PROPOSAL SELECTION

SYSTEM USING ANALYTIC

HIERARCHY PROCESS (AHP)

AIMAN NATASHA NAQUIYAH BINTI ISMAIL

BACHELOR OF COMPUTER SCIENCE

(INTERNET COMPUTING) WITH HONOURS
UNIVERSITI SULTAN ZAINAL ABIDIN

2018
PROPOSAL SELECTION SYSTEM USING ANALYTIC HIERARCHY
PROCESS (AHP)

AIMAN NATASHA NAQUIYAH BINTI ISMAIL

BACHELOR OF COMPUTER SCIENCE

(INTERNET COMPUTING) WITH

HONOURS FACULTY OF INFORMATICS

AND COMPUTING UNIVERSITI SULTAN

ZAINAL ABIDIN

2018
 DECLARATION

I hereby declare that this report is based on my original work except for
quotations and citations, which have been duly acknowledged. I also declare
that it has not been previously or concurrently submitted for any other degree
at Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin or other institutions.

Name: Aiman Natasha Naquiyah Binti Ismail

Date : ..................................................

i
 CONFIRMATION

This is to confirm that this project entitled Proposal Selection System using
Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was prepared by Aiman Natasha Naquiyah
Binti Ismail (BTCL15039699) and has been satisfactory in terms of scope,
quality and presentation as partial fulfillment of the requirement for the Bachelor
of Computer Science (Internet Computing) with honors in University Sultan
Zainal Abidin. The research conducted and the writing of this report was under
my supervison.

Name: Dr Suhailan Bin Dato’ Safei

Date : ..................................................

ii
 DEDICATION

First and foremost, praised be to Allah, the Most Gracious and the Most Merciful

for blessing me and giving me the opportunity to undergo and complete my final year

project, Proposal Selection System Using Analytic Hierarchy Process. I would like to

take this opportunity to express my heartiest gratitude to my supervisor, Dr Suhailan

bin Dato’ Safei for his teaching, kindness, patience, guidance and ideas towards this

project. I was so proud to be supervised with his guidance and invaluable advices.

Thank you to Faculty Informatics for giving me chance to expose and explore

myself in this project. I would like to thank my family and all the lecturers in Faculty

Informatics for giving me a great opportunity to complete my final year project. Not to

forget to mentioned all of my friends for their teaching, high technical supports and

good skills. I was very appreciating their kindness towards me.

iii
 ABSTRACT

Students are in the stage of critical thinking, the time where their ideas are

improving and enhancing greatly within themselves. During this stage, they can share

their ideas and make it reality. However, they do not have any platforms in sharing their

ideas or proposal they are creating. This system is created as a platform for the students

in promoting their ideas. This system is not only for students but also for fresh

graduated. People who visited this system may have interest to invest into the ideas

proposed by the students. This system has two users, first user is called investor, the

people who will invest into the idea and the second is called inventor, students who

proposed and created the proposal. Problems arise when investor have to choose which

proposal is the most suitable for they to invest in. This system proposal selection is

based on three criteria, first criteria is investment price, second is the develop duration

and third is commercial value of the project. These criteria are set static for this system.

Proposal Selection System apply Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) algorithm in

calculating the most recommended proposal for investor based on their preference. This

technique is based on mathematics and psychology, which is structured to manage and

analyze complex decisions. In addition, the algorithm is also able to compile the data

based on their priority. As a result, a study will be conducted to compare the best idea

propose based on certain criteria.

iv
 ABSTRAK

Pelajar berada di peringkat pemikiran kritikal, masa di mana idea-idea

mereka bertambah baik dan berkembang dengan pesat. Ketika peringkat ini, mereka

boleh berkongsi idea mereka dan menjadikannya realiti. Namun, mereka tidak

mempunyai platform untuk berkongsi idea atau cadangan. Oleh itu, sistem ini

diwujudkan sebagai platform bagi para pelajar untuk mempromosikan idea mereka.

Sistem ini bukan sahaja untuk pelajar tetapi juga untuk para graduan. Sistem ini adalah

untuk membantu mempromosikan hasil kerja pelajar serta menarik minat pelabur untuk

melabur dalam sesebuah hasil kerja yang menarik minat pelabur tersebut. Sistem ini

mempunyai dua pengguna, pengguna pertama ialah pelabur, orang yang akan melabur

dalam idea dan yang kedua ialah pencipta, pelajar atau graduan yang mencadangkan

dan mencipta cadangan itu. Masalah timbul apabila pelabur mempunyai masalah untuk

membuat pilihan pelaburan yang paling sesuai untuk mereka. Pemilihan cadangan

sistem ini berdasarkan tiga kriteria, kriteria pertama adalah harga pelaburan, kedua

ialah tempoh membangunkan sistem yang dicadang dan ketiga adalah nilai komersil

projek. Kriteria tersebut ditetapkan statik untuk sistem ini. Sistem Pemilihan Cadangan

menggunakan algoritma Proses Analitik Hierarki (AHP) untuk membuat pengiraan adil

terhadap cadangan yang paling disarankan kepada pelabur melabur berdasarkan

keutamaan mereka. Teknik ini berdasarkan matematik dan psikologi, yang berstruktur

untuk mengurus dan menganalisis keputusan yang rumit. Di samping itu, algoritma

juga dapat menyusun data berdasarkan keutamaan mereka.Konklusinya, kajian akan

dijalankan untuk

membandingkan idea terbaik yang dicadangkan berdasarkan kriteria tertentu.

v
 CONTENTS
PAGE
DECLARATION i
CONFIRMATION ii
DEDICATION iii
ABSTRACT iv
ABSTRAK v
CONTENTS vi
LIST OF TABLES vii
LIST OF FIGURES xvi
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS xv

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Problem statement 2
1.3 Objectives 2
1.4 Scopes 2-3
3
1.5 Limitation of Work
1.6 Expected Outcome 4
1.7 Report Organization

CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Introduction 5
2.2 Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) 5
2.2.2 AHP 5
5
2.2.2 Pairwise Comparison
6
2.2.3 Eigenvector 6
2.3 Features of AHP 6
2.4 Forming the Hierarchy 7
2.5 Similar Existing System 10

CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY

3.1 Introduction 12
3.1.1 Introduction of Methodology 13
3.1.2 Design vi 14
 3.1.3 Development 15
3.1.4 Testing 15
3.2 Iterative Model 16
3.2.1 System 16
3.2.2 Input 16
3.2.3 Process 16
3.2.4 Output 16
3.3 Evaluation 17
3.3.1 Framework Design 17
3.3.2 Architecture Design 17
3.3.3 Process Model 18
3.3.4 Data Model 18
3.3.5 Algorithms 18
3.4.1 Context Diagram 18
3.4.2 Data Flow Diagram 19-21
3.4.3 EER Diagram 22
3.4.4 Data Dictionary 23-25
3.4.5 Algorithm of PSS 26-28

CHAPTER IV IMPLEMENTATION DAN RESULT

4.1 Implementation and Output 29
4.1.1 Deployment / Configuration 29
4.1.2 Interfaces 30-34
4.1.3 Result Discusssion 35-36
4.2 Testing 37-45
4.2.1 Types of testing 37
4.2.2 Test cases 37
4.2.2 Summary 46

CHAPTER V CONCLUSION
4.1 Discussion 47
4.2 Test Analysis 48

vii
4.3 Future Work 48
4.4 Conclusion 49

REFERENCES 65

viii
 LIST OF TABLES

TABLE TITLE PAGE

1. Software Requirement 10
2. Hardware Requirement 11
3. Admin Data Dictionary 20
4. Inventor Data Dictionary 24
5. Proposal Data Dictionary 24
6. Criteria Data Dictionary 25
7. Result Data Dictionary 25

ix
 LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE TITLE PAGE

1. AHP Pairwise 8
2. Fundamental Scale for Pairwise Comparison 9
3. Equity.pitchin.my website 11
4. Mystartr.com website 11
5. Iterative and Incremental method 12
6. Framework of PSS 17
7. Context Diagram 18
8. DFD Level 0 (Admin) 19
9. DFD Level 0 (Inventor) 20
10. DFD Level 0 (Investor) 21
11. EER Diagram 22
12. Homepage of PSS 23
13. Lists of Proposal view by Investor 23
14. Selected Proposal to be calculated using 24
AHP
15. Selecting pairwise scale for criteria 24
16. Selecting pairwise scale for proposal 25
17. Calculation of AHP 25
18. Final Result for AHP Calculation 26
19. Login page for inventor 27
20. Inventor add proposal info 27

ix
 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS / TERMS / SYMBOLS

CD Context Diagram
DFD Data Flow Diagram
ERD Entity Relationship Diagram
FYP Final year project
GA Genetic algorithm
HCI Human computer interface

x
 LIST OF APPENDICES

APPENDIX TITLE PAGE

A Gantt Chart KI (2017/2018) 65
(Session I)
B Gantt Chart KI (2017/2018) 66
(Session Short Semester)

xi
 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

Proposal Selection system is a system that act as a platform between inventor

who are students and people or company that is called as investor. This

system contains information about proposals created by students or fresh

graduated. In this website, students propose their ideas and proposal by

creating project and adding the crucial information. Then, investor can

review the proposal’s information. Investor can also review the inventor’s

profile.

Traditionally, ideas and proposal will be proposed to company by

visiting the company itself. It is a hard work to be accomplished, the action

will consume and waste a lot of time and energy, the person proposed will

have to make appointment first then encourage the company by presenting

the proposal and having a meeting.

Technology has evolved in recent times to a level where competition

between existing systems and a new design are accessed and compared on

the basis of reliability, compatibility, output design, speed and efficiently.

Globally, people are mostly interested in systems that can match any

standard found in the international market. This project is designed to assist

inventor in proposing their ideas and proposals that are qualified to fill up

the requirements wanted by investors.

1
1.2 Problem Statement

Similar proposal is being propose by inventor and the problem is how can

the investor choose or decide on the best project to invest in.

1.3 Objective

The system has the following objectives:

i. To analyze the problem of Proposal Selection System

ii. To design a proposed system of Proposal Selection System (PSS)

based on

Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)

iii. To develop system of Proposal Selection System (PSS) Based on

Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)

2
1.4 Scope

There are three types of users in that will be using this system:

1.4.1 Admin

i. Admin can manage user, which are lecturer and student.

ii. Admin can also create, update and delete user.

1.4.2 Inventor

Inventor is a person who developed the proposal. He can do the following

function using the system:

i. Students, fresh graduated can register and login into the system

ii. Inventor can update their profile

iii. Inventor can create their proposal in the system by writing the

details of the system

1.4.2 Investor

Investor is a person who will investing into the system. He can do the

following function:

i. Company or individual person can register and login into the system.

ii. Investor can update their profile

iii. Investor can view the details of the proposal created by inventor

iv. Investor can view inventor profile

3
 1.5 Limitation of Work

i. No live interface between the inventor and the investor.

ii. The progress of the project will not be monitored by this system.

iii. The payment process is not managed by the system.

iv. The security of the proposal being steal by the third party (The copyright of

the proposal)

1.6 Expected Outcome

This system is expected to help investor in choosing the most

recommended proposal for them to invest in. The usage of analytic

hierarchy process in the system is important for the selection technique.

Finally inventor proposal will get picked by the investor.

4
1.7 Report Organization

The report organization is in six (6) chapters. In

the Chapter 1, the content consists of project

background, problem statement of project, the

objective and system scope.

Then, Chapter 2 is about the study of

literature review. This chapter is reviewing the

previous systems. The next is Chapter 3, describes

the methodology and software development. This

research used Iterative Model.

Chapter 4 explains the system’s

implementation and testing. Lastly, Chapter 5 is

all about result and conclusion of the whole

project.

5
 CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Introduction

This chapter describes and explains about the literature review about

technique used for the development of a Proposal Selection System using

Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP).

2.2 Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)

The AHP considers a set of evaluation criteria, and a set of

alternative options among which the best is to be made. It is important to

note that, since some of the criteria could be contrasting, it is not true in

general that the best option is the one which optimizes each single criterion,

rather the one which achieves the most suitable trade-off among the

different criteria. The AHP generates a weight for each evaluation criterion

according to the decision maker’s pairwise comparisons of the criteria. The

higher the weight, the more important the corresponding criterion. Next, for

a fixed criterion, the AHP assigns a score to each option according to the

decision maker’s pairwise comparisons of the options based on that

criterion. The higher the score, the better the performance of the option

with the respect to the considered criterion. Finally, the AHP combines the

criteria weights and the option scores, thus determining a global score a

6
weighted for each option, and a consequent ranking. The global score for a

given option is a weighted sum of the scores it obtained with respect to

all criteria.

7
2.3 Features of the AHP

AHP is effective in dealing with complex decision making because it

reduces complex decisions to a series of pairwise comparisons. AHP reduces

the bias in the decision making process because it also checks the consistency

of the DM’S evaluations. AHP may be considered as a tool that is able to

translate the pairwise to a series of pairwise relative evaluations (both

qualitative and quantitative) made by the DM into a multi-criteria ranking.

AHP also builds a hierarchy (ranking) of decision items using comparisons

between each pair of items expressed as a matrix algebra to sort out factors

to arrive at a mathematically optimal solution. The hierarchy is used to derive

ratio-scaled measures for decision alternatives and determines the relative

value alternatives have against organizational goals and project risks. This

algorithm ranks data based on ordinal features. For example, a dataset

containing marks of two subjects. It functions like normal summing method,

but instead of calculating summation of each objects, AHP compares each

objects in pairwise in determining the dominancy of the objects.

8
 Figure 1: AHP Pairwise

Figure 1 shows the structure process of AHP, level 1 is the pairwise

comparison for goal. Level 2 is the pairwise comparison between
criteria or factor and level 3 is the pairwise comparison between
alternative.

2.4.1 Forming the Hierarchy

Dr Rainer Haas and Dr. Oliver Meixner in their

article of an Illustrated Guide to the Analytical Hierarchy

Process stated that the process has been used to assist

numerous corporate and government decision makers. AHP

works by decomposing problems into a hierarchy of criteria

and alternatives.

2.4.1 Pair Wise comparison

In this step we will compare the elements in pairs

against a given sub-criterion or criterion. To compare

elements, ask: how much more (less) strongly is this element

preferred than the element with9 which it is being compared?

AHP employs a scale with value from 1 to 9 designate the

relative preference of one the element over another [2].

Table 2 Shows that using a pair wise comparison, the relative

importance of one criterion over one another can be

expressed. Dr Haas and Dr Olive Miner stated in their article

that Dr Thomas L. Saaty, with the University of Pittsburgh,

demonstrated mathematically that the eigenvector solution

was the best approach. Eigenvector can help in getting

ranking of priorities from a pair wise matrix.

Figure 2: Fundamental Scale for Pairwise Comparison

10
2.4.2 Eigenvector

A short computational way to obtain the ranking is to

raise the pair wise matrix to power that are successively

squared each time. Then the row sums are then calculated

and normalized. Computer is instructed to stop when the

difference between these sums I two consecutive calculations

is smaller than prescribed value [3].

a) Get ranking priorities for criterion by using criteria versus criteria

b) Compute eigenvector by adding all the value by row

c) Sum off the totals from each Criteria

d) Normalized value by dividing the row with total to get their

eigenvector

The compute eigenvector give the relatives rank. The

highest eigenvector value ranked first and so on. In

example, if T1 value of 3.0, T2 value of 2.9 while Tn

value of 3.5, the rank will be dominated for Tn which has

the highest value.

11
2.5 Similar Existing System

There are a few similar existing systems that I have found. The

systems are pitchIN.my, Mystartr.com, DonorChoose.org,

Kickstartr.com. The pitchIN system is described as Malaysia’s National

Crowdfunding platform. The features of this system is equity, companies

may offer shares of company stock directly to accredited investor in

exchange for funding commitments Debt 7 Debt funding as well. This

system also offers equity stake in company. The limitation of the system

is typically only raising fund or investing for projects that in between

$50K to $10M. This is available to accredited investor only. The creators

must issue stock in company. The problem is that this system is too

focusing on business-like system.

Mystart.com is more to a donation based crowdfunding.

Donation based means any crowdfunding campaign which there is no

financial return to the investor or contributor. The limitation is that this

kind of crowdfunding will take a lot of time to have fully enough fund

before starting a project.

Rewards based raises allow start-ups to provide an item in

exchange for a capital commitment. For example, if an investor commits

$50, the start-up may offer a copy of the product once its produced. It

offers pre-orders, custom incentives. The limitation of this system based

is typically raising less than $50K, no equity dilution and the advantages

is everyone can back you up.

12
 Problem arise as there is no platform that focusing on the welfare

of students himself or for the organization in universities, for the fresh

unemployed graduated. The company itself has no choice but to accept

any offer given, therefore this platform can help the companies to state

their wanted features of system to be developed based on a few

requirements for the developer. The capable and interested developers or

any other user may accept the given start and collaborate.

13
 Figure 3: equity.pitchin.my website

Figure 3 shows the interface of the pitchIn system.

Figure 4: MyStartr.com website

Figure 4 shows the interface of mystartr website.

14
 CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY

3.1 Introduction of Methodology

Methodology is the process, step or stages used to collect information

and data for the purpose of making decisions. The methodology is chosen

from the software development life cycle model. There are many models

included in the software included the development life cycle. For this

project, Iterative and incremental model approach has been chosen.

3.2 Iterative and Incremental model

Figure 5: Iterative and Incremental Model

The methodology used to develop this project is the

iterative model. Iterative model is the evaluation of the

classic waterfall model, with the addition of multitasking

and review even after the phase is done. This allows the

developers to
15
demonstrate results earlier in the process and obtain valuable feedback from

system users. Each iteration is a mini version of the waterfall process with

the feedback from the previous phase providing vital Sinformation for the design

of the next phase.

Iterative model is chosen among other Software Development Life Cycle

technique because it is improvement over the waterfall technique. This model can

be used for projects where the major requirements are well defined and

understood, with functionalities and requested enhancement added over time.

Also, this model makes it easier to find functional or design flaws in the early

stages of development, allowing to corrective measures to be taken. One

disadvantages are that this kind of model is more complex and require more

resources compared to other.

Initial Planning Phase

The initial planning phase where I am collecting data and review about what

system that should be develop. After discuss with supervisor, the project has been

decided is Proposal Selection System. This project is a web-based system that using

AHP technique.

Planning Phase

In the planning phase, the data about similar web system to the Proposal

Selection System and AHP technique are being gathered. Thus, discussion with the

supervisor that this system can be continue because this project is different from the

existing system. Objective, problem statement, scope and project organization has

been made based on Proposal Selection System.

16
Requirement Phase

In The requirement phase, all the requirements and module for Proposal

Selection System are identified such as searching, applying and register. In this phase,

AHP technique will also be applied in module which is searching.

Analysis and Design

In analysis and design phase, the prototype design of the system is created and

the development of the prototype based on the functionalities that will be built. The

data or requirement obtained during the requirement phase is transformed into a

design. Examples of diagrams that will be builds are Framework, Context

Diagram(CD), Data Flow Diagram(DFD) level 0 and level 1, Entity Relationship

Diagram(ERD).

Implementation and Testing

In implementation and testing phase, this phase is where the programming

begins. The logic of the system and the interface will be coded based on the

design of the previous phase. The system logic also includes coding

implementation of the AHP technique. The interface design will be built up

according to the human-computer interaction guidelines. After the codes have

been implemented into the project, testing will begin. Tests are done to examine

the smoothness of the system as well as to detect any errors that might lead to

project failure.

17
Deployment

Once all the modules are working correctly and all the errors are fixed, the

system can finally be released.

18
3.3 Evaluation

In this phase, the system that has been deployed will be presented to the users.

They will help to evaluate the system to help for its improvement.

3.4 System Requirement

Both hardware and software are required to develop the proposed system. The

following are the hardware and software used to accomplish this project.

Software Requirement

No Software Purpose

1. PHP & HTML Language Used for developing the code for

functioning and interface of the

system

2. Microsoft Office Tools that are used for

 Microsoft Word 2013 documentation of the project,

 Microsoft PowerPoint creating report, presentation slide

2013 and making diagram

3. PDF Tools used to view documents,

journal and research papers

4. XAMPP Web Server Local server to run and test the

19
 system and the database connection

5. Table 3.1: Google Chrome Tools that are used as a platform to

Software run the system

Requirement

Lists

Table 1: Software Requirement Lists

Hardware Requirement

No Hardware Purpose

1. Desktop To develop the system and make the

documentation

2. Printer To print all the needed document and report

3. External Hard Disk To store all the data and act as a backup for the

project

Table 2: Hardware Requirement Lists

20
 Analysis and Design Phase

In this phase, the software solution to meet the requirement is

designed. The diagram of the system framework, Context Diagram

(CD), Data Flow Diagram(DFD) and entity(ERD) is clarify about

the system.

3.5 Framework Design

Figure 6: Framework of Proposal Selection System (PSS)

The figure above shows the framework of Proposal Selection

System. The system is the platform for the users to communicate

with each other.

3.6 Context Diagram Design

The figure below shows the overview of the whole system.

This system consists of three entities which are the admin,

user who divided into two entities inventor and investor

21
 Figure 7: Context Diagram

The figure 7 shows the system flow which consists of two users

(inventor and investor) and admin. Admin can view the users activity.

Inventor is the user who create proposal and y it while investor will be

the user who use AHP in order to help in recommending the best proposal

for them.

3.7 Data Flow Diagram

Data Flow Diagram (DFD) is a process or stage which will involve the

front-end users.

22
3.7.1 Data Flow Diagram level 0 (Inventor)

Figure 9: Data Flow Diagram level 0

Figure 9 shows the data flow diagram for inventor. Inventor can register,

manage its log in, user profile and add their proposal into system.

23
 3.1.1 Data Flow Diagram level 0 (Investor)

Figure 10: Data Flow Diagram level 0

Figure 10 shows the data flow diagram for investor. Investor can register, log in and manage their user

profile. Investor can also view inventors’ proposal and profile. Investor use AHP to help choosing the

recommended proposal.

24
3.1.1 MySQL Model (EER Diagram

Figure 11: EER Diagram

25
3.8 Data Dictionary

3.8.1 Admin

Attribute Name Data Type Length Key Type Description

amend Varchar 10 Primary key Admin id

username Varchar 10 - Admin username

password Varchar 10 - Admin password

email Varchar 10 - Admin email

phoneNo Varchar 10 -

Table 3: Admin Data Dictionary

3.8.2 Profile

Attribute Name Data Type Length Key Type Description

studID Int 10 Primary key Student id

username Varchar 10 - Student username

email Varchar 10 - Student email

password Varchar 10 - Student password

phoneNo Varchar 10 - Student phone

number

age Varchar 10 - Student age

uniAddress Varchar 100 - Student’s university

address

proposalID Varchar 10 Foreign key Proposal id

Table 4: Inventor Data Dictionary

26
return_measure Varchar 10 - The return measure in

percentage(%) of the

proposal

payback Varchar 10 - The payback of the

proposal in years

duration Varchar 10 - The duration inventor

can develop the

proposal

investorID Varchar 10 Foreign key Investor

27
3.8.1 Result

Table 7: Result Data Dictionary

Attribute Name Data Type Length Key Type Description

resultID Varchar 10 Primary key Result id

comments Varchar 100 - Comment by inventor

Status Varchar 100 - Inventor give result to

which company he/she

choose

inventorID varchar 10 Foreign key Inventor id

28
3.8 Algorithm for PSS

Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is an effective tool to conduct

complex decision making and aid the decision maker to set priorities and

make the best then arranged the results, AHP helps to capture both subjective

and objectives aspects of a decision. AHP also a useful technique in checking

the consistency of the decision maker’s opinion. This technique can reduce

the bias in the decision making process. The application of AHP begins with

a problem being decomposed into a hierarchy of criteria so as to be more

easily analyzed and compared in an independent manner

3.8.1 How AHP Works

The AHP considers a set of evaluation criteria and a set of alternative

options. There are four step of AHP calculation. First is pairwise comparison,

user will input the chosen scale from 1-9. Second is the column addition, the

column of the AHP table will be added, then the third step is normalizing

matric. As the end result we will obtain a ranking result on which the higher

value is the best result.

3.8.2 Feature of AHP

The AHP is very flexible and powerful tool because the scores and

the final ranking, are obtained on the basis of the pairwise relative

evaluations of the criteria and the options are provided by the user’s

preference.

29
simple, but when dealing with more complex cases, the analyses and

calculations become deeper and more exhaustive.

3.8.3 Implementation Phase

For the implementation phase, the PSS needs to be developed using

PHP and MySQL for Web-based system. The editor tools to write the

programming parts is Notepad++ using PHP language and MySQL for

database. In this phase, Analytic Hierarchy Process method will integrate to

group student based on similarity course achievement. Apache is run as local

host server to run this system. This phase is critical phase where user

requirement need to be implement.

3.8.4 Testing Phase

Testing the PSS is vital part to ensure the final result based on

calculation of AHP. Intention of testing to discover error so that the error

found can be corrected and thus lead to a better system built. This process

may help the vulnerabilities that are not discovered in the previous phase.

The details testing phase in chapter 4.

30
3.9 Summary

This chapter discusses the methodology used for system development,

hardware and software required to develop this system. Each methodology

can be chosen according to the complexity of the system. Choosing right

development methodology is very important because it will affect the

development process. The suitable methodology will help the project to be

done according to the specified time that has been listed in the Gantt chart

and also fulfil the requirement of the system.

Others, design and framework are important to ensure the system

being develop according to the requirements. In this phase, the modules

involve also being describe as the data flow from one module to another

module. The diagram should be able to visualize the real flow of the system.

By looking at the diagram we could know either the process is needed or not

for the system.

31
 CHAPTER 4

IMPLEMENTATION AND RESULT

4.1 Introduction

Implementation and result are executed to ensure the system are

developed according to the main objective of the system and achieve user

requirement. This chapter will give the result of the Proposal Selection

System (PSS) that has been develop.

4.2 Implementation of PSS

There are several language has been used to develop the Proposal

Selection System. For the template interface Bootstrap 3.0 and SB Admin

has been used. Thus, for the server side PHP: Hypertext Pre- processor has

been used as programming language. PHP is widely used because it is an

open source for general-purpose scripting language, can be embedded into

HTML and it suits for Web development.

For the validation, this system had been used HTML5, PHP and

JavaScript. Validation is important to make sure user have a minimum

chance to make mistake when inserting data. For example, Inventor Name

only accept alphabet. If user input an integer, then system will

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give warning to the user such as ‘Name must be in alphabet’. Open Source database

also used in this system and the database is MySQL version 10.1.22-MariaDB.

Apache use to run local host server and the apache version is 2.4.25. Notepad++ used

for writing the code.

4.3 Design Interface

4.3.1 Main Interface

Figure 12: Homepage of Proposal Selection System

Figure 12 shows the main interface for the web-based system. User need to

choose their type of login either as Admin, Student or Lecturer.

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 Figure 13: List of Proposal view by Investor

Figure 13 shows the view proposal page. Investor can view all the

proposal added by inventor

Figure 14: Selecting proposal to be calculated using AHP

Figure 14 shows investor can choose the proposal to be calculate with

AHP algorithm. Maximum up to five proposals can be selected to be compared.

The choosing is based on user preference.

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 Figure 15: Selecting pairwise scale for criteria

Figure 15 shows user must input the pairwise comparison

for the selected proposal. First table is table to calculate

the weight of each criterion.

Figure 16: Selecting pairwise scale for proposals

Figure 16 shows user must input the scale for each

proposal to calculate its comparison

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 Figure 17: The calculation of AHP

Figure 17 shows the calculation of

AHP

Figure 18: The Final Result

Figure 18 shows the calculation of AHP for the

proposal on each criteria is display on the last table.

The value result final result of AHP priority. The

higher the value, the better the result.

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 Figure 19: Login page for inventor

Figure 1.9 shows the login page for inventor

Figure 20: Inventor add proposal info

Figure 20 shows Inventor can add proposal in this page.

Inventor can also update the information.

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4.4 Result Discussion

Generally, this project has been carried out and follow the objective

that have been explained in Chapter 1. This project has introduced three

criteria that would be used to calculate the AHP result. Others, this project

provided a better way for investor to know their recommender proposal

based on investment price, develop duration and commercial value.

Besides, AHP technique will calculate the priority value of the proposal

chosen by investor based on their preference. Thus, it is easier them to make

a decision to choose which proposal they want to invest in. Besides that,

this system will give benefits to both investor and inventor which are

inventor can keep good reputation of the university.

4.4.1 Black Box Testing

Module involve in this testing are:

i. Login

ii. Create, Retrieve, Update, and Delete Inventor

iii. Create, Retrieve, Update, and Delete Investor

iv. Create, Retrieve, Update, and Delete Proposal

v. Create, Retrieve and Update Profile

vi. Create, Retrieve and Delete Proposal Selection

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4.4.2 White Box Testing

Module involve in this testing are:

i. Generate Investor’s AHP Result

ii. Generate Calculation of Final Result between comparison of proposals

4.5 Test Cases

A test case is a set of condition or variables under which a tester will

determine wheatear a system works correctly or under test satisfies

requirement. Process of developing test case may help to find problem in

the requirement or design of an application. It simple define that test

cases are a set of condition or combination of variables under which

tester/engineer will identify wheatear the application under test is

working correctly or not. Below show the cases for several process in the

Proposal Selection System

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4.5.1 Login

Table 8: Test Cases Failed Login

Step Procedure Expected Result Pass/Fail

1. Go to login page Preview page loaded Pass

2. Enter the following detail: Pass

Admin Email:

aiman@gmail.com

Password:

12345

3. Click “Login” Button Message “Username & Pass

Password Incorrect. Try

Again!”

4. Enter again the correct Message “Login Success!” Pass

Identification Number and

Password

Table 9: Test Cases Success Admin Login

Step Procedure Expected Result Pass/Fail

1. Enter the following detail: Pass

Admin Email:

aiman@gmail.com

Password: 12345

2. Click “Login” Button Message “Login Success!” Pass

Admin homepage display

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Table 10: Test Cases Success Inventor Login

Step Procedure Expected Result Pass/Fail

1. Enter the following detail: Pass

Inventor Username: aiman

Password: 123

2. Click “Login” Button Message “Login Success!” Pass

Student homepage display

Table 11: Test Cases Success Investor Login

Step Procedure Expected Result Pass/Fail

1. Enter the following detail: Pass

Investor Username: KleZcar

Password: 123

2. Click “Login” Button Message “Login Success!” Pass

Lecturer homepage display

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4.5.1 Admin

Table 12: Test Cases Update Inventor

Step Procedure Expected Result Pass/Fail

1. Click “Add User” and then Form to add inventor Pass

“Inventor”

2. Enter the following detail: Pass

Student ID: 0309699

Student Name: Noor

Syafiqah Azim Bt Zainal

Student Course : ISMSK

(KESELAMATAN

RANGKAIAN

KOMPUTER)

3. Click “Submit” Button Message “New record Pass

successfully saved or failure”

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 Table 13: Test Cases Add Investor

Step Procedure Expected Result Pass/Fail

1. Click “Add User” and then Form to add investor Pass

“Investor”

2. Enter the following detail: Pass

Investor ID: PSSI01

Investor Name: KlezCar

Company

Phone Number: 01137262019

3. Click “Submit” Button Message “New record Pass

successfully saved or

failure”

Table 14: Test Cases Update New Inventor

Step Procedure Expected Result Pass/Fail

1. Click “Report” and then List of inventor record Pass

“Inventor”

2. Click “Edit” Button Form with inventor detail Pass

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3. Enter the following detail: Pass

Student Name: Noor

Syafiqah Azim Bt

Zainurin

4. Click “Submit” Button Message “Inventor Data Pass

successfully Update!

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 Table 15: Test Cases Update Investor

Step Procedure Expected Result Pass/Fail

1. Click “Add User” and then Form to add investor Pass

“Investor”

2. Enter the following detail: Pass

Investor ID : PSSI01

Investor Name: KlezCar

Company

Phone Number: 012-3812765

3. Click “Submit” Button Message “New record Pass

successfully saved or

failure”

Table 16: Test Cases Delete Inventor

Step Procedure Expected Result Pass/Fail

1. Click “Report” and then List of investor record Pass

“Investor”

2. Click “Edit” Button Form with investor detail Pass

3. Enter the following detail: Pass

Investor Name: KleZZCar

Company

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4.5.2 Investor

Table 17: Test Cases Delete Investor

Step Procedure Expected Result Pass/Fail

1. Click “Report” and then List of investor record Pass

“Investor”

2. Click “Remove” Button Confirmation box “Are you Pass

which investor you want to sure want to delete record

remove (Investor ID)?

3. Click “Ok” Message preview successful or Pass

Failure

Table 18: Test Cases View Profile Detail Investor

Step Procedure Expected Result Pass/Fail

1. Click “Profile” View profile detail Pass

2. Click “Update Personal Form with profile detail Pass

Info” Button

3. Enter the following detail: Pass

Name : KLezCar Company

Old Password: 123

New Password: 1234

4. Click “Submit” Button Message preview successful of Pass

Failure

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4.5.3 Inventor

Table 19: Test Cases Change Profile Photo Inventor

Step Procedure Expected Result Pass/Fail

1. Click “Profile” View profile detail Pass

2. Click “Choose file” Button Select Picture from document Pass

3. Select picture name: Pass

mimie.png

4. Click “Save” Button New picture has been uploaded Pass

Table 20: Test Cases Update Profile inventor

Step Procedure Expected Result Pass/Fail

1. Click “Profile” View profile detail Pass

2. Click “Update Personal Form with profile detail Pass

Info” Button

3. Enter the following detail: Pass

Name : Noor Syafiqah

Azim Bt. Zainurrin

Old Password: 123

New Password: ika123

4. Click “Submit” Button Message preview successful of Pass

Failure

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 Table 21: Test Cases Add Proposal

Step Procedure Expected Result Pass/Fail

1. Click “Add Proposal Info” Form to add list of Proposal Pass

Info

2. Enter following details: Pass

Proposal Title: Internship

Recommendation

System(IRS)

Proposal Info: Summary

about system

Proposal Category:

Community

Investment Price (RM):

RM900

Develop Duration (months):

7 months

Commercial Value (%): 5%

3. Click “Submit” Button Message “New record Pass

successfully saved or

failure”

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 Table 22: Test Cases Update Proposal

Step Procedure Expected Result Pass/Fail

1. Click “Report” and then List of proposal Pass

“Proposal”

2. Click “Update” Button Form with details of proposal

2. Enter following details: Pass

Proposal Title: Internship

Recommend System(IRS)

Proposal Info: Summary

about system

Proposal Category:

Community

Investment Price (RM):

RM900

Develop Duration (months):

7 months

Commercial Value (%): 5%

3. Click “Submit” Button Message “New record Pass

successfully saved or

failure”

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4.6 Summary

As a conclusion, this chapter briefly discussed about the implementation of code,

interface design and testing of the system. In order to make the system

functioning properly. All the test case is test carefully to make sure the intended

result. The result of tests was carried out roughly where all input and output of

the system view has the explanation behind. Thus, the main process and modules

flow are discussed. This functionally had been test and evaluated.

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 CHAPTER 5

CONCLUSION

5.0 Introduction

This chapter will discuss a conclusion of this project and the content on

this chapter are summary for the whole of this project, project contribution,

project limitation and some suggestion for the future.

5.1 Project Contribution

Proposal Selection System have been developed for final year student in

Faculty of Informatics Computing in UniSZA. It has achieved the objectives

and scope of this project. Below is the list of the achievements on this project

i. Discover the skills of students and motivate student to create great project

ii. Student can improve their final year project in order to attract investor

iii. This system gave benefits to the company by getting good project for their

company

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5.2 Project Constraint and Limitations

There are few problems and limitations that occur throughout the

development of these project. The problems and limitation in

conducting this study are:

i. This system only covers three criteria (Investment price, develop

duration and commercial value)

ii. AHP scale need to insert manual by investor.

5.3 Testing Analysis

After the development of the system are already complete. This system

will be test using two techniques of software testing which are black

box testing and white box testing in order to examine the functionality

of the system.

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5.4 Future Work

These are some suggestions that can be made to upgrade the

system to be more efficient in future work. The suggestion that

need to be considered area:

i. Put more criteria for the proposal to help recommend for a better

result such as interest rate of the proposal

ii. Add more functionality on the system. For example, Investor can

leave comment on the inventor proposal, Investor and inventor

can also communicate with each other

5.5 Conclusion

Proposal Selection System is a system that help student explore new things.

Based on the previous study and discussion with supervisor the suitable

approach that will be implement in this project is AHP techniques. This

system will provide an appropriate platform for investor to select good

proposal to be assigned to the best company and help students in promoting

their project. Hopefully, this system may help student to discover new things

that are suite with their expertise and skill.

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REFERENCES

[1] “Top 10 Crowdfunding Websites”, KCLau, 2013

[2] “Multi-Criteria Decision Making Using the Analytical Hierarchy

Process for Wicked Risk Problems”, G. Cave

[3] “The Analytic Hierarchy Process”, Thomas L. Saaty, 1990

[4] URL:
https://www.pmi.org/learning/library/analytic-hierarchy- process prioritize-
projects-6608

[5] URL:
http://www.dii.unisi.it/~mocenni/Note_AHP.pdf

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APPENDIX

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Gantt chart KI (2017/2018 Session 1)

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Gantt Chart KI (2017/2018 Session Short Semester)

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