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    Lesson 3 - Matrices Part 1

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    ace orellano
    1) A matrix is an array of numbers or functions arranged in rows and columns. Each entry in a matrix is called an element. 2) The size of a matrix is given by the number of rows and columns, written as m x n. 3) The transpose of a matrix is obtained by interchanging the rows and columns of the original matrix. 4) Basic matrix operations include addition, subtraction, multiplication by a scalar, and multiplication of conformable matrices. The determinant is a scalar value computed from square matrices.

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    Lesson 3 - Matrices Part 1

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    ace orellano
    29 views11 pages
    1) A matrix is an array of numbers or functions arranged in rows and columns. Each entry in a matrix is called an element. 2) The size of a matrix is given by the number of rows and columns, written as m x n. 3) The transpose of a matrix is obtained by interchanging the rows and columns of the original matrix. 4) Basic matrix operations include addition, subtraction, multiplication by a scalar, and multiplication of conformable matrices. The determinant is a scalar value computed from square matrices.

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    1) A matrix is an array of numbers or functions arranged in rows and columns. Each entry in a matrix is called an element. 2) The size of a matrix is given by the number of rows and columns, written as m x n. 3) The transpose of a matrix is obtained by interchanging the rows and columns of the original matrix. 4) Basic matrix operations include addition, subtraction, multiplication by a scalar, and multiplication of conformable matrices. The determinant is a scalar value computed from square matrices.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    29 views11 pages

    Lesson 3 - Matrices Part 1

    Uploaded by

    ace orellano
    1) A matrix is an array of numbers or functions arranged in rows and columns. Each entry in a matrix is called an element. 2) The size of a matrix is given by the number of rows and columns, written as m x n. 3) The transpose of a matrix is obtained by interchanging the rows and columns of the original matrix. 4) Basic matrix operations include addition, subtraction, multiplication by a scalar, and multiplication of conformable matrices. The determinant is a scalar value computed from square matrices.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    of 11

    MATRICES

    PART 1
    Engr. Irish May G. Saludar ☺
    Matrix
    • An array of numbers or functions arrange in m rows by n columns.
    • Each entry in a matrix is called matrix elements.
    𝑎11 𝑎12 𝑎13
    𝐴= 𝑎
    21 𝑎22 𝑎23
    • 𝑎11 , 𝑎12 , 𝑎13 , 𝑎21 , 𝑎22 , and 𝑎23 are the elements of matrix A.

    • Dimension/Size of a Matrix
    • Given by ‘m’ rows by ‘n’ column (m x n)

    • Transpose of a Matrix (AT)


    • Resulting matrix after interchanging the rows and columns of a given matrix.
    Example
    1 −2 2
    𝐴=
    0 5 7
    • 1, −2, 2, 0, 5, and 7 are the elements of Matrix A.
    • Dimension/Size of Matrix A is 2 × 3 m = 2rows by n = 3 columns

    • Transpose of a Matrix A
    1 0
    𝐴T = −2 5
    2 7
    Addition and Subtraction of Matrices
    • Matrices can only be added or subtracted if they have the same size.
    • Simply add/subtract element by element of the matrices.
    EXAMPLE:
    Solve for A + B if
    2 0 −2 4
    A= and B =
    −1 3 7 10

    2 0 −2 4 2 + (−2) 0+4
    A+B= + =
    −1 3 7 10 −1 + 7 3 + 10
    0 4
    A+B=
    6 13
    Multiplication of a Matrix with a Scalar
    • When a matrix is multiplied with a scalar, each element of the matrix is
    multiplied with the scalar
    EXAMPLE:
    Solve for 2A if
    2 0
    A=
    −1 3

    2×2 2×0
    2A =
    2 × −1 2 × 3
    4 0
    2A =
    −2 6
    Multiplication of Matrices
    • Two matrices A(m x n) and B(p x q) can be multiplied if and only if n = p. The resulting
    matrix will have a size of m x q. Note: Please observe the required size and resulting matrix
    EXAMPLE:
    Solve for A × B if
    2 0 1 −2 4
    A= and B =
    −1 3 5 7 −4

    Since A is a 2 × 2 matrix and B is a 2 × 3, (n=p=2) the resulting matrix is a m × q or


    2 × 3 matrix. Please observe where does this n=p=2 and m × q or 2 × 3 came from.
    𝑎11 𝑎12 𝑎13
    Suppose A × B = 𝑎 𝑎22 𝑎23 , since the resulting matrix is 2 × 3
    21
    OBSERVE THE SUBSCRIPTS OF THE ELEMENTS

    𝑎11 = the sum of the products of the elements of row 1 of matrix A and column 1 of matrix B
    𝑎12 = the sum of the products of the elements of row 1 of matrix A and column 2 of matrix B
    𝑎21 = the sum of the products of the elements of row 2 of matrix A and column 1 of matrix B
    𝑎23 = the sum of the products of the elements of row 2 of matrix A and column 3 of matrix B

    2 0 1 −2 4
    A×B= × how 𝑎11 is solved how 𝑎23 is solved
    −1 3 5 7 −4

    2∙1 + 0∙5 2 ∙ −2 + 0 ∙ 7 2 ∙ 4 + 0 ∙ −4
    A×B=
    −1 ∙ 1 + 3 ∙ 5 −1 ∙ −2 + 3 ∙ 7 −1 ∙ 4 + 3 ∙ −4
    2 −4 8
    A×B=
    14 23 −16
    Try to solve!
    Calculate XZ T − Y if
    0 −5
    3 2 1 −2 2
    X= Y= Z= 3 4
    −4 5 0 5 7
    −1 8

    Answer:
    −11 19 11
    XZ T − Y =
    −25 3 37
    Determinant of a Matrix
    A scalar quantity resulting from operation of square matrix.
    • For a 2 × 2 matrix
    𝑎11 𝑎12
    D= 𝑎 𝑎22 = 𝑎11 𝑎22 − 𝑎21 𝑎12
    21
    to be easily understood:
    𝑎11 𝑎12
    D= 𝑎 𝑎22 = product of − product of
    21
    EXAMPLE:
    1 2
    Find the determinant of
    −2 3
    D = 1 ∙ 3 − −2 ∙ 2 = 7
    Determinant of a Matrix
    A scalar quantity resulting from operation of square matrix.
    • For a 3 × 3 matrix
    𝑎11 𝑎12 𝑎13
    D = 𝑎21 𝑎22 𝑎23
    𝑎31 𝑎32 𝑎33
    = 𝑎11 𝑎22 𝑎33 + 𝑎12 𝑎23 𝑎31 + 𝑎13 𝑎21 𝑎32 − 𝑎31 𝑎22 𝑎13 + 𝑎32 𝑎23 𝑎11 + 𝑎33 𝑎21 𝑎12

    to be easily understood: copy the first two columns, then use basket method.

    𝑎11 𝑎12 𝑎13 𝑎11 𝑎12 𝑎11 𝑎12 𝑎13 𝑎11 𝑎12 𝑎13
    D = 𝑎21 𝑎22 𝑎23 𝑎21 𝑎22 = 𝑎21 𝑎22 𝑎23 𝑎21 𝑎22 𝑎23
    𝑎31 𝑎32 𝑎33 𝑎31 𝑎32 𝑎31 𝑎32 𝑎33 𝑎31 𝑎32 𝑎33
    Example
    4 2 0
    Find the determinant of −1 1 3
    8 −5 2

    4 2 0 4 2
    D = −1 1 3 −1 1
    8 −5 2 8 −5

    D = 4 ∙ 1 ∙ 2 + 2 ∙ 3 ∙ 8 + 0 ∙ −1 ∙ −5 − ( 8 ∙ 1 ∙ 0 + −5 ∙ 3 ∙ 4 + 2 ∙ −1 ∙ 2 )
    D = 120

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