PHILIPPINE NORMAL UNIVERSITY

National Center for Teacher Education

Ermita, Manila

Reynold Luke David T. Padua

BVE III-12
2PROFED10 – Building and Enhancing New Literacies Across the Curriculum

WEEK 4 EXPECTED OUTPUT

21st Century Literacies and Traditional Literacies Matrix

Literacy as General Traditional Literacy 21st Century Literacy

What is Literacy? For both gaining access to school and “Traditionally, literacy In the twenty-first century,
actively participating in society, literacy is a refers to the ability of an literacy is about creating
crucial life skill. It will be challenging for individual to read and and approving knowledge.
learners who have difficulty with reading and write.” (Bantjes, 2019) Digital technologies have
writing to access all parts of the curriculum. made it possible to
Adults with poor literacy levels not only have disseminate knowledge of
fewer job options, but also suffer from worse various kinds, replacing
health results. It is essential that we help older media that were
pupils develop strong literacy abilities. typically more tightly
managed, such
encyclopedias and
newspapers.

Development of There are 6 stages in the development of According to the NCTE (National Council of Teachers
Literacies literacies, namely: of English), twenty-first century readers and writers
Stage 0 (Pre reading stage) need to:
 This stage primarily happens
between 6 months – 6 years old. The • Develop technical tool competency
child is a good imitator here as they • Build relationships with people, tackle issues
could retell stories, retention of the together, and work across cultural boundaries to
alphabet letters, memorizing of the find solutions.
words they encounter. Guardians • Create and distribute information for global
during this stage are encouraged to communities to serve a range of needs.
scaffold child’s vocabulary through • Control, evaluate, and combine several
having attempts of conversations and streams of information at once.
introducing them to rhymes, nursery • Produce, assess, and evaluate multimedia
books, and repetitive phrases. texts.
Stage 1 (initial reading, writing and • Take care of the moral obligations posed by
decoding) these complicated contexts.
 This happens between 6-7 years old.
The child could read simple texts,
could identify syllables, stresses, and
differentiate sounds. This stage aims
the child to develop their phonological
awareness and their ability to
manipulate syllables and phonemes.
Guardians are encouraged to hone
this through practicing them in simple
words in print contexts.
Stage 2 (confirmation and fluency)
 This typically happens during 7-8
years of age. The child could read
simple texts and decode them
slightly. They are now able to provide
simple meanings that is a proof of
their comprehension. In here,
guardians are expected to introduce
them to more elevated materials such
 a non-fiction books. Also, defining
unfamiliar words while reading could
benefit the child
Stage 3 (reading to learn the new)
 Typically developed between the
ages of 9 and 13 years old. In here,
the child is aware that reading could
introduce them to wide range of
knowledge, new sets of ideas and
expand their point of views.
Guardians could teach them
strategies on how to improve their
comprehension such as direct
explanation.
Stage 4 (synthesising information and
applying multiple perspective)
 This is developed between 14-17
years old. In here, a person could
process the information in a deeper
sense, providing their own
perspectives and ideas. Learners
here are expected not just to have
retention, but they are also expected
to think based on their viewpoints on
how they perceived what they have
learnt.
Stage 5 (critical literacy in work and
society)
 This stage is the application. A
person here must utilize what they
have learnt in the workforce, society,
or to contribute more in education.
They are now literate enough to see
 innovations and develop anew aside
from what is currently existing.

Principles in Developing literacies must developed these Traditional literacies are In 21st century literacies,
developing two aspects: more concerned with however requires Critical
literacies Comprehension - the ability to know and developing Thinking as it provides
understand what you've read.  comprehension to depth rationalization of
Critical thinking - the ability to determine learners such as specific fields.
whether you should believe it or not. memorizing, familiarizing
and etc.  interpretation
Maybe these two differs in some ways,
however, are both essential for a learner to  Retelling  verification
develop.  Recalling  reasoning
 Recounting  logical thinking
In the article of Brace (2015), there are 12
principles to follow for effective literacy:  Text structure
1. Connecting literacy instruction with  Text features
the linguistic, cultural, home  Understanding
backgrounds of the learner: figurative language
2. Developing emergent literacy skills,
behaviours and attitudes;
3. Phonemic awareness instruction;
4. Decoding instruction;
5. Comprehension instruction;
6. Independent reading;
7. Fluency instruction;
8. Integrating reading and writing
activities to enhance the learning of
both;
9. Encouraging enthusiasm for reading
and writing;
10. Using technology wisely with early
literacy development;
11. Assessing early and providing
 appropriate instructional intervention;
and
12. Developing teachers’ knowledge,
analytical skills and abilities to
orchestrate the many facets of
language, literacy and learning.
Supporting Timeline: Traditional skills are 21st century skills on the
Theories of the defined as integration of other hand expects the
Development of 1. Simple View of Reading (Interpretive listening, speaking, learners to be ICT natives
Literacies Tradition) – This theory simply reading, writing. This who are experts in
assumes the ability of one to includes normative ideas navigating new
comprehend a text. in which enables a technologies such as
2. The Dual Route Theory of Reading person to recognize and computers, web and be a
(Critical Tradition) – hypotheses use language appropriate digitally capable citizen.
about how the cognitive structure of to different social The 21st century skills
the information-processing system situations highly demand learners a
that students employ for reading and wide range of being
spelling is built. fluent reading is information literate as it
achieved by successfully switching adpats to our current fast
between the lexical and sub-lexical phasing world.
routes depending on the orthographic
depth of the word being read.
3. Psycholinguistic Grain Size Theory
(Critical Tradition) - this framework
postulates that orthographic units lie
on the continuum of grain-sized
elements stretching from small to
large grain sizes.
4. Translanguaging Theory
(Interpretive) – This support usage of
bilingual languages as a medium of
communication.
This has following assumptions:
 A. Language is part of their asset in
communication
B. Language is integrated to use by
people
C. Multilingual competence is
emerged from local customs while
multiple languages are associated
for communication
D. multicompetence that functions
symbiotically for the different
languages in one’s repertoire
E. Proficiency of multilingual is more
concerned and viewed as assets
than totally mastery of every
language.
5. Emergent Literacy Theory – This
theory states that before entering a
formal school setting, children may
develop informal literacy-related
behaviors, abilities, concepts,
knowledge, and attitudes. These
informal literacy-related behaviors
and attitudes can help children more
easily learn the fundamentals of
reading and writing.
6. Stage Models of Reading Theory –
This stage explains that if a teacher
knows the level / stage of a learner
at, it is easy for them to create plan
for action.
Skills to use to According to Stauffer (2021), there are 4C’s skills to be developed for 21 st century:
develop new The four C’s of 21st Century skills are:
literacies
 Critical thinking - One aspect of critical thinking
Creativity - Thinking creatively involves doing things that are unique.
Collaboration - Working together to achieve a shared goal is the concept of collaboration.
Communication - The act of promptly and effectively expressing thoughts is called communication.
How can According to the study of Young (2012), the new literacies helped on strengthening the traditional
traditional literacies on some aspects: using the writing 2. targeting a specific audience 3. understanding
literacies help in perspective 4. evaluating arguments. Thus, traditional literacy may have been seen as the foundation
improving 21st- of emergence of literacies, the new literacies may enhance learning through the means media and
century skills? technology which is a major trend in the current phenomenon.

REFERENCES:
 Alber, R. (2013). Deeper Learning: Defining Twenty-First Century Literacy. Edutopia. https://www.edutopia.org/blog/twenty-first-
century-literacy-deeper-learning-rebecca-alber
 Bantjes, L. (2019). What is literacy. Lb Litercy. https://www.lbliteracy.co.za/what-is-literacy/
 Brace, E. (2015). CTELL’s 12 principles of effective literacy instruction. The Literacy Bug.
https://www.theliteracybug.com/journal/2015/19/6/ctells-12-principles-of-effective-literacy-instruction
 Jackson Consulting Inc. Comprehension and Critical Thinking are Two Different Things. https://jackson-consulting.com/comprehension-
critical-thinking/
 OECD. (2021). 21st-Century Readers Developing Literacy Skills in a Digital World. https://www.oecd.org/publications/21st-century-
readers-a83d84cb-en.htm#:~:text=Literacy%20in%20the%2021st%20century,such%20as%20encyclopaedias%20and%20newspapers.
 Slide share. (2010). How much do traditional literacy skills count. https://www.slideshare.net/IASLonline/literacy-skills-challenged
 Stauffer, B. (2021). What Are the 4 C's of 21st Century Skills. Applied Educational System. https://www.aeseducation.com/blog/four-cs-
21st-century-skills
 The Education Hub. (2021). Theories of early literacy development. https://theeducationhub.org.nz/theories-of-early-literacy-
development/
 The Literacy Bug. Stages of literacy development. https://www.theliteracybug.com/stages-of-literacy
 Theories of Literacy & Theories of Literacy Development at https://sitwe.wordpress.com/2015/12/14/306/#:~:text=The%20emerge
 Young, J.S. (2012). Linking learning: Connecting traditional and media literacies in 21st century learning. The National Association
for Media Literacy Education’s Journal of Media Literacy Education 4(1). https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ985680.pdf.