Final

URDANETA CITY College of Pharmacy
UNIVERSITY
Owned and operated by the City Government of Urdaneta
GROUP NAME: ARLENE GARCIA MARIEL MOSCARE

BABY JOY NATAVIO MORIANCUMER SALVADOR
LOCQUIAO
CHRISTINE JOY DELA CRUZ REGGIE LAINE NICOLE
PARAGAN
EUODIA FAYE BENIGNO ROSE ANN MAMUYAC
JAN QUELCH BUMANLAG CERAMI SANCHAI CORPUZ
EXERCISE NO. 6
PLANT TISSUES
I. OBJECTIVES: After completing this exercise, you should be able to:
1. Describe meristematic tissues found in different plant parts.
2. Describe complex conducting tissues of plants and their functions.
3. Describe other complex tissues that are neither meristematic nor conducting.
II. MATERIALS:
Compound microscope, prepared onion root tip, cadena de amor, tilia leaf, Helianthus stem, cadena
de amor, stone cells, tangential; section of wood, ranunculus root, cork , textbooks and references.
II. PROCEDURE:
Focus each slide under MPO and locate the different tissues indicated in the following:
a. Allium cepa- Meristematic tissues

Apical meristems found at the tip of roots and shoots which produce new cells to increase
the length of the root or shoot.
b. Tilia leaf - Upper and lower epidermis

Epidermal cells a re a single superficial layer of cells covering all other primary tissues
which are derived from the apical meristems. These cells protect underlying tissues.
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c. Vicia faba - Parenchyma tissues

Parenchyma cells tend to have large vacuoles and may contain various secretions. They
may be classified as either:
i. Aerenchyma cells which have extensive connected air spaces

ii. Chlorenchyma cells which contain chloroplasts ( green pigments )
d. Cadena de amor - Collenchyma tissues

Collenchyma cells are rather elongated cells provide excellent support and strengthening
functions being located just beneath the epidermis and thickened at the corners.
e. Stone cells - Sclereids

Sclerenchyma cells support and protect due to the shape, thickness and toughness of their
cell walls on which are deposited with lignin. They are further classified as:
i. Sclereids - isodiametric cells

ii. Fibers- Elongated cells with pointed ends
f. Helianthus stem- Reticulate vessels, annular vessels, spiral vessels, pitted vessels
Vessels are made up of vessel elements which are long tubes that are open at each end.
Their walls are thickened forming a secondary wall that is deposited in different patterns.
i. Reticulate vessels - the lignin forms a network on the walls

ii. Annular vessels - lignin deposits appear as separate rings
iii. Spiral vessels - lignin is laid down as spiral bands
iv. Pitted vessels- the walls are pitted
v. Scalariform vessels - have the thickenings in the form of transverse, interconnecting bars
g. Tangential section of the wood - Tracheids , vascular ray

Tracheids - tubes that are tapered at each end, with pits that allow passage of water between
cells.
Rays - important for lateral short- distance conduction.
h. Cork cells
These are flattened, thin- walled cells with little or no intercellular spaces. These make up
the periderm that constitutes the outer bark of a woody stem.
IV. ACTIVITY:
Draw or take a picture of all the slides focused and label properly.
V. QUESTIONS FOR RESEARCH:
1. Describe meristematic tissues fully including apical, lateral and intercalary types.
2. Why are conducting tissues referred to as complex tissues?
3. Tabulate the complex conducting tissues as to their descriptions and functions.
4. Differentiate primary and secondary growths in plants.
5. Explain how annual rings are formed.
IV. ACTIVITY: DRAWING

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 ARLENE GARCIA
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 BABY JOY L. NATAVIO

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 CHRISTINE JOY DELA CRUZ

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 EOUDIA FAYE BENIGNO

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 JAN QUELCH BUMANLAG

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 MARIEL MOSCARE
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 MORIANCUMER SALVADOR LOCQUIAO

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 REGGIE LAINE NICOLE PARAGAN

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 ROSE ANN MAMUYAC

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 SANCHAI S. CORPUZ
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V. QUESTIONS FOR RESEARCH:

1. Describe meristematic tissues fully including apical, lateral and intercalary types.
Meristems are classified by their location in the plant as apical (located at root and shoot tips), lateral (in the
vascular and cork cambia), and intercalary (at internodes, or stem regions between the places at which
leaves attach, and leaf bases, especially of certain monocotyledons—e.g., grasses)
REFERENECES:
Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopaedia (2022, September 20). meristem. Encyclopedia Britannica.

https://www.britannica.com/science/meristem
2. Why are conducting tissues referred to as complex tissues?
 A complex tissue is the one which has more than one type of cells having a common origin which
coordinates to perform a common function.Xylem and phloem are made of different types of cells
hence they are called complex tissues. Xylem and phloem are called as a complex tissue because they
are made up of more than one type of cells. These cells work in a coordinated manner, as a unit, to
perform the various functions of the xylem and phloem.
 Xylem is different from the phloem as xylem conducts water from roots to leaves and phloem conducts
food from leaves to different parts of plants.
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REFERENECES:
Swain, T. (2021, August). complex tissues. LIDO. https://www.lidolearning.com/questions/s-bb-
ncertexemplar9-ch6-ex-q54/why-are-xylem-and-phloem-calle/
3. Tabulate the complex conducting tissues as to their descriptions and functions.
 Plant Tissues
A collection of cells performing a specific function is called tissue. Plant tissues can be grouped into plant
tissue systems each performing specialized functions. A plant tissue system is defined as a functional unit,
connecting all organs of a plant. Plant tissue system is also grouped into various tissues based on their
functions. Let’s find out more.
REFERENECES:
Tiwari, G. (2016, April). Anatomy of Flowering Plants. Toppr.
https://www.toppr.com/guides/biology/anatomy-of-flowering-plants/plant-tissues/
4. Differentiate primary and secondary growths in plants.
 The increase in length of the shoot and the root is referred to as primary growth. It is the
result of cell division in the shoot apical meristem. Secondary growth is characterized by an
increase in thickness or girth of the plant. It is caused by cell division in the lateral meristem.
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REFERENECES:
Libretexts. (2022, June 9). "30.4: Stems - Primary and Secondary Growth in Stems" (n.e.d.). Biology
LibreTexts 30.4: Stems - Primary and Secondary Growth in Stems - Biology LibreTexts
5. Explain how annual rings are formed.

Due to differential seasonal activity of cambium during autum and spring season) alternate light and dense
wood is cut off leading to formation of annual rings.
REFERENECES:
Shreeja, R. (2021, September). Vedantu. https://www.vedantu.com/question-answer/annual-rings-and-
growth-rings-are-formed-due-to-class-11-biology-cbse-5f3a1c55f22476
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URDANETA CITY College of Pharmacy

GROUP NAME: ARLENE GARCIA MARIEL MOSCARE

I. OBJECTIVES: After completing this exercise, you should be able to:

1. Describe meristematic tissues found in different plant parts.

2. Describe complex conducting tissues of plants and their functions.

a. Allium cepa- Meristematic tissues

b. Tilia leaf - Upper and lower epidermis

c. Vicia faba - Parenchyma tissues

i. Aerenchyma cells which have extensive connected air spaces

d. Cadena de amor - Collenchyma tissues

e. Stone cells - Sclereids

i. Sclereids - isodiametric cells

i. Reticulate vessels - the lignin forms a network on the walls

g. Tangential section of the wood - Tracheids , vascular ray

Rays - important for lateral short- distance conduction.

V. QUESTIONS FOR RESEARCH:

IV. ACTIVITY: DRAWING

 BABY JOY L. NATAVIO

 CHRISTINE JOY DELA CRUZ

 EOUDIA FAYE BENIGNO

 JAN QUELCH BUMANLAG

 MORIANCUMER SALVADOR LOCQUIAO

 REGGIE LAINE NICOLE PARAGAN

 ROSE ANN MAMUYAC

V. QUESTIONS FOR RESEARCH:

Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopaedia (2022, September 20). meristem. Encyclopedia Britannica.

Swain, T. (2021, August). complex tissues. LIDO. https://www.lidolearning.com/questions/s-bb-

3. Tabulate the complex conducting tissues as to their descriptions and functions.

Tiwari, G. (2016, April). Anatomy of Flowering Plants. Toppr.

4. Differentiate primary and secondary growths in plants.

5. Explain how annual rings are formed.

Shreeja, R. (2021, September). Vedantu. https://www.vedantu.com/question-answer/annual-rings-and-

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