Republic of the Philippines

Technological University of the Philippines

Ayala Blvd. cor. San Marcelino St. Ermita, Manila

• MODULE 4

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

ELECTRICAL WORKSHOP 2
Republic of the Philippines
Technological University of the Philippines
Ayala Blvd. cor. San Marcelino St. Ermita, Manila

• MODULE 4

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

ELECTRICAL WORKSHOP 2
I. Objectives:
At the end of the activity, students should be able to:

1. Appreciate the importance of a reliable motor control system.

2. Understand basic operating principles of various motor control components.
3. Familiarized themselves with motor control terminologies.

II. Technical Information:

Motor control systems control the electrical energy used to run a motor. Many of the components used to
control that energy are in the motor controller, protected by a motor control enclosure. Inside the enclosure,
at the heart of every motor controller, is the motor starter. The starter has two parts: the contactor and the
overload relay. It is easier to understand the motor control system if you think of them as divided into two
kinds of circuits: the power circuit and the control circuit.
The power circuit contains all the components that carry the full voltage and current to operate the
motor. Besides the contactor, these commonly include disconnects, fuses, breakers and overload heaters.
The control circuit is usually operated at a lower voltage and contains all the components necessary
to switch power to the motor on and off under the proper conditions and at the proper time. These commonly
include devices like relays, usually inside the enclosure; field devices like start and stop buttons, limit switches
and pressure switches; and indicating devices like lights and alarms to help monitor the operation of the
system.

Three-Wire Control: The Seal-In Circuit

All the components of motor control systems are linked together in circuits which determine what
function can be accomplished: starting, stopping, reversing, jogging and so on.
The seal-in circuit is one of the most common. It's also called the maintaining circuit or holding contact
because it maintains or holds-in the power to a component - like a contactor or a relay - even after a
pushbutton or other momentary switch no longer supplies power. The circuit is maintained until power is
interrupted.
Pushing the start button energizes M, the coil of the contactor. A normally open set of contacts on the
contactor are wired in parallel with the start button. When the armature on the contactor closes, these sealin
contacts close, and remain closed until the stop button is pushed. This de-energizes the M coil and returns the
seal-in contacts to their normally open condition until the coil is energized again.

ELECTRICAL WORKSHOP 2

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Republic of the Philippines
Technological University of the Philippines
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• MODULE 4

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

Motor starters may also be wired for two-wire control. This requires the use of a maintained-contact
switch to keep the coil of the contactor energized after the run button is released. However, if power is
restored following a shut-down, the motor starter will be re-energized automatically.
Three-wire control is often used because it provides protection for personnel from such unexpected
start-ups. The motor will not automatically re-start after it's stopped due to a no-voltage or low-voltage
condition.

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Holding Contact

III. Evaluation:

1. What are the basic components of a motor starter?

There are different components in a motor starter. Based on my understanding, these components are
divided into two parts, the components for the power circuit and the component for the control circuit. The
components in the power circuit are as follows: first, the Main Circuit Breaker, which is a switching device that
allows current to flow through the circuit when closed and interrupts faulty current, thereby protecting the
electrical system from damage; second, the Main Contactor, which is used to connect and disconnect the
electrical supply from the motors; third, the Thermal Overload, which is a protective device that de-energizes
the entire motor starter when there is an overheating; last, is the motor that converts electrical energy to
mechanical energy.

Next is the control circuit also composed of different components. This circuit also has a circuit breaker
which is called a Control circuit breaker, but it only has a small amperage because the control circuit requires
only a small ampere to power up. Next, is the push button switches such as the NO start push button, NC Stop
push button, and emergency buttons, these switches may be latching or momentary. Also, there are signal
lamps to know the various condition within the motor starter.

2. How important is the ladder or schematic diagram of a motor control circuit?

Based on my understanding, an electrical schematic diagram is a representation of how the sequence of

different electrical components works it also shows the illustrations and symbols of electrical devices. So,
learning how to read a schematic diagram and understanding its function is important because a schematic or
ladder diagram will give you information about the connection of all the components. Additionally, if we can

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 Republic of the Philippines
Technological University of the Philippines
Ayala Blvd. cor. San Marcelino St. Ermita, Manila

• MODULE 4

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

learn the sequence of an electrical circuit, we will be able to reduce faults and accidents in real life since we
will be able to read the diagram and understand the flow of how the circuit will work. Furthermore, a schematic
diagram of a motor circuit is useful since it will guide us on how the various motor starters or circuits work.
This will also serve as a guide for what equipment is visible, and we will learn how to operate the motor

ELECTRICAL WORKSHOP 2
circuit in the schematic diagram. Lastly, the schematic diagram is important on design different motor starters because it will
help us to visualize the system and simulate it for functionality.

3. What is the purpose of the disconnect switch?

As I recall the lesson, when we try to simulate the direct online starter, we also input the Fuse
Disconnecting Switch as another protection on the motor circuit aside from the thermal overload relay. I define
a disconnecting switch as an electrical safety device switch to let the current flow through the circuit it also
serves to de-energize the motor and it is sometimes a combination of fuses that melts a metal and shuts off
for safety when there is an overcurrent. There are different disconnecting switches it can be fusible and non-
fusible, but the main purpose of the disconnecting switch is to make sure the circuit is completely deenergized
it is a safety switch when there is maintenance, during service, or just in case there is an overcurrent it serves
as an emergency stop. Moreover, these disconnecting switches can be used manually and automatically, this
device has many benefits as it protects the circuit when there is an overcurrent, shorts circuit, circuit overloads,
and when this fault happens it interrupt the power for everyones safety.

4. What components provides short circuit protection for the motor?

5.
Short circuit protection is electrical circuit protection, and it trips or functions whenever there is an
overcurrent, or the current is beyond the acceptable current rating of the equipment. Based on my memory,
their devices protect the circuit whenever a short circuit or current overload occurs, such as Fuses and circuit
breakers. To further discuss, fuses a small conductor that let the current flow through, but it melts and breaks
for safety purposes whenever there is an overcurrent. Some fuses are embedded into the switches such as
Fuse disconnecting switch, this kind of fuse switch allows the current to flow when turned on and when there
is a short-circuit the fuses take action and break the circuit. The next one is the circuit breaker that also
interrupts the power when there is an overcurrent, its operation is that once the bi-metallic metal feels the
overloading of current it changes shapes and therefore lifts the lever and breaks the circuit.

To conclude, these different components have the same importance that functions whenever a short
circuit occurs. It breaks the circuit to avoid damaging the devices such as motors and it also prevents accidents
that may occur within the area.

6. How does the overload relay protect the motor?

An overload is a circumstance in which a motor draws more current than its rated value for an extended
length of time. Overheating happens as a result of an overload. So when it happens An overload relay takes

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Republic of the Philippines
Technological University of the Philippines
Ayala Blvd. cor. San Marcelino St. Ermita, Manila

• MODULE 4

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

action that protects an electric motor from overloads and circuit failure. It detects overloading and blocks
power flow to the motor, protecting it from overheating and winding damage.

The thermal overload works with the properties of bimetallic strips and that's where the current flows.
When the bi-metallic strips sense heat by the current it bends and interrupts the circuit. These thermal
overload relays are connected to a contractor, so when they overheat the trip contact activates and breaks
the supply of the contactor and de-energizes the motor. As I recall there are types of OL this is the one that
works with "Bi-metallic Thermal OVerload relays" and an "electronic overload relays. The one I've discussed
earlier is a bi-metallic thermal overload so now I will discuss the electronic thermal overload.

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Republic of the Philippines
Technological University of the Philippines
Ayala Blvd. cor. San Marcelino St. Ermita, Manila

• MODULE 4

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

ELECTRICAL WORKSHOP 2

This type of overload relays is different from the bi-metallic since it doesn't have bi-metallic strips. Instead,
it uses sensors to see the current flowing to the motor, and when there is a rise in temperature the sensor
activates and trips the circuit.

7. How does the auxiliary contact connect to a normally open pushbutton in a seal – in circuit?

In a motor starter, there is a NO start push button and an NC stop push button, when we press the start
push button the motor will be energized but if we released it will be de-energized. So here's where the hold
on contacts or seal-in is connected. The connection of this is that the auxiliary contacts of a contactor are
connected in parallel with the start button to keep the starter coil energized when the start button is released.
When we push press the start push button, the motor will be energized, and the current will now flow to the
Holding contacts so that the motor will continuously be energized.

8. Why is a two – wire control unsafe to be used in a motor control circuit?

As far as I know, the definition of two-wire control is that it is a two-wire for a start push button. This is
safe it will carry a small amount of current only but it will be unsafe if it carries a large amount of current
without electrical protection devices because these types of controls can't handle large current loads. If it is
unsafe because it has low impedance that if a sudden overcurrent occurs, it will damage the whole circuit.
Furthermore, a two-wire motor control is prone to overcurrent, it might blow your fuses orif there is no
protective device it might cause danger to the controller.

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Republic of the Philippines
Technological University of the Philippines
Ayala Blvd. cor. San Marcelino St. Ermita, Manila

• MODULE 4

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

ELECTRICAL WORKSHOP 2
9. Differentiate instantaneous, latching and timed delay relay.

Basically, Instantaneous Relay has no time delay therefore it is instant when the current crosses the contacts
the relay is instantly operated without delay. An example of this kind of relay is a solenoid relay. On the other
hand, there is the time-delay relay which is the opposite of the instantaneous because this kind of relay is a
control relay because there is a time delay built in it and it controls certain devices based on time, for example,
a NO switch will automatically close after 3 secs. Next is the Latching relay which is an electromechanical relay
that when pressed the energy flows to power the electromagnet continuously since it is latched therefore the
device that it is connected to will also continuously function.

To conclude, the difference between those three types of a relay is that the "Instantaneous" and "Latching"
relays have no time delay. Meanwhile, the timed delay relays have a definite time only because they will revert
to their original position once the timed set is already finished. Another difference is their properties and types;
first is instantaneous which is commonly composed of the solenoid; second is the last latching relay which is
an electromechanical relay since it has an electromagnet; lastly, a timed delay relay because it has a timer built
within its device.

10. Differentiate an ON-DELAY time relay from an OFF-DELAY time relay.

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11. What is the role of limit switches in a motor control circuit? Explain your answer.
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Republic of the Philippines
Technological University of the Philippines
Ayala Blvd. cor. San Marcelino St. Ermita, Manila

• MODULE 4

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

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ELECTRICAL WORKSHOP 2

12. Enumerate the motor components being asked on each item:

a. Types of Control Switches (5)

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b. Functions of Motor Control (3)

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Republic of the Philippines
Technological University of the Philippines
Ayala Blvd. cor. San Marcelino St. Ermita, Manila

• MODULE 4

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

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12. Write the meaning of the following acronym:

DODE – Delay on De-energized: This is performed through "On Delay" this have their delay operation when
the circuit is energized and immediately revert to their previous condition when de-energized. DOE - Delay
on energized: This is performed in “Off Delay” the reverse operation of DODE, since this operation has
delay when de-energizing.
NO – Normally Open: It is the normal state of the contacts.
NC – Normally close: It is the normal state of the contacts.
CR - Current Rectifier: explanation is that it is a capacitor that charges and discharges at a specific frequency.
TR – Timing Relay: It is a kind of relay that changes the status of its contacts depending on the set time
period.
EKTS – Electrical Control Techniques Simulator: It is a simulation used for designing motor circuits.

ELECTRICAL WORKSHOP 2
NOTO – Normally Open Timed-open contacts: this is a type of contact that normally open when there is no
power and will energized dpending on the amount of time.
NOTC – Normally Close Timed-Closed contacts: : this is a type of contact that normally open when there is
no power and will close when power is applied, but the timer only occurs when de-energized. OL –
Overload Relay: it cuts of the power on the motor whenre there is overheating or faulties on the circuit.

IV. Conclusion:
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Republic of the Philippines
Technological University of the Philippines
Ayala Blvd. cor. San Marcelino St. Ermita, Manila

• MODULE 4

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

ELECTRICAL WORKSHOP 2

Prepared by: Engr. Edwin C. Espinas, for TUP COE-EE Department

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Republic of the Philippines
Technological University of the Philippines
Ayala Blvd. cor. San Marcelino St. Ermita, Manila

• MODULE 4

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

Prepared by: Engr. Edwin C. Espinas, for TUP COE-EE Department

11
Republic of the Philippines
Technological University of the Philippines
Ayala Blvd. cor. San Marcelino St. Ermita, Manila

• MODULE 4

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

ELECTRICAL WORKSHOP 2

Name: Ethan Zachary A. Manaois Course, Yr. & Sec: BSEE-1B Subject:Electrical Workshop 2
Group No. Time: Days: Rm: Date:
Professor/Instructor: Engr. Edwin Espinas Rating:

Activity No. 2
MOTOR CONTROL SYSTEM SYMBOLS

I. OBJECTIVES:
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COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

At the end of the activity, the students should be able to:

1. Develop skills in identifying the commonly used components or parts and be able to describe
and interpret correctly the standard symbols for each component used in motor control
systems.
2. Develop skills in circuit tracing using the schematic symbols or diagrams.
3. Become familiar with the different components commonly used in motor control systems.
4. Draw the different control symbols.

II. TECHNICAL INFORMATION:

In every trade or profession, there is a certain language, which must be understood in order
to transfer information and ideas rapidly and efficiently. This language may include words and phrases
as well as symbols.
Industrial electrical symbols and line (ladder) diagrams provide the information necessary to
understand the operation of any electrical control system. Industrial electrical symbols identify
electrical devices within a circuit.
The operation of a circuit is determined by the location of electrical devices. The line diagram
indicates the location of electrical devices within a circuit. Circuit arrangement and modifications to
existing circuits is possible using line diagrams. To read and troubleshoot an electrical control system,
the engineer or electrician must have a working knowledge of line diagrams.

III. MATERIALS NEEDED:

Drawing Materials

ELECTRICAL WORKSHOP 2

IV. PROCEDURE:
Draw the appropriate symbol for each electrical control component in the space provided.

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Republic of the Philippines
Technological University of the Philippines
Ayala Blvd. cor. San Marcelino St. Ermita, Manila

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COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

ANSI Symbol & Code IEC 617 Symbol & Code

CONTROL COMPONENT (American National Standard (International Electrotechnical
DESCRIPTION Institute) Commission)

Knife Switch
(Disconnecting Switch)

Push Button Switch

(Normally Open)

Push Button Switch

(Normally Close)

Emergency Stop Push

Button
(Mushroom Head)

Proximity Switch

Flow Switch

Limit Switch

Liquid Level Switch

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Technological University of the Philippines
Ayala Blvd. cor. San Marcelino St. Ermita, Manila

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COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

ELECTRICAL WORKSHOP 2

Temperature Actuated
Switch

Pressure and Vacuum

Switch

ANSI Symbol & Code IEC 617 Symbol & Code

CONTROL COMPONENT (American National Standard (International Electrotechnical
DESCRIPTION Institute) Commission)

Selector Switch
Two & Three Positions

Foot Switch

Toggle Switch

Control Relay Coil

Contactor Coil

Motor Starter Coil

Timer Relay Coil

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Solenoid Coil

ELECTRICAL WORKSHOP 2
Indicating Light

Plug and socket

CONTROL COMPONENT ANSI Symbol & Code IEC 617 Symbol & Code
DESCRIPTION (American National Standard (International Electrotechnical
Institute) Commission)

Electromechanical
Counter

3 ø Circuit Breaker

Fuse

Terminals (reference)
Fused terminals
(reference)

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Bell / Barrel

Buzzer

Horn

Full Wave Rectifier

ELECTRICAL WORKSHOP 2
Battery

Contactor contact open

(NO)

Contactor contact closed

(NC)
CONTROL COMPONENT ANSI Symbol & Code IEC 617 Symbol & Code
DESCRIPTION (American National Standard (International Electrotechnical
Institute) Commission)

Relay contacts open

Relay contacts closed

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Technological University of the Philippines
Ayala Blvd. cor. San Marcelino St. Ermita, Manila

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COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

Time contact (DOE) N.O.

& N.C.

Time contact (DODE) N.O.

& N.C.

Three Phase Motor

Control Transformer

Ground

Overload Relay (Thermal)

ELECTRICAL WORKSHOP 2
Resistor (Fixed &
Rheostat)

Wiring
(Connected,
Not Connected,
Power, Control)

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Republic of the Philippines
Technological University of the Philippines
Ayala Blvd. cor. San Marcelino St. Ermita, Manila

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COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

V. CONCLUSION (Discuss the importance of electrical symbols in motor control systems):

VI. EVALUATION:

1. How are motor control symbols represented?

2. What are the main difference between ANSI and IEC 617 symbols and codes?

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Technological University of the Philippines
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COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

ELECTRICAL WORKSHOP 2

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