CITE1004 COMPUTER LABORATORY

ACTIVITY 1
Name Limbaga Joshua A Date 10/18/2022

Section BSIT-1A Score

CPU

Control Unit

Input Unit Arithmetic & Logical Unit Output Unit

Memory Unit

Guidelines:
o Definitions
o Functions
o Relationship with each other
o Operation as a whole

Definition

 CPU - A computer's central processing unit (CPU) is a piece of hardware that executes a computer program's
instructions. It carries out a computer system's fundamental mathematical, logical, and input/output operations. The CPU
is like the computer's brain; it must process every instruction, no matter how straightforward. Therefore, let's assume you
press the letter "k" on your keyboard, and it shows on the screen. This is made possible by the CPU in your computer. The
central processor unit, or simply processor, is another name for the CPU. Consequently, the CPU is usually referred to as
the processor while you are looking at a computer's specifications in your neighborhood electronics store.
 Control Unit - All processor control signals are handled by a control unit (CU). It controls all input and output
flow, retrieves instruction code from microprograms, and controls other components by sending control and timing
signals to other models and units. A CU component is referred to as the processor's brain because it gives commands
to almost everything and makes sure that instructions are carried out correctly.
 Arithmetic and Logical unit - The portion of the CPU that performs whatever computations the CPU may require
is known as the arithmetic logic unit. The majority of these operations have a logical basis. The CPU may become
more powerful depending on the ALU's design, but it also uses more energy and generates more heat. As a result,
there needs to be a balance between the cost of the entire unit and how strong and complicated the ALU is. Faster
CPUs cost more, use more energy, and generate more heat as a result.
 Memory Unit - Memory units serve as a mechanism to quantify the amount of information gathered in one place in
memory, known as the "storage unit." These memory units are used to describe how many or how much data are
selected and applied to particular computation tasks carried out by a computing equipment. Every command or
function transmitted to the computer system's CPU involves a set of binary numbers. These binary digits, or 0s and
1s, are used in a variety of ways to examine the operations carried out within computer processor units.
 Input Unit - A computer input unit is a piece of hardware used to deliver control and data signals to a data
processing system, which may include a computer or other information device. The mouse, keyboards, scanners,
joysticks, and digital cameras are a few examples of input devices.
 Output Unit - Output unit is the part of a computer that presents the processed data in a form that management can
use.

Function
 CPU -Keep in mind that speed is the main concern as we examine the various CPU components and how they work.
When using a computer, we want the commands to be processed quickly. We ask more of the CPU as the instructions get
trickier (like making a 3D animation or editing a video file). As a result, the requirement for speed has been a major driver
of the technological advancements we have seen in CPU technology.

 Control Unit- Control data transfers between memory and I/O. Takes instructions from micro programs and decodes them. •
In charge of ensuring proper instruction execution among a processor's numerous sub-units. The control unit transforms the
information that is received into a series of control signals and sends them to the computer processor.
  Arithmetic and Logical unit - Few modern processors make advantage of several ALUs to achieve fast processing
rates. ALUs are used for arithmetic operations such addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. However, the
majority of microprocessors only feature one ALU. The data that is being operated on might be stored in binary,
BCD, EBCDIC, or ASCII representations. The ALU uses registers, which are temporary storage spaces. After the
arithmetic operation is finished, the data to be altered are copied from memory and placed in registers. The outcome
may be moved from memory to the Accumulator. The adders used by the ALU actually add, subtract, multiply, or
divide the binary digits. They are shown as logic circuits in the diagram.

 Memory Unit - Compared to slower, cheaper, and higher capacity storage, computer memory functions at a high
speed. Computer memory functions as a disk cache and write buffer in addition to holding opened applications to
enhance reading and writing performance. If running software isn't using RAM, operating systems can use it for
caching. [3] If necessary, contents of the computer memory can be moved to storage; one typical method for doing
this is by using a memory management technique called virtual memory.
 Input Unit - Input devices' primary use is to send information and orders to computers. The CPU is then used by
computers to process the data and generate output. A laptop's keyboard serves as an example of an input device for
entering numbers and characters. Similar to this, a mouse can also serve as an input device for commands and
directions.
 Output unit - The computer's answer is relayed by output devices in the form of a visual response (monitor), aural
response (speakers), or media devices (CD or DVD drives). These devices' main function is to convert the machine's
response into a form that the computer user may use. Together, the video card and monitor display visual output for
the user.

Relationship with each other

Input Unit These parts aid users in entering information and instructions into a computer system. Data can take the shape of
words, numbers, activities, commands, and more. Input devices' primary use is to send information and orders to computers.
The CPU is then used by computers to process the data and generate output.
Central Processing Unit (CPU) After receiving data and commands from users, a computer system now has to process it
according to the instructions provided. Here, it has to rely on a component called the central processing unit. The CPU further
uses these three elements

Memory unit Once a user enters data using input devices, the computer system stores this data in its memory unit. This data will
now remain here until other components of CPU process it. The memory unit uses a set of pre-programmed instructions to further
transmit this data to other parts of the CPU.

Arithmetic and logical unit This section of the CPU carries out mathematical operations. Calculations like addition, subtraction,
division, multiplication, and other fundamental operations are performed by it. Additionally, it is capable of carrying out logical
tasks like data comparison.

Control Unit This unit is the backbone of computers. It is responsible for coordinating tasks between all components of a
computer system. The control unit collects data from input units and sends it to processing units depending on its nature. Finally, it
also further transmits processed data to output units for users.

Output Unit The third and final component of a computer system is the output unit. After processing of data, it is converted into a
format which humans can understand. After conversion, the output units displays this data to users. Examples of output devices
include monitors, screens, printers and speakers. Thus, output units basically reproduce the data formatted by the computer for
users’ benefit.

Operation as a whole
A computer device is composed of a number of components that aid in its efficient processing and operation. The computer is made up of five
fundamental parts that make data processing simple and practical. In this post, we'll talk about the fundamental parts of computers and how
they work. Additionally, in the section below this article, there are sample questions based on this idea for applicants studying computer
knowledge for future competitive tests. Components of a computer system are, by definition, the essential pieces that enable an electronic
device to perform more quickly and smoothly. There are five fundamental elements, including:

1. Input Unit

2. Output Unit

3. Memory Unit
 CITE1004 COMPUTER LABORATORY
ACTIVITY 1
4. Control Unit

5. Arithmetical and Logical Unit