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    MIDTERM LAB LESSON 3 Collection Handling of SPX

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    Kristel Rollo
    The document outlines guidelines for properly collecting, transporting, and handling clinical specimens to ensure diagnostic quality, including following universal precautions, using appropriate collection methods and containers, accurately labeling specimens, and transporting specimens promptly under conditions to maintain viability. It also discusses selecting appropriate media and incubation conditions based on the suspected organism.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    MIDTERM LAB LESSON 3 Collection Handling of SPX

    Uploaded by

    Kristel Rollo
    26 views19 pages
    The document outlines guidelines for properly collecting, transporting, and handling clinical specimens to ensure diagnostic quality, including following universal precautions, using appropriate collection methods and containers, accurately labeling specimens, and transporting specimens promptly under conditions to maintain viability. It also discusses selecting appropriate media and incubation conditions based on the suspected organism.

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    MIDTERM-LAB-LESSON-3-Collection-Handling-of-Spx

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    The document outlines guidelines for properly collecting, transporting, and handling clinical specimens to ensure diagnostic quality, including following universal precautions, using appropriate collection methods and containers, accurately labeling specimens, and transporting specimens promptly under conditions to maintain viability. It also discusses selecting appropriate media and incubation conditions based on the suspected organism.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    26 views19 pages

    MIDTERM LAB LESSON 3 Collection Handling of SPX

    Uploaded by

    Kristel Rollo
    The document outlines guidelines for properly collecting, transporting, and handling clinical specimens to ensure diagnostic quality, including following universal precautions, using appropriate collection methods and containers, accurately labeling specimens, and transporting specimens promptly under conditions to maintain viability. It also discusses selecting appropriate media and incubation conditions based on the suspected organism.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 19

    Collection & Handling

    of Clinical Specimens
    JAN NHEILLE LOCSON
    Instructor
    Topic Outline

    1 2 3 4 5
    Safety and Collection from Transport Media selection Specimen
    General Guidelines various sites and Incubation rejection

    2 Collection & Handling 2022


    Safety and General Guidelines
    • A properly collected specimen is absolutely crucial to quality
    diagnostic information and patient care.

    Universal precautions are followed during the collection and


    handling process.

    1. Persons collecting or handling specimens should wear gloves and laboratory gown.
    2. Eye protection should also be worn if splashing is a potential hazard.
    3. Accidents or injuries must be reported immediately.

    3 Collection & Handling 2022


    1 Collect the specimen in the acute phase of infection and
    before the administration of antibiotics or antimicrobials.

    Appropriate collection devices and containers should be


    2 used and must be sterile. Aseptic technique is required.

    Collect specimen using proper technique with minimal


    General Guidelines 3 contamination from normal flora. Collect appropriate
    quantity of specimen.
    How to ensure appropriate
    specimen management?
    Package the specimen in a container that is designed to
    maintain the viability of organisms and avoid hazards
    4 that result from leakage.

    Label the specimen accurately.


    • Patient’s identification
    5 • Date and time of collection
    • Source of specimen
    Specimen

    SWAB
    SWAB TISSUE
    TISSUE FLUID
    FLUID

    • Wound abscess in a • Collected on bedside • Blood • Sputum


    superficial cut by a doctor. • Urine • Other body
    • Must be sterile • CSF fluids

    5 Collection & Handling 2022


    Collection
    • Specimen should be collected in a
    sterile state (except stool)
    • Swabs are not recommended since
    they easily dry up and are easily
    contaminated
    • Lesions, wounds, and abscesses –
    the exact anatomic site must be
    provided.

    Presentation title 6
    Collection from Various Sites

    a) 2-3 cultures should be collected at random times during a


    Blood b)
    24-hour period.
    Skin is disinfected with 70% alcohol, followed by iodine.

    Cerebrospinal a) Collected aseptically by a physician.


    b) Processed immediately and not exposed to refrigeration or
    Fluid heat.

    7 Collection & Handling 2022


    Collection from Various Sites

    Body Fluids a) Collected by a physician with a needle and syringe.


    Abscess aspirates or exudates, as well as b) Collected in a sterile screw-capped container.
    synovial, pericardial, and pleural fluid.

    a) Midstream clean-catch is the most common collection


    method.
    Urine b) Catheterized urine specimens usually have less normal
    flora contamination.

    8 Collection & Handling 2022


    Collection from Various Sites

    a) Collected in a clean, leakproof, wide-mouthed container


    with a tight-fitting lid.
    Stool b) Stool specimens should never be taken from the toilet and
    should not be contaminated with urine.

    a) Early morning specimens are best.


    Sputum b) Expectorated specimens from a deep cough should be
    collected into a sterile specimen cup.

    9 Collection & Handling 2022


    Collection from Various Sites

    a) The tongue should be depressed before swabbing between


    Throat b)
    the tonsillar pillars and behind the uvula.
    The cheek, tongue, and teeth should not be touched.

    a) A flexible wire nasopharyngeal swab should be gently


    Nasopharynx inserted through the nose into the posterior nasopharynx,
    rotated, and then removed.

    10 Collection & Handling 2022


    Collection from Various Sites

    MEN:
    Genital tract a) Exudates may be expressed from the urethral orifice or a
    small-diameter swab may be inserted 3 to 4 cm into the
    urethra.

    WOMEN:
    a) Cervical specimens are obtained by a physician with the
    a a) A flexible
    aid wire nasopharyngeal swab should be gently
    of a speculum.
    b) inserted through
    Lubricants, whichthe
    maynose
    be into the
    lethal toposterior
    Neisserianasopharynx,
    gonorrhoeae,
    rotated,
    should notand
    bethen
    usedremoved.
    on the speculum.

    11 Collection & Handling 2022


    Patient-collected Specimen

    URINE
    URINE STOOL
    STOOL SPUTUM
    SPUTUM

    • Midstream clean catch • For examination of GIT • First morning sputum


    • Take note if female pathogen is preferred
    patients are currently • Rectal swab must • Method of collection is
    on their menstrual show feces expectoration
    cycle. • Bacterial infection – 3 • For C&S, Acid Fast
    • Urine C&S specimens for 3 days Staining, and Cytology
    • Culture = to check if (1 per day) • For the diagnosis of
    there is growth of • Parasitic infection – 3 bacterial pneumonia
    bacteria specimens for 10 days • Should NOT be saliva
    • Sensitivity = to know
    which antibiotics are
    to detect ova/parasites
    effective Note: Stool should not be contaminated
    with urine or toilet water.

    12 Collection & Handling 2022


    Transport of Specimen
    Primary goal of transportation To maintain the specimen as
    near to its original stat as possible with minimal deterioration
    and to prevent risk to the specimen handler.

    • Specimen should be transported to the laboratory within 30


    minutes, preferably within 2 hours.

    • If transport cannot occur immediately, most specimens can


    be held at 2-8°C.
    13 Collection & Handling 2022
    Media Selection

    Most isolation Chocolate agar is Specialized media Media substitutions


    protocols call for the used for fastidious for suspected may be made with
    use of blood agar. isolates. specific organisms. acceptable results.

    14 Collection & Handling 2022


    Incubation
    The normal incubation temperature for bacterial cultures is 35°C to 37 ° C.

    AEROBES
    aaa ANAEROBES
    AAA

    • Grows in ambient air • Microorganisms which grow on


    • 21% oxygen anaerobic jar chambers with no
    • 0.03% carbon dioxide oxygen
    • 0% oxygen
    • 5 to 10% carbon dioxide
    • 80 to 90% nitrogen

    15 Collection & Handling 2022


    Incubation

    CAPNOPHILES
    aaa MICROAEROPHILES
    AAA

    • Microorganisms which requires • Microorganisms which requires


    increased carbon dioxide conc. low concentration of oxygen and
    (candle jars) increased carbon dioxide
    • 5 to 10% carbon dioxide • 5 to 10% oxygen
    • 15% oxygen • 8 to 10% carbon dioxide

    Example: H. influenzae, N. gonorrhoeae Example: H. pylori, C. jejuni

    16 Collection & Handling 2022


    1 Quantity Not Sufficient (QNS) or inadequate specimens
    for number of tests requested

    Specimens received in nonsterile or contaminated


    2 containers (including those that has leaked out)

    Specimen Rejection 3 Specimen submitted in improper container and unlabeled


    container
    The following situations or
    specimen types should be
    rejected:
    Saliva instead of sputum
    4

    Excessive delay between specimen collection and arrival


    5 in laboratory
    6 Container and request form have different ID's

    Specimens placed into formalin


    7

    Specimen Rejection 8 Stool for ova and parasites with gross barium

    The following situations or


    specimen types should be
    rejected:
    Dry swab received for culture
    9

    Improper specimen for test


    10
    End of Lesson 3
    1. Safety and General Guidelines
    2. Collection from Various Sites
    3. Transport
    4. Media selection and Incubation
    5. Specimen Rejection

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