) = ____
3. ( 4 + 7 ) x 3 = ( 4 x 3 ) + ( ___ x 3 )
4. 3 x ( 8 x 5 ) = ( ___ x 8 ) x 5
5. ( 9 + 7 ) x 0 = ____
6. 12 x 1 = ____
7. ( 1 + 9 ) x 5 = ____
8. 15 x 0 = ____
9. ( 10 + 5 ) x 3 = ____
10. 9 x 5 = ___ x 9

34
 Any errors?
Read this...

MODULAR INSTRUCTION
Multiplication is the repeated addition. Multiplication means
to have many groups of the same size. It is the inverse of
division.
Multiplicand is the number we multiply. Multiplier is the
number that multiplies. The answer in multiplication is called
product. Factors are the numbers multiplied together.
The symbol ( x ) is the multiplication sign which means that
we have to add one of the numbers repeatedly as often as
indicated by the other number.
LET’S EXPLORE

How many vases?

How many flowers in each vase?
How many flowers in all?
4 vases of 3 flowers gives 12 flowers.

We write: 3 x 4 = 12 or 3
x4
35
 A. MULTIPLICATION AS REPEATED ADDITION

Addition is a short way of adding the same number a

number times.

There are five groups, and each group has two flowers.

how many how many We can solve

 groups in each group it by adding.
5 × 2    =     2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 10
five times two flowers is ten flowers

LET’S TRY
1. Fill in the missing parts. Write a multiplication sentence.
You can solve it by adding.

a. b.

36
 ___ groups, ___ fishes in each. 
____ × ____  fishes = ____ fishes
___ + ___ + ___ + ___ ___ groups, ___ rams in each. 
____ × ____  rams = ____ rams
___ + ___ + ___ + ___

c. d.

___ groups, ___ butterflies in each.  ___ groups, ___ carrots in each. 
___ × ___  butterflies = ___ butterflies ____ × ____  carrots = ____ carrots
___ + ___ + ___ ___ + ___

2. Write an addition and a multiplication sentence for each picture.

37
 a.

b.

 
___ + ___ + ___ = ____
____ × ____ = ____
___ + ___ + ___ + ___ + ___ = ____
 ____ × ____ = ____

c.
d.
 

 
___ + ___ + ___ = ____
___ + ___ = ____
 ____ × ____ = ____
____ × ____ = ____

B. MULTIPLYING ON A NUMBER LINE

38
 Five jumps, each is two steps. 5 × 2 = 10.

LET’S TRY
A. Continue and draw jumps to fit the multiplication problem.

6 × 4 = 

 5 × 5 = 

  

3 × 10 =

LET’S PRACTICE
 Add repeatedly (or skip-count) to multiply.  You can use the number line to
help.

39
 a. 3 × 2 = ___ c. 2 × 11 = ___ e. 4 × 5 = ___
b. 6 × 3 = ___ d. 3 × 10 = ___ f. 3 × 7 = ___

C. PROPERTIES OF MULTIPLICATION
1. Commutative Property – changing the order of the factors does
not affect the product.

    4
  4
 + 4

  12

      3    +    3    +   3    +   3  =  12

Four columns; each column has three
Three rows; four apples in each row. apples. 4 × 3 = 12
3 × 4 = 12

Compare the two pictures:

2. Associative Property – changing the groupings of the factors
does not affect the product.

Example: Is ( 2 x 3 ) x 4 equal to 2 x ( 3 x 4 ) ?
Let’s simplify the 2 equations
(2 x 3) x4 = 2x(3 x 4)
6 x 4 = 2 x 12
24 = 24
We came up with the same number (24), therefore
40
 ( 2 x 3 ) x 4 and 2 x ( 3 x 4 ) are equal.

3. Identity Property – one ( 1 ) is the identity element of

multiplication. Any number multiplied by 1 equals the number.

Compare the two pictures:

Four columns, each has one coconut One  row has four coconut
tree. trees. 
4 × 1 = ___ 1 × 4 = ___

4. Zero Property – any number multiplied by zero ( 0 ) equals

zero.

Take three jumps of zero steps.  

Where do you end up?     
3 × 0 = 0.
 
 
Take ZERO or no jumps 
of three steps:  
(no jumps)
0 × 3 = 0.
5. Distributive Property – the sum of two numbers times a third
number is equal to the sum of each addend times the third
number.
Example: Is ( 2 + 3 ) x 5 equals ( 2 x 5 ) + ( 3 x 5 ) ?

41
 Let’s simplify the 2 equations
(2 + 3) x 5 = (2 x 5)+(3 x 5)
5 x 5 = 10 + 15
25 = 25
Since we end up with the same number which is 25,
we can say that ( 2 + 3 ) x 5 and ( 2 x 5 ) + ( 3 x 5 )
are equal.

LET’S TRY
A. Identify the property use in each equation.
1. 5 x 0 = 0 _____________________
2. (6x3) x 2= 6x(3x2) _____________________
3. 25 x 1 = 25 _____________________
4. ( 9 + 2 ) x 4 = ( 9 x 4 ) + (2 x 4 ) _____________________
5. 15 x 3 = 3 x 15 _____________________

LET’S PRACTICE
A. Use the properties of multiplication to complete the following equations:

1. 0 x 9 = ____
2. ( 4 x 5 ) x 2 = 4 x ( ___ x 2 )
3. 10 x 1 = ___
4. 12 x 7 = 7 x ___
5. 8 x ( 5 + 3 ) = ( 8 x ___ ) + ( ___ x 3 )
6. ____ x 0 = 11
7. ____ x ( 2 x 7 ) = ( 8 x 2 ) x 7
8. 15 = 1 x ____ You’re doing great
42
 9. 7 x ____ = 0 kid! Keep up the good
10. 12 x 7 = 7 x ____ work!

MORE PRACTICE

A.   Multiply. B .  Fill in the multiplication

table: 
a. 35 × 1 = __ d. 6 × 5 = __ ×  0   1   2   3   4   5 
b. 1 × 1 = __
c. 0 × 99 = __ e. 1 × 0 = __ 0            
f. 0 × 1            
10 = __
2            

3            

4            

5            

CHALLENGE!
Solve the multiplication sentences. Use the code to find the message
below. Each letter in the code represents the letter that comes before it in
the alphabet. 
(example:  IFMMP = HELLO)

2–X 8–Q 15 – G
CODE 5–N 10 – D 16 – W
6–T 12 – S 20 – O

43
 1. 1 x 2 = 2 8. 10 x 1 = ____
2. 5 x 1 = ____ 9. 5 x 2 = ____
3. 3 x 2 = ____ 10. 4 x 4 = ____
4. 2 x 4 = ____ 11. 4 x 5 = ____
5. 2 x 5 = ____ 12. 2 x 5 = ____
6. 4 x 3 = ____ 13. 8 x 1 = ____
7. 3 x 5 = ____ 14. 2 x 6 = ____
What’s the secret message? The first one is done for you.
Y_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ !
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

did
How’s your score kid? Did you find the
exercises easy? Well, I’m expecting that
because I know you’re a very good student.
However, if you didn’t make it you can
review the items which seems unclear to you
before going to the next level.

STOP! It’s time for a

breather! How about a bit of
physical exercise?

44
 Did you find it
relaxing? Now it’s time
for your Post Test.
Good luck!

POST-TEST
A. Identify the properties of multiplication used in each equation.
1. 1 x 15 = 15 _______________
2. 16 x 0 = 0 _______________
3. 2x(4+2)=(2x4)+(2x2) _______________
4. 18 x 5 = 5 x 18 _______________
5. (9x5)x3=9x(5x3) _______________

B. Use the properties of multiplication to complete the following equations.

1. 25 x 2 = 2 x ____
2. 0 x 15 = ____
3. ( 11 x 5 ) x 2 = 11 x ( ___ x 2 )
4. 45 = 45 x ____

Compare 45
your answer
on page 54.
 5. 5 x ( 7 + 9 ) = ( 5 x ___ ) + ( 5 x 9 )
C. Find the product.
1. 9 x 8 = _____ 9. 4
2. 15 x 0 = _____ x7
3. 1 x 35 = _____
4. 8 x 8 = _____ 10. 16
5. 0 x 32 = _____ x1
6. 7 x 8 = _____
7. 6 x 9 = _____
8. 12 x 1 = _____

ANSWER KEY

PRE-TEST

A. 1. 45 6. 42 2. 0 8. 0
2. 7. 54 3. 7 9. 45
21 8. 0 4. 3 10. 5
3. 0 9. 30 5. 0
4. 64 10. 32 6. 12
5. 100 B. 1. 1 7. 50

MULTIPLICATION AS REPEATED ADDITION

LET’S TRY
1. a. 4 groups, 2 fishes in each c. 3 groups, 2 butterflies each
4 x 2 fishes = 8 fishes 3 x 2 butterflies= 6 butterflies
2+2+2+2 2+2+2
46
 b. 4 groups, 3 rams in each d. 2 groups, 4 carrots in each
4 x 3 rams = 12 rams 2 x 4 carrots = 8 carrots
3+3+3+3 4+4

2. a. 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 10 c. 3 + 3 + 3 = 9
5 x 2 = 10 3x3=9

b. 1 + 1 + 1 = 3 d. 2 + 2 = 4
3x1=3 2x2=4

MULTIPYING ON A NUMBER LINE

LET’S TRY LET’S PRACTICE
1. make 3 more jumps, 6 X 3 = 18 a. 6 d. 30
2. make 3 more jumps, 5 x 5 = 25 b. 18 e. 20
3. make 3 jumps of 10, 3 x 10 = 30 c. 22 f. 21

ANSWER KEY

PROPERTIES OF MULTIPLICATION
LET’S TRY LET’S PRACTICE

1. zero property 1. 0 6. 11
2. associative property 2. 5 7. 8
3. identity property 3. 10 8. 15
4. distributive property 4. 12 9. 0
5. commutative property 5. 5,8 10. 12

MORE PRACTICE
0 1 2 3 4 5
A. a. 35 B.
1 1 2 3 4 5
47
2 2 4 6 8 10
3 3 6 9 12 15
4 4 8 12 16 20
5 5 10 15 20 25
 b. 1
c. 0
d. 30
e. 0
f. 0

CHALLENGE
1. 2 – X ( Y ) 8. 10 – D ( E )
2. 5 – N ( O ) 9. 10 – D ( E )
3. 6 – T ( U ) 10. 16 – W ( X )
4. 8 – Q ( R ) 11. 20 – O ( P )
5. 10 – D ( E ) 12. 10 – D ( E )
6. 12 – S ( T ) 13. 8 – Q ( R )
7. 15 – G ( H ) 14. 12 – S ( T )
SECRET MESSAGE:

ANSWER KEY

POST TEST
A B

1. Identity Property 1. 25
2. Zero Property 2. 15
3. Distributive Property 3. 5
4. Commutative Property 4. 1

48
 5. Associative Property 5. 7

C.

1. 72 6. 56

2. 0 7. 54
3. 35 8. 12
4. 64 9. 28
5. 0 10. 16

How’s your score kid? Did you

get 15 and above? Well, that means
you passed the challenge and you can
proceed to our next lesson.
But if your score is 14 and
below try to go back to the topics
which seems unclear to you.

49
The following ideas were discussed in this Module:
 Multiplication is the repeated addition. It is the inverse process of
division.
 Multiplicand is the number we multiply.
 Multiplier is the number that multiplies.
 Factors are the numbers multiplied together.
 The answer to multiplication is called product.
 The properties of multiplication are:
Commutative property – changing the order of factors does not change
the product.
Associative property – changing the groupings of factors does not affect
the product.
Identity property – any number multiplied by 1 equals the same number.
Zero property – any number multiplied by zero ( 0 ) equals zero.
Distributive property – the sum of two numbers times a third number is 50
equal to the sum of each addend times the third number.
 Speaking of success –
This medal is
awarded to you for
having successfully
completed Lesson 3!

Hi kid, how are you today?

You are about to begin the last

part of our module and probably the

most complicated among the
four fundamental operations.
51
 So prepare yourself for another
challenging, yet exciting activities.
I know you can do it!

An understanding of the
relationship between division and
multiplication is very useful in
learning division facts.
There are two types of division –
measurement division, which begins
with a product and the number of
objects in each group; and partitive
division which begins with a product
and the number of groups.
You will understand the concepts
further as you go along with the
different activities especially designed
for you.
Reminders:
1. Read carefully and understand the directions.
2. Write your answers in your Math notebook.
3. Do not write anything on this module.
Before you
4. Be honest. Record and self-check your answers. proceed consider
the following
reminders...

You will need the following:

paper or Math notebook
pencil or ballpen
timer
52
 MODULE OBJECTIVES
After completing the module, you are expected to:

Master basic division facts.

Relate multiplication and division.

You are given 60 minutes to do the challenge.

Good luck!

PRE-TEST
A. Find the quotient.

1. 15 ÷ 5 = _____ 6. 64 ÷ 8 = _____
2. 28 ÷ 7 = _____ 7. 27 ÷ 3 = _____
3. 72 ÷ 8 = _____ 8. 50 ÷ 5 = _____
4. 81 ÷ 9 = _____ 9. 35 ÷ 7 = _____
5. 10 ÷ 10 = _____ 10. 48 ÷ 5 = _____

B. Fill in the blanks with the missing number.

53
 1. a. 7 x 8 = ____
b. 56 ÷ 7 = ____
c. 56 ÷ ____ = 8
2. a. 3 + 3 + 3 + 3 + 3 = ____
b. ____ x 3 = 15
c. 15 ÷ 5 = ____
3. a. 27 – 9 – 9 – 9 = 0
b. 27 ÷ 9 = ____
4. a. 50 – 10 – 10 – 10 – 10 – 10 = 0
b. 50 ÷ ____ = 10
5. a. 9 x 4 = 36
b. 36 ÷ 9 = ____
c. 36 ÷ 4 = ____

Any errors?
Read this...

MODULAR INSTRUCTION
Division is repeated subtraction and the inverse operation
of multiplication.
Divisor, dividend and quotient are the parts of a division
sentence. Divisor is the number by which we divide. Dividend is
the number we divide, and quotient is the answer in division.

54
 When the divisor is not exact, the number left is the remainder.
The symbol (÷) which means divided by is used.
LET’S EXPLORE
How many apples in all?
How many groups?
How many apples in each group?

A group of 20 apples divided

into 4 smaller groups gives 5 apples
each.
We write: 5
20 ÷ 4 = 5 or 4 25

D. DIVISION AS REPEATED SUBTRACTION

Division is a short way of taking away the same number from a

bigger number a number of times.

Remember how Multiplication is repeated addition:

3 x 4 = 4 + 4 + 4 = 12

55
 and and gives 12
flowers

How many groups of 4 did we add?

Let’s reverse the process. You start out with 12

flowers
Make one group of 4. In your mind,
‘move it away” from the group. Form
another group of 4. Again move it away in
your mind or subtract it from the picture.
Keep forming groups of 4 till you have
none left.
How many groups did you make?

12 – 4 – 4 – 4 = 0
This is repeated subtraction. You subtract 4 repeatedly
until you reach zero. Each subtraction is forming a group of 4.
How many groups did you make?
How many times did you subtract?
We subtracted 4 three times, so
12 ÷ 4 = 3
LET’S TRY
A. Write a subtraction sentence for each division sentence.
1. 15 ÷ 5 = ____ 3. 24 ÷ 4 = ____
15 - _______ 24 - _______
56
 2. 8 ÷ 2 = ____ 4. 9 ÷ 3 + ____
8 - _______ 9 - _______

B. Write the missing number to complete a division sentence for each

subtraction sentence.
1. 10 – 2 – 2 – 2 – 2 – 2 = 0
10 ÷ 2 = ____
2. 35 – 7 – 7 – 7 – 7 – 7 = 0
35 ÷ 7 = ____
3. 30 – 10 – 10 – 10 = 0
30 ÷ ____ = 3

E. DIVISION AS THE INVERSE OF MULTIPLICATION

Division is finding how many times a number is contained in a
bigger number.

 
2 groups, 3 pineapples in each group

2 x 3 pineapples = 6 pineapples

2x3=6

If there are 6 pineapples, how many

groups of 3 pineapples are there?

We can group them by 3’s and have
2 groups. So 6 ÷ 3 = 2

57
 Let’s study the two equations:

2x3=6 6÷3=2

In multiplication In division we know

we know two factors and the product and one
we find
From our the product.
example, factor
2 and 3 are factors and we are to
of 6.
Since 6 ÷ 3 = 2, then 6 ÷ 2 = 3. find the other factor.

LET’S PRACTICE
A. Write a multiplication sentence AND a division sentence that fits the
addition/subtraction facts.
1. 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 10
10 – 2 – 2 – 2 – 2 – 2 = 0
5 x 2 = ____
10 ÷ 2 = ____
2. 5 + 5 + 5 = 15
15 − 5 − 5 − 5 = 0
___ x ___ = ___
___ ÷ ___ = ___
3. 12 + 12 + 12 + 12 = 48
48 − 12 − 12 − 12 − 12 = 0
___ x ___ = ___
___ ÷ ___ = ___
MORE PRACTICE
Write the missing number to complete the equations.
1. a. 4 x 7 = ____ 3. a. 25 x 1 = ____
58
 b. 28 ÷ 4 = ____ b. 25 ÷ 1 = ____
c. 28 ÷ 7 = ____ c. 25 ÷ ____ = 1

2. a. 8 x 5 = ____ 4. a. 8 x 7 = ____
b. 40 ÷ ____ = 5 b. 56 ÷ 8 = ____
c. 40 ÷ 8 = ____ c. 56 ÷ ____ = 7

CHALLENGE!
Answer the number riddles.
What
1. If you multiply me by 3,
number
you get 21.
am I?
2. If you divide me by 3
and then add 2, you get 5.
3. If you multiply me by 4
and then divide by 2, you get 6.
4. If you multiply me by 4
and then subtract 8, you get 16.
5. Subtract 5 from me
and then multiply by 3, you get 21.
6. Add 9 to me and then divide by 4,

59
 you get 4.

I know you’ve been

working so hard for this
Module and you deserve a
real break before
proceeding to our next
activity.
How about a slice of
pizza or listening to a
favorite music?

Directions: Solve each equation. Use the number code for each
number to find the color names inside the box.

60
 1 2 3 4 5

23

18 20 6 7 8 9 10 11

12 13 14 15 16 17 25

19 21 24 26

22 27

28

1. 16 ÷ 8 = 18. 36 ÷ 6 + 6 =
CODE 2. 27 ÷ 3 = 19. 28 ÷ 7 =
1–A 3. 10 ÷10 = 20. 40 ÷ 5 – 6 =
2–B 4. 24 ÷ 8 = 21. 64 ÷ 8 + 5 =
3–C
5. 48 ÷ 6 = 22. 15 ÷ 3 =
4–D
5–E 6. 35 ÷ 5 + 4 = 23. 56 ÷ 7 + 4 =
6–G 7. 20 ÷ 2 + 2 = 24. 60 ÷ 6 =
7–I 8. 81 ÷ 9 – 8 = 25. 18 ÷ 9 + 10 =
8–K 9. 49 ÷ 7 + 3 = 26. 25 ÷ 5 =
9–L 10. 18 ÷ 6 + 3 = 27. 12 ÷ 3 + 1 =
10 – N
11. 45 ÷ 9 = 28. 90 ÷ 9 =
11 – O
12 – R 12. 63 ÷ 7 + 6 =
13 – U 13. 32 ÷ 4 - 3 = GREEN YELLOW ORANGE
14 – W 14. 21 ÷ 7 + 6 =
15 – Y 15. 54 ÷ 6 + 0 = BLUE BLACK BROWN
16. 72 ÷ 9 + 3 = RED
17. 42 ÷ 6 + 7 =

POST-TEST
A. Write the missing numbers to complete each equation.

61
 1. a. 6 x 8 = ____
b. 48 ÷ ____ = 6
c. 48 ÷ 6 = ____
2. a. 56 – 8 – 8 – 8 – 8 – 8 – 8 – 8 = ____
b. 56 ÷ 8 = ____
c. 56 ÷ ____ = 7
3. a. 5 + 5 + 5 + 5 + 5 + 5 = ____
b. ____ x 5 = 30
c. 30 ÷ 6 = ____ Check
d. 30 ÷ 5 = ____ your answer
on page 72.
B. Find the quotient.
1. 81 ÷ 9 = ____
2. 15 ÷ 15 = ____
3. 16 ÷ 2 = ____
4. 45 ÷ 5 = ____
5. 80 ÷ 8 = ____
6. 42 ÷ 6 = ____
7. 21 ÷ 7 = ____
8. 54 ÷ 9 = ____
9. 20 ÷ 5 = ____
10. 18 ÷ 2 = ____

62
 PRE-TEST
A. 1. 3 6. 8 B. 1. a.56 2. c. 3
2. 4 7. 9 b. 8 3. b. 3
3. 9 8. 10 c. 7 4. b. 5
4. 9 9. 5 2. a. 15 8. b. 4
5. 1 10. 8 b. 5 8. c. 9

DIVISION AS REPEATED DIVISION AS INVERSE

SUBTRACTION OF MULTIPLICATION

LET’S TRY LET’S PRACTICE

3. 3 1. 5 x 2 = 10
15 – 5 – 5 – 5 = 0 10 ÷ 2 = 5
4. 4 2. 3 x 5 = 15
8 –2–2–2–2=0 15 ÷ 5 = 3
5. 6 3. 4 x 12 = 48
24 – 4 – 4 – 4 – 4 – 4 – 4 = 0 48 ÷ 12 = 4

6. 3 MORE PRACTICE
9 –3–3–3=0 1. a.28 b. 7 c. 4
B. 1. 5 2. a.40 b. 8 c. 5
2. 5 3. a.25 b. 25 c. 25
3. 10 4.a.56 b. 7 c. 8

CHALLENGE
1. 7
2. 9
3. 3
4. 6
5. 12
6. 7
PUZZLE

63
 B L A C K
R
R B O R A N G E
Y E L L O W R
D U N E
E E
N

1. 16 ÷ 8 = 2 – B 18. 36 ÷ 6 + 6 = 12 – R
CODE 2. 27 ÷ 3 = 9 – L 19. 28 ÷ 7 = 4 – D
1–A 3. 10 ÷10 = 1 – A 20. 40 ÷ 5 – 6 = 2 – B
2–B 4. 24 ÷ 8 = 3 – C 21. 64 ÷ 8 + 5 = 13 – U
3–C
5. 48 ÷ 6 = 8 – K 22. 15 ÷ 3 = 5 – E
4–D
5–E 6. 35 ÷ 5 + 4 = 11 – O 23. 56 ÷ 7 + 4 = 12 – R
6–G 7. 20 ÷ 2 + 2 = 12 – R 24. 60 ÷ 6 = 10 – N
7–I 8. 81 ÷ 9 – 8 = 1 – A 25. 18 ÷ 9 + 10 = 12 – R
8–K 9. 49 ÷ 7 + 3 =10 – N 26. 25 ÷ 5 = 5 – E
9–L 10. 18 ÷ 6 + 3 = 6 – G 27. 12 ÷ 3 + 1 = 5 – E
10 – N
11. 45 ÷ 9 = 5 – E 28. 90 ÷ 9 = 10 – N
11 – O
12 – R 12. 63 ÷ 7 + 6 = 15 – Y
13 – U 13. 32 ÷ 4 - 3 = 5 – E GREEN YELLOW ORANGE
14 – W 14. 21 ÷ 7 + 6 = 9 – L
15 – Y BLUE BLACK BROWN
15. 54 ÷ 6 + 0 = 9 – L
16. 72 ÷ 9 + 3 = 11 – O RED
17. 42 ÷ 6 + 7 = 14 - W

Congratulations! 64
You have just finished
Lesson 4. Did you get
15 and above? That
means you passed the
challenge!
But if your score
 POST TEST
A
1. a. 48 b. 8 c. 6
2. a. 0 b. 7 c. 8
3. a. 9 b. 6 c. 5 d. 6
B.
1. 9 6. 7
2. 1 7. 3
3. 8 8. 6
4. 9 9. 4
5. 10 10. 9

The following ideas were discussed in this Module:

 Division as repeated subtraction and the inverse operation of
multiplication.
 As repeated subtraction, it is a short way of taking away the same
number from a bigger number a number of times.
 As the inverse process of multiplication, it is finding how many
times a number is contained in a bigger number. 65
 Dividend is the number we divide.
 Divisor is the number by which we divide.
 Quotient is the answer in division.
 Remainder is the number left when the quotient is not exact.
 Well here we are, at
the end of this module. We
would not have reached this
point if you had not been
such a cooperative student.
Keep up the good work!
See you in our next
adventure.

REFERENCES
Enjoying Mathematics 6 pp. 16-17, 32-33, 52-53, 70-71
By: Magdalena M. Banao
Lesson Guide in Elementary Math 4 pp. 43-45, 55-69

66
 By: Dr. Rosemarie G. Torres
Amelita Peñalba
Edeliza Catacutan
Evelyn Solomon
Mathematics For Everyday Use 4 pp. 17
By: Dr. Estrella P. Mercado
Mathematics For Beginners pp. 181-182
By: Josefina A. Gaerlan
Today’s Math 1 pp. 92-105, 113-116;126-127
By: Yusinco
Palomar
21 Century Mathematics 2 (Teacher Guide)
st

pp. 23-31, 43-44,107-116

By: Loly T. Ong
Winsdy Joy S. Marcos

http://science.jrank.org/pages/6577/subtraction
http://www.homeschoolmath.net/
www.googlesearch.com

Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region I
Division of Pangasinan I
District of Bayambang I
MACAYOCAYO ELEMENTARY SCHOOL

67
 8
+0
MODULE IN MATHEMATICS 4
8

LORENA T. DELFIN
T-III

WILMA S. CARRERA, Ed. D

District Supervisor

68