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Web Mapping? Why? How?: Isn't Google Enough?

This document provides an overview of web mapping and geospatial technologies. It introduces common web mapping servers and APIs, including MapServer, GeoServer, OpenLayers and commercial options from Google. It discusses setting up basic web mapping services (WMS and WFS) using these tools and testing them in a web browser or GIS client. The document also touches on publishing maps on web pages, using different basemaps, and cataloging spatial data.

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irenepinedo
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105 views

Web Mapping? Why? How?: Isn't Google Enough?

This document provides an overview of web mapping and geospatial technologies. It introduces common web mapping servers and APIs, including MapServer, GeoServer, OpenLayers and commercial options from Google. It discusses setting up basic web mapping services (WMS and WFS) using these tools and testing them in a web browser or GIS client. The document also touches on publishing maps on web pages, using different basemaps, and cataloging spatial data.

Uploaded by

irenepinedo
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Web Mapping? Why? How?

Isn't Google enough?

Jo Cook Senior IT Support and Development Oxford Archaeology/OADigital j.cook@thehumanjourney.net +44 (0)1524 880212

The Geospatial Stack


(Diagram from Hell)

The Real Geospatial Stack

Your Data
Must be:

Accessible Readable Clean

Map Servers

Converting your data into web-accessible formats

Minnesota Mapserver
Download windows binaries from: http://maptools.org/ms4w/ and everything else from: http://mapserver.gis.umn.edu/download/current/

Minnesota Mapserver
Check it's working by entering the following URL in firefox: http://www.maths.lancs.ac.uk/cgi-bin/mapserv?

Simple Map File (test.map):


MAP NAME "My first map" UNITS dd EXTENT -10908931.354601 -2813375.945688 8689298.182275 11986946.775106 PROJECTION 'init=epsg:4326' END IMAGETYPE PNG SIZE 400 300 SHAPEPATH "/web/home/cookj1/data/vmap0_shapefiles" IMAGECOLOR 255 255 255 LAYER NAME alaska DATA alaska STATUS OFF TYPE POLYGON PROJECTION 'init=epsg:4326' END CLASS NAME "Alaska" STYLE COLOR 232 232 232 OUTLINECOLOR 32 32 32 END END END END

Testing your map


Test your map at the web prompt: http://www.maths.lancs.ac.uk/cgi-bin/mapserv? map=/web/home/cookj1/test.map&mode=map Or from the command line: shp2img -m test.map -o testmap.png

Mapserver in the wild


http://mapserver.gis.umn.edu/gallery

Geoserver
http://geoserver.org/

Mapserver Demos
Try the demos here: http://www.maths.lancs.ac.uk/~rowlings/MapServer/workshop-5.0/

Web Mapping Services


The Power-House of your setup

WMS
A GetCapabilities request: http://wms.jpl.nasa.gov/wms.cgi?request=GetCapabilities

<?xml version='1.0' encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no" ?> <!DOCTYPE WMT_MS_Capabilities SYSTEM "http://wms.jpl.nasa.gov/WMS_MS_Capabilities.dtd" [ <! ELEMENT VendorSpecificCapabilities EMPTY> ]> <WMT_MS_Capabilities version="1.1.1"> <Service> <Name>OGC:WMS</Name> <Title>JPL Global Imagery Service</Title> <Abstract>WMS Server maintained by JPL, worldwide satellite imagery.</Abstract>

...

WMS
A GetMap request: http://wms.jpl.nasa.gov/wms.cgi? request=GetMap &service=wms &version=1.1.1 &srs=EPSG:4326 &format=image/jpeg &styles= &bbox=-180, -60, 180, 84 &width=600 &height=300 &layers=global_mosaic

Additions to the map object (test_wms.map)


MAP ... WEB ... METADATA "wms_title" "My first wms server" "wms_srs" "EPSG:4326" "wms_onlineresource" "http://www.maths.lancs.ac.uk/cgibin/mapserv?map=/web/home/cookj1/test_wms.map END END ... END

Additions to the layer object


LAYER ... STATUS MINSCALE 1000 MAXSCALE 10000000 METADATA "wms_title" "My first wms layer" "wms_srs" "EPSG:4326" END END

Testing your server


GetCapabilities: http://www.maths.lancs.ac.uk/cgi-bin/mapserv? map=/web/home/cookj1/test_wms.map&service=wms&reque st=GetCapabilities Add it as a WMS layer in Quantum GIS

WFS
A GetCapabilities Request: http://map.ns.ec.gc.ca/envdat/map.aspx? service=WFS&version=1.0.0&request=GetCapabilities A GetFeature Request: http://map.ns.ec.gc.ca/envdat/map.aspx? service=WFS &version=1.0.0 &request=GetFeature &typename=envirodat

MAP ... WEB ... METADATA ... "wfs_title" "My first wfs server" "wfs_srs" "EPSG:4326" "wfs_onlineresource" "http://www.maths.lancs.ac.uk/cgibin/mapserv?map=/web/home/cookj1/test_wfs.map END END LAYER ... DUMP TRUE METADATA "wfs_title" "My first wfs layer" "gml_featureid" "cat" "gml_include_items" "all" END
...

Additions to map and layer (test_wfs.map):

Testing your server:


A GetCapabilities Request: http://www.maths.lancs.ac.uk/cgi-bin/mapserv? map=/web/home/cookj1/test_wfs.map&service=wfs&reque st=getcapabilities&version=1.0.0 A GetFeature Request: http://www.maths.lancs.ac.uk/cgi-bin/mapserv? map=/web/home/cookj1/test_wfs.map&service=wfs&versio n=1.0.0&request=getfeature&typename=alaska

Maps on web pages


(Finally)

An OpenLayers map file (oltest1.html)


<html> <head> <script src="http://www.maths.lancs.ac.uk/ol/lib/OpenLayers.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> var map; function init() { map = new OpenLayers.Map('map'); var wms = new OpenLayers.Layer.WMS( "OpenLayers WMS", "http://labs.metacarta.com/wms/vmap0?", {layers: 'basic'} ); map.addLayers([wms]); map.zoomToMaxExtent(); } </script> </head> <body onload="init()"> <div id="map" style="width: 600px; height: 300px"></div> </body> </html>

WMS Layers in detail


name {String} A name for the layer url {String} Base url for the WMS params {Object} An object with key/value pairs representing the GetMap query string parameters and parameter values. options {Object} Hashtable of extra options to tag onto the layer var wms = new OpenLayers.Layer.WMS("Alaska", "http://www.maths.lancs.ac.uk/cgi-bin/mapserv? map=/web/home/cookj1/test_wms.map", {layers: "alaska"}, {'isBaseLayer': false});

Commercial Layers (oltest2.html)


You need an API key in the script section (for google, sign up at http://code.google.com/apis/maps/signup.html): <script src='http://maps.google.com/maps? file=api&amp;v=2&amp;key=ABQIAAAAjpkAC9ePGem0lIq5XcMiuhR_wWLPFku8Ix9i 2SXYRVK3e45q1BQUd_beF8dtzKET_EteAjPdGDwqpQ'></script> Then additions to the html file: var satellite = new OpenLayers.Layer.Google( "Google Satellite" , {type: G_SATELLITE_MAP} ); map.addLayers([satellite]);

Google/WMS Layers (oltest_wms.html)


var map; var options = { }; projection: new OpenLayers.Projection("EPSG:4326"), maxExtent: new OpenLayers.Bounds(-179.722, 33.6053, 179.679, 84.7857)

function init() { map = new OpenLayers.Map('map', options); map.addControl(new OpenLayers.Control.LayerSwitcher()); var gsat = new OpenLayers.Layer.Google( "Google Satellite", {type: G_SATELLITE_MAP} ); var wms = new OpenLayers.Layer.WMS( "Alaska", "http://www.maths.lancs.ac.uk/cgi-bin/mapserv?map=/web/home/cookj1/test_wms.map", {'layers': 'alaska', 'transparent': true}, {reproject: true} ); map.addLayers([gsat, wms]); } map.setCenter(new OpenLayers.LonLat(-152, 67), 3);

WFS Layers
Require extra configuration of the server to accept external wfs requests (see http://trac.openlayers.org/wiki/FrequentlyAskedQuestions#ProxyHost): In general, uses the same set of parameters as WMS, eg: var wfs = new OpenLayers.Layer.WFS( "Alaska", "http://www.maths.lancs.ac.uk/cgi-bin/mapserv? map=/web/home/cookj1/test_wfs.map", {typename: "alaska"} ); BUT: WFS layers need reprojecting to overlay correctly on commercial map layers (you may need to edit the projection file that mapserver uses- see http://crschmidt.net/~crschmidt/spherical_mercator.html)

OpenLayers Examples
Try them out at: http://www.maths.lancs.ac.uk/ol/examples

Other Mapping APIs


Mapguide OpenSource: http://mapguide.osgeo.org

Cataloguing
(Or what to do with all this fancy web-data now you've got it)

Geonetwork
Java-based geospatial cataloguing system Download at: http://geonetwork-opensource.org/

Geonetwork in the wild


http://www.geoportal.org

References
Web Mapping Illustrated (O'Reilly) by Tyler Mitchell ISBN 0-596-00865-1 Mapserver main website: http://mapserver.gis.umn.edu/ Mapserver 5 tutorial: http://biometry.gis.umn.edu/tutorial/ Geoserver website: http://geoserver.org/ Openlayers website: http://openlayers.org/ Introduction to Openlayers (Workshop, FOSS4G 2008): http://workshops.opengeo.org/openlayers/intro/doc/ OGC Standards (for WMS/WFS etc): http://www.opengeospatial.org/standards Geonetwork website: http://geonetwork-opensource.org/

Jo Cook Senior IT Support and Development Oxford Archaeology/OADigital j.cook@thehumanjourney.net +44 (0)1524 880212
This work is licenced under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales License. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/uk/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 171 Second Street, Suite 300, San Francisco, California 94105, USA.

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