5th sem , CN Lab Manual 15CSL57

R N S INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
UTTARAHALLI ROAD, CHANNASANDRA, BANGALORE -560 098

Department of Information Science &

Engineering

Computer Networks Laboratory

Manual
V-Sem ISE
15CSL48

Faculty-in-charge
Dr. Prakasha S and Mrs. Sudha V

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5th sem , CN Lab Manual 15CSL57

R N S INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
UTTARAHALLI ROAD, CHANNASANDRA, BANGALORE -560 098

Department of Information Science and Engineering

VISION of the College

MISSION of the College

VISION of the Department

Fostering winning professionals of strong informative potentials.
MISSION of the Department
Imparting high quality education in the area of Information Science so as to graduate the students with
good fundamentals, "Information System Integration", "Software Creation" capability & suitably train
them to thrive in Industries, higher schools of learning and R & D centers with a comprehensive
perspective.

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5th sem , CN Lab Manual 15CSL57

PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PSOs) of the Department

• PEO1: Learn fundamentals of computers, applied knowledge of Information Science and
continue to develop their technical competencies by problem solving using programming.
• PEO2: Ability to formulate problems, acquire the capability to develop system/application
software in a scalable and robust manner, creation of back-end and front-end components for the
distributed environment with various platforms, tools, and frameworks to provide cost effective
solutions.
• PEO3: To build a capacity to investigate the necessities of the software Product, adapt to
technological advancement, promote collaboration and interdisciplinary activities, Protecting
Environment and developing Comprehensive leadership.
• PEO4: Enable students to be employed in IT industries and provide innovative solutions to real-
world problems across different domains.
• PEO5: To prepare graduates with communication abilities, able to work in teams, professional
ethics, socially responsible, entrepreneur and management, to achieve higher career goals, and
pursue higher studies.

PROGRAM OUTCOMES (POs) of the Department

Engineering Graduates will be able to:

1. Engineering knowledge: Apply the knowledge of mathematics, science, engineering
fundamentals, and an engineering specialization to the solution of complex engineering
problems.
2. Problem analysis: Identify, formulate, review research literature, and analyze complex
engineering problems reaching substantiated conclusions using first principles of
mathematics, natural sciences, and engineering sciences.
3. Design/development of solutions: Design solutions for complex engineering problems a n d
design system components or processes that meet the specified needs with appropriate
consideration for the public health and safety, and the cultural, societal, and environmental
considerations.
4. Conduct investigations of complex problems: Use research-based knowledge and
research methods including design of experiments, analysis and interpretation of data, and
synthesis of the information to provide valid conclusions.
5. Modern tool usage: Create, select, and apply appropriate techniques, resources, and
modern engineering and IT tools including prediction and modeling to complex engineering

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5th sem , CN Lab Manual 15CSL57

activities with an understanding of the limitations.

6. The engineer and society: Apply reasoning informed by the contextual knowledge to
assess societal, health, safety, legal and cultural issues and the consequent responsibilities
relevant to the professional engineering practice.
7. Environment and sustainability: Understand the impact of the professional engineering
solutions in societal and environmental contexts, and demonstrate the knowledge of, and need
for sustainable development.
8. Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and responsibilities and
norms of the engineering practice.
9. Individual and team work: Function effectively as an individual, and as a member or
leader in diverse teams, and in multidisciplinary settings.
10. Communication: Communicate effectively on complex engineering activities with the
engineering community and with society at large, such as, being able to comprehend and
write effective reports and design documentation, make effective presentations, and give and
receive clear instructions.
11. Project management and finance: Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of t h e
engineering and management principles and apply these to one’s own work, as a
member and leader in a team, to manage projects and in multidisciplinary environments.
12. Life-long learning: Recognize the need for, and have the preparation and ability to
engage in independent and life-long learning in the broadest context of technological change.

PROGRAM SPECIFIC OUTCOMES (PSOs)

• PSO1 – Problem Solving Abilities: Ability to demonstrate the fundamental and theoretical
concepts, analyze the real-time problems and develop customized software solutions by applying
the knowledge of mathematics and algorithmic techniques.
• PSO2 – Applied Engineering Skills: Enable creative thinking, Ability to apply standard
practices and strategies, technical skills in software design, development, integration of systems
and management for improving the security, reliability and survivability of the infrastructure.
• PSO3 – General Expertise and Higher Learning – Ability to exchange knowledge effectively,
demonstrate the ability of team work, documentation skills, professional ethics, entrepreneurial
skills and continuing higher education in the field of Information technology.

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5th sem , CN Lab Manual 15CSL57

R N S INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
UTTARAHALLI ROAD, CHANNASANDRA, BANGALORE -560 098

Department of Information Science and Engineering

Computer Networks Laboratory
Subject Code: 18CSL57 I.A. Marks : 20
Hours/Week: 03 Exam Hours: 03
Total Hours: 42 Exam Marks: 80

Course objectives
This course will enable students to

 Demonstrate operation of network and its management commands

 Simulate and demonstrate the performance of GSM and CDMA
 Implement data link layer and transport layer protocols
Course Outcomes
After studying this course, students will be able to:

CO1 Develop programs to demonstrate the communication for wired networks using NS-3
Simulator
CO2 Develop programs to demonstrate the communication for wireless networks using NS-3
Simulator.
CO3 Develop programs to related to Data integrity and Security.

CO4 Create programs to transfer data using TCP and UDP transport layer protocols.
CO5 Develop programs to find the shortest path using routing algorithms.
CO6 Develop programs to avoid congestion in the network.

CO mapping to PO/PSOs
CO /
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2 PSO3
PO & PSO

15CSL48.1 2 3 3             2       2 1
15CSL48.2   3 3 2           2       2 1
15CSL48.3   3 3 2           2       2  
15CSL48.4   3 3 2           2       2  
15CSL48.5   3 3 2           2       2  
15CSL48.6   3 3 2           2       2  

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5th sem , CN Lab Manual 15CSL57

Computer Networks Laboratory

Subject Code: 18CSL57 I.A. Marks : 20

Hours/Week: 03 Exam Hours: 03
Total Hours: 42 Exam Marks: 80
List of Programs
Sl.
Name of Experiment
No CO
PART A
1 Implement three nodes point-to-point network with duplex links between them.
Set the queue size, vary the bandwidth and find the number of packets dropped. CO1

2 Implement transmission of ping messages/trace route over a

network topology consisting of 6 nodes and find the number CO1
of packets dropped due to congestion.
3 Implement an Ethernet LAN using n nodes and set multiple
traffic nodes and plot congestion window for different CO1
source/destination.
4 Implement simple ESS and with transmitting nodes in wire-
less LAN by simulation and determine the performance with CO2
respect to transmission of packets.
5 Implement and study the performance of GSM on NS2/NS3
(using MAC layer) or equivalent environment. CO2

6 Implement and study the performance of CDMA on NS2/NS3

(using Stack called Call net) or equivalent environment. CO2

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5th sem , CN Lab Manual 15CSL57

Sl.
Name of Experiment C
No
O
PART B
Write a program for error detecting code using CRC-CCITT(16 bits)
7 CO3

Write a program to find the shortest path between vertices using bellman- ford algorithm.
8 CO5

Using TCP/IP sockets, write a client-server program to make the client send the
9 File name and to make the server send back the contents of the requested file if present. CO4

Write a program on datagram socket for client/server to display the messages on Client
10 side, typed at the server side.
CO4

11 Write a program for simple RSA algorithm to encrypt and decrypt the data. CO3

Write a program for congestion control using leaky bucket algorithm.

12 CO6

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5th sem , CN Lab Manual 15CSL57

Computer Networks Laboratory

Evaluation Rubrics

Subject Code: 18CSL57 I.A. Marks : 20

Hours/Week: 03 Exam Hours: 03
Total Hours: 42 Exam Marks: 80

Lab Write-up and EXECUTION rubrics (Max: 12 marks)

Above Average Average Below Average

Understanding Able to analyze the given Able to analyze the

of problem and problem and efficiently problem and moderate No program
a. approach to implement using suitable understanding of write-up.
solve. assembly language assembly language (0 -1)
(4 Marks) instructions.(4) instruction. (2-3)
Execution and Program is executed for
Program is executed for No Execution.
b. Testing varied inputs with valid
some inputs. (2-3) (0-1)
(4 Marks) results.(4)
No Proper
Results and Program and results Program and results
results and poor
c. Documentation obtained is well obtained is acceptably
documentation.
(4 Marks) documented(4) documented(2-3)
(0-1)

LAB Internal Assesment rubrics (Max: 8 marks)

Above Average Average Below Average
Write-up Able to write the Able to write the code Unable to write .
a.
(2 Marks) complete code (2) with few errors. (1) (0)
Executed successfully
Execution Obtained Partially No Execution.
b. for all the input set
(4 Marks) correct results.(2-3) (0)
given(4)
Able to answer all the Able to answer few Not answered
c. Viva (2 Marks)
questions correctly(2) questions (1) any.(0)

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5th sem , CN Lab Manual 15CSL57

Computer Networks Laboratory

Subject Code: 18CSL57 I.A. Marks : 20

Hours/Week: 03 Exam Hours: 03
Total Hours: 42 Exam Marks: 80
Lesson Planning / Schedule of Experiments
Sl. To be
Name of Experiment
No completed

1 Week1

2 Week2

3 Week3

4. Develop an assembly language program to compute nCr using recursive

procedure. Assume that ‘n’ and ‘r’ are non-negative integers. Week4
4
5. Design and develop an assembly language program to read the current time and
Date from the system and display it in the standard format on the screen.
8a. Design and develop an assembly program to demonstrate BCD Up-Down
Counter (00-99) on the Logic Controller Interface. Week5
5
8b. Design and develop an assembly program to read the status of two 8-bit inputs
(X & Y) from the Logic Controller Interface and display X*Y.
9. Design and develop an assembly program to display messages “FIRE” and
“HELP” alternately with flickering effects on a 7-segment display interface for a
6 suitable period of time. Ensure a flashing rate that makes it easy to read both the Week6
messages (Examiner does not specify these delay values nor is it necessary for
the student to compute these values).

7 Lab Test I Week7

10. Design and develop an assembly program to drive a Stepper Motor interface
and rotate the motor in specified direction (clockwise or counter-clockwise) by
8 N steps (Direction and N are specified by the examiner). Introduce suitable delay Week8
between successive steps. (Any arbitrary value for the delay may be assumed by
the student).
11a. Design and develop an assembly language program to generate the Sine Wave
using DAC interface (The output of the DAC is to be displayed on the CRO). Week9
9
11b. Generate a Half Rectified Sine waveform using the DAC interface. (The
output of the DAC is to be displayed on the CRO).
6. To write and simulate ARM assembly language programs for data transfer,
arithmetic and logical operations (Demonstrate with the help of a suitable Week10
10
program).
7.To write and simulate C Programs for ARM microprocessor using KEIL

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5th sem , CN Lab Manual 15CSL57

(Demonstrate with the help of a suitable program)

12. To interface LCD with ARM processor-- ARM7TDMI/LPC2148. Write and
11 execute programs in C language for displaying text messages and numbers on Week11
LCD

13.To interface Stepper motor with ARM processor-- RM7TDMI/LPC2148. Write Week12
12
a program to rotate stepper motor

13 Repetition of lab experiments/ extra programs. Week13

14 Lab Test II Week14

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5th sem , CN Lab Manual 15CSL57

Microprocessor and Microcontroller Laboratory

Subject Code: 15CSL48 I.A. Marks : 20

Hours/Week: 03 Exam Hours: 03
Total Hours: 42 Exam Marks: 80

Procedure for Program Execution

Execution Commands
C :/> cd foldername
C:/foldername>edit filename.asm
After this command executed in command prompt an editor window will open. Program should be
typed in this window and saved.
To run the program, the following steps have to be followed:
C:/foldername>tasm filename.asm
After this command is executed in command prompt if there are no errors in program regarding to
syntax the assembler will generates an object file.
C:/foldername>tlink filename.obj
After verifying the program for correct syntax, the generated object files should be linked together.
It will give an EXE file.
To execute EXE file, if the input is from keyboard, command (A) is used.
After generating EXE file by the assembler, if the inputs are in the data segment, the program
execution can be viewed in single stepping using the debugger mode with the command (B).
(A) C:/foldername> filename.exe
(B) C:/foldername>td filename.exe

Note:
 Here onwards lab experiments and solutions continues.
 Marks distribution in Rubrix table change as per ur lab subject.
15 scheme as given above.
10 scheme is 10 for daily assess+5 for record+10 for test
17 scheme 8 for observation +8 for record +8 for viva+16 for test (3+3+10)

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5th sem , CN Lab Manual 15CSL57

 After each experiment show the following:

CO PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2 PSO3

CO1                         

PART -A
1. Implement three nodes point – to – point network with duplex links between them. Set the queue
size, vary the bandwidth and find the number of packets dropped.

Network topology

10.1.1.0 10.1.2.0
n0 -------------- n1.......... n2
point-to-point

In this program we have created 3 point to point nodes n0, n1, n2. Node n0 has IP
address 10.1.1.1 and n3 has 10.1.2.2. Node n1 has 2 interfaces(10.1.1.2 and 10.1.2.1).
OnOffHelper application is used to generate the traffic at source node n0. Packets move
from n0 to n2 via n1. Acknowledgment is sent from n2 to n0 via n1. Details of the
flow(Number of packets sent, received and dropped) can be verified by using
tracemetrics(lab1.tr file).

Program
#include "ns3/core-module.h"
#include "ns3/network-module.h"
#include "ns3/internet-module.h"
#include "ns3/point-to-point-module.h"
#include "ns3/applications-module.h"
#include "ns3/traffic-control-module.h"

using namespace ns3;

NS_LOG_COMPONENT_DEFINE ("Lab-Program-1");

int main (int argc, char *argv[])

{
std::string socketType= "ns3::TcpSocketFactory";;

CommandLine cmd;
cmd.Parse (argc, argv);

NodeContainer nodes;
nodes.Create (3); //3 point-to-point nodes are created

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5th sem , CN Lab Manual 15CSL57

InternetStackHelper stack;
stack.Install (nodes); //TCP-IP layer functionality configured on all nodes

//Bandwidth and delay set for the point-to-point channel. Vary these parameters to //see the variation in
number of packets sent/received/dropped.
PointToPointHelper p2p1;
p2p1.SetDeviceAttribute ("DataRate", StringValue ("5Mbps"));
p2p1.SetChannelAttribute ("Delay", StringValue ("1ms"));

//Set the base address for the first network(nodes n0 and n1)
Ipv4AddressHelper address;
address.SetBase ("10.1.1.0", "255.255.255.0");

NetDeviceContainer devices;

devices = p2p1.Install (nodes.Get (0), nodes.Get (1));Ipv4InterfaceContainer

interfaces = address.Assign (devices);

//Set the base address for the second network(nodes n1 and n2)
devices = p2p1.Install (nodes.Get (1), nodes.Get (2));
address.SetBase ("10.1.2.0", "255.255.255.0"); interfaces =
address.Assign (devices);

//RateErrorModel allows us to introduce errors into a Channel at a given rate. //Vary the error rate
value to see the variation in number of packets dropped
Ptr<RateErrorModel>em = CreateObject<RateErrorModel> (); em-
>SetAttribute ("ErrorRate", DoubleValue (0.00002));
devices.Get (1)->SetAttribute ("ReceiveErrorModel", PointerValue (em));

//create routing table at all nodes

Ipv4GlobalRoutingHelper::PopulateRoutingTables ();

uint32_t payloadSize = 1448;

OnOffHelper onoff (socketType, Ipv4Address::GetAny ());

//Generate traffic by using OnOff application

onoff.SetAttribute ("OnTime", StringValue
("ns3::ConstantRandomVariable[Constant=1]"));
onoff.SetAttribute ("OffTime", StringValue
("ns3::ConstantRandomVariable[Constant=0]"));
onoff.SetAttribute ("PacketSize", UintegerValue (payloadSize));
onoff.SetAttribute ("DataRate", StringValue ("50Mbps")); //bit/s

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5th sem , CN Lab Manual 15CSL57

uint16_t port = 7;
//Install receiver (for packetsink) on node 2
Address localAddress1 (InetSocketAddress (Ipv4Address::GetAny (), port));
PacketSinkHelper packetSinkHelper1 (socketType, localAddress1);
ApplicationContainer sinkApp1 = packetSinkHelper1.Install (nodes.Get (2));
sinkApp1.Start (Seconds (0.0));
sinkApp1.Stop (Seconds (10));

//Install sender app on node 0

ApplicationContainer apps;
AddressValue remoteAddress (InetSocketAddress (interfaces.GetAddress (1), port)); onoff.SetAttribute
("Remote", remoteAddress);
apps.Add (onoff.Install (nodes.Get (0)));
apps.Start (Seconds (1.0)); apps.Stop (Seconds
(10));

Simulator::Stop (Seconds (10));

AsciiTraceHelper ascii;
p2p1.EnableAsciiAll (ascii.CreateFileStream ("lab1.tr"));

//Run the simulator

Simulator::Run ();
Simulator::Destroy ();
return 0;
}

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5th sem , CN Lab Manual 15CSL57

./waf - - run scratch/Program1 - -vis

Output

Packet sent from n0 to n1 and then to n2 Acknowledgment sent from n2

Flow details on trace file lab1.tr

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5th sem , CN Lab Manual 15CSL57

2. Implement transmission of ping messages/trace route over a network topology consisting of 6

nodes and find the number of packets dropped due to congestion.

Network topology

n0 n1 n2 n3 n4 n5
| | | | | |
===========================
CSMA channel with base IP 10.1.1.0

In this program we have created 6 CSMA nodes n0, n1, n2, n3, n4 and n5 with IP
addresses 10.1.1.1, 10.1.1.2, 10.1.1.3, 10.1.1.4, 10.1.1.5 and 10.1.1.6 respectively.
Nodes n0 and n1 ping node n2, we can visualize the ping messages transferred between
the nodes. Data transfer is also simulated between the nodes n0 and n2 using
UdpSocketFactory to generate traffic.

Program
#include <iostream>
#include "ns3/core-module.h"
#include "ns3/network-module.h"
#include "ns3/csma-module.h"
#include "ns3/applications-module.h"
#include "ns3/internet-apps-module.h"
#include "ns3/internet-module.h"

using namespace ns3;

NS_LOG_COMPONENT_DEFINE ("Lab-Program-2");

static void PingRtt (std::string context, Time rtt)

{
std::cout << context <<""<< rtt << std::endl;
}

int main (int argc, char *argv[])

{
CommandLine cmd;
cmd.Parse (argc, argv);

/ Here, we will explicitly create six nodes.

NS_LOG_INFO ("Create nodes.");
NodeContainer c;
c.Create (6);

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5th sem , CN Lab Manual 15CSL57

/ connect all our nodes to a shared channel.

NS_LOG_INFO ("Build Topology.");
CsmaHelper csma;

csma.SetChannelAttribute ("DataRate", DataRateValue (DataRate (10000)));

csma.SetChannelAttribute ("Delay", TimeValue (MilliSeconds
(0.2)));NetDeviceContainer devs = csma.Install (c);

/ add an ip stack to all nodes.

NS_LOG_INFO ("Add ip stack.");
InternetStackHelper ipStack;

ipStack.Install (c);

// assign ip addresses
NS_LOG_INFO ("Assign ip addresses.");
Ipv4AddressHelper ip;
ip.SetBase ("192.168.1.0", "255.255.255.0");Ipv4InterfaceContainer
addresses = ip.Assign (devs);

NS_LOG_INFO ("Create Sink.");

/ Create an OnOff application to send UDP datagrams from node zero to node 1.
NS_LOG_INFO ("Create Applications.");
uint16_t port = 9; // Discard port (RFC 863)

OnOffHelper onoff ("ns3::UdpSocketFactory",

Address (InetSocketAddress (addresses.GetAddress (2), port)));
onoff.SetConstantRate (DataRate ("500Mb/s"));

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5th sem , CN Lab Manual 15CSL57

ApplicationContainer app = onoff.Install (c.Get (0));

/ Start the application
app.Start (Seconds (6.0));
app.Stop (Seconds (10.0));

/ Create an optional packet sink to receive these packets

PacketSinkHelper sink ("ns3::UdpSocketFactory",

Address (InetSocketAddress (Ipv4Address::GetAny (), port))); app =

sink.Install (c.Get (2));
app.Start (Seconds (0.0));

NS_LOG_INFO ("Create pinger");

V4PingHelper ping = V4PingHelper (addresses.GetAddress (2));
NodeContainer pingers;
pingers.Add (c.Get (0));
pingers.Add (c.Get (1));

ApplicationContainer apps;
apps = ping.Install (pingers);
apps.Start (Seconds (1.0));
apps.Stop (Seconds (5.0));

// finally, print the ping rtts.

Config::Connect ("/NodeList/*/ApplicationList/*/$ns3::V4Ping/Rtt", MakeCallback
(&PingRtt));

NS_LOG_INFO ("Run Simulation.");

AsciiTraceHelper ascii;
csma.EnableAsciiAll (ascii.CreateFileStream ("ping1.tr"));

Simulator::Run ();
Simulator::Destroy ();
NS_LOG_INFO ("Done.");
}

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5th sem , CN Lab Manual 15CSL57

./waf - - run scratch/Program2 - -vis

Node n1 sends ping message to n2(Broadcast message is generated) and only n2 responds to n1

Node n0 sends ping message to n2(Broadcast message is generated) and only n2 responds to n0

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5th sem , CN Lab Manual 15CSL57

Data transfer simulated between nodes n0 and n2 Trace file(ping1.tr) generated

3. Implement an Ethernet LAN using n nodes and set multiple traffic nodes and plot
congestion window for different source / destination.

Network topology

n0 n1 n2 n3
| | | |
===================== CSMA channel with base IP 10.1.1.0
Source node – n0 sink node - n1

In this program we have created 4 CSMA nodes n0, n1, n2 and n3 with IP addresses 10.1.1.1,
10.1.1.2, 10.1.1.3 and 10.1.1.4 respectively. Data transmission is simulated between nodes n0
and n1. Once the cwnd values are generated, they are exported to .dat file and congestion
graph is plot using gnuplot.

Program
#include "ns3/core-module.h"
#include "ns3/network-module.h"
#include "ns3/internet-module.h"
#include "ns3/point-to-point-module.h"
#include "ns3/applications-module.h"
#include <iostream>
#include "ns3/csma-module.h"

using namespace ns3;

NS_LOG_COMPONENT_DEFINE ("3rd Lab Program");

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5th sem , CN Lab Manual 15CSL57

//MyApp class inherits the ns-3 Application class defined in

//src/network/model/application.h.
//The MyApp class is obligated to override the StartApplication and //StopApplication methods. These
methods are automatically called when MyApp is //required to start and stop sending data during the
simulation.

class MyApp : public Application

{
public:

MyApp ();
virtual ~MyApp();

void Setup (Ptr<Socket> socket, Address address, uint32_t packetSize, uint32_t nPackets, DataRate
dataRate);

private:
virtual void StartApplication (void);
virtual void StopApplication (void);

void ScheduleTx (void);

void SendPacket (void);

Ptr<Socket> m_socket;
Address m_peer;
uint32_t m_packetSize;
uint32_t m_nPackets;
DataRate m_dataRate;
EventId m_sendEvent;
bool m_running;
uint32_t m_packetsSent;
};
MyApp::MyApp () // constructor
: m_socket (0),
m_peer (),
m_packetSize
(0),
m_nPackets
(0),
m_dataRate
(0),
m_sendEvent
(), m_running
(false),

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5th sem , CN Lab Manual 15CSL57

m_packetsSen
t (0)
{
}
MyApp::~MyApp() // destructor
{
m_socket = 0;
}

// initialize member variables.

void MyApp::Setup (Ptr<Socket> socket, Address address, uint32_t packetSize,
uint32_t nPackets, DataRate dataRate)
{
m_socket = socket;
m_peer = address;
m_packetSize = packetSize;
m_nPackets = nPackets;
m_dataRate = dataRate;
}

/ Below code is the overridden implementation of Application::StartApplication. It //does a socket

bind operation and establishes TCP connection with the address //specified in m_peer.

void MyApp::StartApplication (void)

{
m_running = true;
m_packetsSent = 0;
m_socket->Bind ();
m_socket->Connect (m_peer);
SendPacket ();
}

//The next bit of code explains to the Application how to stop creating simulation //events.

void MyApp::StopApplication (void)

{
m_running = false;
if (m_sendEvent.IsRunning ())
{
Simulator::Cancel (m_sendEvent);
}
if (m_socket)
{
m_socket->Close ();
}
}

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5th sem , CN Lab Manual 15CSL57

//StartApplication calls SendPacket to start the chain of events that describes the //Application behavior.
void MyApp::SendPacket (void)
{
Ptr<Packet> packet = Create<Packet> (m_packetSize);
m_socket->Send (packet);

if (++m_packetsSent < m_nPackets)

{
ScheduleTx ();
}
}
//It is the responsibility of the Application to keep scheduling the chain of //events, so the next
lines call ScheduleTx to schedule another transmit event //(a SendPacket) until the Application
decides it has sent enough.

void MyApp::ScheduleTx (void)

{
if (m_running)
{
Time tNext (Seconds (m_packetSize * 8 / static_cast<double> (m_dataRate.GetBitRate ())));
m_sendEvent = Simulator::Schedule (tNext, &MyApp::SendPacket, this);
}
}

//Below function logs the current simulation time and the new value of the congestion
window every time it is changed.

static void CwndChange (uint32_t oldCwnd, uint32_t newCwnd)

{
NS_LOG_UNCOND (Simulator::Now ().GetSeconds () <<"\t"<< newCwnd);
}
//trace sink to show where packets are dropped

static void RxDrop (Ptr<const Packet> p)

{
NS_LOG_UNCOND ("RxDrop at "<< Simulator::Now ().GetSeconds ());
}
//main function

int main (int argc, char *argv[])

{
CommandLine cmd;
cmd.Parse (argc, argv);

NS_LOG_INFO ("Create nodes.");

NodeContainer nodes;
nodes.Create (4);//4 csma nodes are created

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5th sem , CN Lab Manual 15CSL57

CsmaHelper csma;
csma.SetChannelAttribute ("DataRate", StringValue ("5Mbps"));
csma.SetChannelAttribute ("Delay", TimeValue (MilliSeconds (0.0001)));

NetDeviceContainer devices;
devices = csma.Install (nodes);

//RateErrorModel allows us to introduce errors into a Channel at a given rate.

Ptr<RateErrorModel>em = CreateObject<RateErrorModel> (); em-

>SetAttribute ("ErrorRate", DoubleValue (0.00001));
devices.Get (1)->SetAttribute ("ReceiveErrorModel", PointerValue (em));

InternetStackHelper stack;
stack.Install (nodes);

Ipv4AddressHelper address;
address.SetBase ("10.1.1.0", "255.255.255.0");Ipv4InterfaceContainer
interfaces = address.Assign (devices);

uint16_t sinkPort = 8080;

//PacketSink Application is used on the destination node to receive TCP connections //and data.

Address sinkAddress (InetSocketAddress (interfaces.GetAddress (1), sinkPort));

PacketSinkHelper packetSinkHelper ("ns3::TcpSocketFactory", InetSocketAddress
(Ipv4Address::GetAny (), sinkPort));

ApplicationContainer sinkApps = packetSinkHelper.Install (nodes.Get (1));

sinkApps.Start (Seconds (0.));

sinkApps.Stop (Seconds (20.));

//next two lines of code will create the socket and connect the trace source.

Ptr<Socket> ns3TcpSocket = Socket::CreateSocket (nodes.Get (0),

TcpSocketFactory::GetTypeId ());
ns3TcpSocket->TraceConnectWithoutContext ("CongestionWindow", MakeCallback
(&CwndChange));

//creates an Object of type MyApp

Ptr<MyApp> app = CreateObject<MyApp> ();

//tell the Application what Socket to use, what address to connect to, how much //data to send at each
send event, how many send events to generate and the rate at //which to produce data from those events.

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5th sem , CN Lab Manual 15CSL57

app->Setup (ns3TcpSocket, sinkAddress, 1040, 1000, DataRate ("50Mbps")); nodes.Get

(0)->AddApplication (app); app->SetStartTime (Seconds (1.));
app->SetStopTime (Seconds (20.));

devices.Get (1)->TraceConnectWithoutContext ("PhyRxDrop", MakeCallback (&RxDrop));

Simulator::Stop (Seconds (20));

Simulator::Run ();
Simulator::Destroy ();

return 0;
}

./waf - - run scratch/Program3 - -vis

Output

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5th sem , CN Lab Manual 15CSL57

Redirect the output to a file called cwnd.dat

./waf --run scratch/Program3 > cwnd.dat 2>&1
Now run gnuplot
gnuplot> set terminal png size 640,480
gnuplot> set output "cwnd.png"
gnuplot> plot "cwnd.dat" using 1:2 title 'Congestion Window' with linespoints gnuplot> exit
w
n
d
V
a
l
u
e
s

i
n

b
i
ts

Time in seconds

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5th sem , CN Lab Manual 15CSL57

4.Implement simple ESS and with transmitting nodes in wire-less LAN by simulation and determine the
performance with respect to transmission ofpackets.
Default Network Topology
|
Rank 0 | Rank 1
------------------
------ |----------------------------
Wifi 10.1.3.0
AP
* * * *
| | | | 10.1.1.0
n2 n3 n4 n0 n1
point-to-point |

In this program we have created 3 wifi (STA/mobile)nodes(n2,n3,n4), 2 point to point

nodes(n0,n1) where n0 acts as access point n1 is a base station. This program establishes
connection between n2(10.1.3.3) and n1(10.1.1.2) through access point(10.1.1.1). The
Performance is measured in terms of throughput of the nodes. It can be verified using
tracemetrics(Files generated : Tracefilewifides and Tracefilewifisrc).

Program
#include "ns3/core-module.h"
#include "ns3/point-to-point-module.h"
#include "ns3/network-module.h"
#include "ns3/applications-module.h"
#include "ns3/wifi-module.h"
#include "ns3/mobility-module.h"
#include "ns3/internet-module.h"

using namespace ns3;

NS_LOG_COMPONENT_DEFINE ("ThirdScriptExample");

int main (int argc, char *argv[])

{
bool verbose = true;
uint32_t nWifi = 3; // 3 wi-fi nodes are created

CommandLine cmd;
cmd.AddValue ("nWifi", "Number of wifi STA devices", nWifi);
cmd.AddValue ("verbose", "Tell echo applications to log if true", verbose); cmd.Parse (argc,argv);

if (verbose)
{

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5th sem , CN Lab Manual 15CSL57

LogComponentEnable ("UdpEchoClientApplication", LOG_LEVEL_INFO);

LogComponentEnable ("UdpEchoServerApplication", LOG_LEVEL_INFO); }

NodeContainer p2pNodes;
p2pNodes.Create (2);// 2 nodes are n0,n1 are created

PointToPointHelper pointToPoint;
pointToPoint.SetDeviceAttribute ("DataRate", StringValue ("5Mbps"));
pointToPoint.SetChannelAttribute ("Delay", StringValue ("2ms"));

NetDeviceContainer p2pDevices;
p2pDevices = pointToPoint.Install (p2pNodes);

NodeContainer wifiStaNodes;
wifiStaNodes.Create (nWifi);
NodeContainer wifiApNode = p2pNodes.Get (0);// 1st node of p2p is also access point

/ default PHY layer configuration is used for wifi YansWifiChannelHelper

channel = YansWifiChannelHelper::Default (); YansWifiPhyHelper phy =
YansWifiPhyHelper::Default (); phy.SetChannel (channel.Create ());

WifiHelper wifi;
wifi.SetRemoteStationManager ("ns3::AarfWifiManager");//AARF= rate control algorithm

WifiMacHelper mac;
Ssid ssid = Ssid ("ns-3-ssid");// ssid=service set identifier in 802.11 mac.SetType
("ns3::StaWifiMac",
"Ssid", SsidValue (ssid),
"ActiveProbing", BooleanValue (false));

NetDeviceContainer staDevices;
staDevices = wifi.Install (phy, mac, wifiStaNodes);

mac.SetType ("ns3::ApWifiMac","Ssid", SsidValue (ssid));

NetDeviceContainer apDevices;
apDevices = wifi.Install (phy, mac, wifiApNode);

MobilityHelper mobility;

/ 2 dimensional grid to initially place sta(stationary nodes)

mobility.SetPositionAllocator ("ns3::GridPositionAllocator","MinX",
DoubleValue (10.0),

"MinY", DoubleValue (-10.0), "DeltaX",

DoubleValue (7.0), "DeltaY", DoubleValue

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5th sem , CN Lab Manual 15CSL57

(12.0), "GridWidth", UintegerValue (3),

"LayoutType", StringValue ("RowFirst"));

mobility.SetMobilityModel
("ns3::RandomWalk2dMobilityModel","Bounds",RectangleValue
(Rectangle (-50, 50, -50, 50))); mobility.Install (wifiStaNodes);

mobility.SetMobilityModel ("ns3::ConstantPositionMobilityModel");
mobility.Install (wifiApNode);

InternetStackHelper stack;
stack.Install (p2pNodes.Get(1));// stack installed on n1 of p2p stack.Install
(wifiApNode);//stack installed on access point

stack.Install (wifiStaNodes);//stack installed on mobile nodes

Ipv4AddressHelper address;
address.SetBase ("10.1.1.0",
"255.255.255.0");Ipv4InterfaceContainer p2pInterfaces;
p2pInterfaces = address.Assign (p2pDevices);

address.SetBase ("10.1.3.0", "255.255.255.0");

address.Assign (staDevices); address.Assign (apDevices);

//install echo server application on n1

UdpEchoServerHelper echoServer (9);
ApplicationContainer serverApps = echoServer.Install (p2pNodes.Get (1));
serverApps.Start (Seconds (1.0));
serverApps.Stop (Seconds (10.0));

//install echo client application on n3

UdpEchoClientHelper echoClient (p2pInterfaces.GetAddress (1), 9);
echoClient.SetAttribute ("MaxPackets", UintegerValue (1)); echoClient.SetAttribute
("Interval", TimeValue (Seconds (1.0))); echoClient.SetAttribute ("PacketSize",
UintegerValue (1024));

ApplicationContainer clientApps =
echoClient.Install (wifiStaNodes.Get (nWifi - 1)); clientApps.Start
(Seconds (2.0)); clientApps.Stop (Seconds (10.0));

Ipv4GlobalRoutingHelper::PopulateRoutingTables ();

Simulator::Stop (Seconds (10.0));

AsciiTraceHelper ascii;
pointToPoint.EnableAsciiAll (ascii.CreateFileStream ("Tracefilewifides.tr")); phy.EnableAsciiAll
(ascii.CreateFileStream ("Tracefilewifisrc.tr"));

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5th sem , CN Lab Manual 15CSL57

Simulator::Run ();
Simulator::Destroy ();
return 0;
}

Dept of ISE, RNSIT. Page 30

5th sem , CN Lab Manual 15CSL57

./waf - - run scratch/Program4 - -vis

Output

Trace file is used to see the throughput by using TraceMetrics

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5th sem , CN Lab Manual 15CSL57

5. Implement and study the performance of GSM on NS2/NS3 (Using MAC layer) or equivalent
environment.
6. Implement and study the performance of CDMA on NS2/NS3 (Using stack called Call net) or
equivalent environment.

#include "ns3/lte-helper.h"
#include "ns3/epc-helper.h"
#include "ns3/core-module.h"
#include "ns3/network-module.h"
#include "ns3/ipv4-global-routing-helper.h"
#include "ns3/internet-module.h"
#include "ns3/mobility-module.h"
#include "ns3/lte-module.h"
#include "ns3/applications-module.h"
#include "ns3/point-to-point-helper.h"
#include "ns3/config-store.h"
//#include "ns3/gtk-config-store.h"
//.............................................................................................................
using namespace ns3;

NS_LOG_COMPONENT_DEFINE ("EpcFirstExample");

int
main (int argc, char *argv[])
{

uint16_t numberOfNodes = 2; // numberOfNodes = 6 for CDMA

double simTime = 1.1;
double distance = 60.0;
double interPacketInterval = 100;

// Command line arguments

CommandLine cmd;

cmd.Parse(argc, argv);

Ptr<LteHelper> lteHelper = CreateObject<LteHelper> ();

//This will instantiate some common objects (e.g., the Channel object) and provide the methods to add
eNBs and UEs and configure them.
Ptr<PointToPointEpcHelper> epcHelper = CreateObject<PointToPointEpcHelper> ();
//PointToPointEpcHelper, which implements an EPC based on point-to-point links.
//EpcHelper will also automatically create the PGW node and configure it so that it can properly handle
traffic from/to the LTE radio access network.
lteHelper->SetEpcHelper (epcHelper);
//Then, you need to tell the LTE helper that the EPC will be used:
ConfigStore inputConfig;

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5th sem , CN Lab Manual 15CSL57

inputConfig.ConfigureDefaults();
//Specify configuration parameters of the objects that are being used for the simulation
// parse again so you can override default values from the command line
cmd.Parse(argc, argv);

Ptr<Node> pgw = epcHelper->GetPgwNode ();

//EpcHelper will also automatically create the PGW node and configure it so that it can properly handle
traffic from/to the LTE radio access network.

// Create a single RemoteHost

NodeContainer remoteHostContainer;
remoteHostContainer.Create (1);
Ptr<Node> remoteHost = remoteHostContainer.Get (0);
InternetStackHelper internet;
internet.Install (remoteHostContainer);

// Create the Internet

PointToPointHelper p2ph;
p2ph.SetDeviceAttribute ("DataRate", DataRateValue (DataRate ("100Gb/s")));
p2ph.SetDeviceAttribute ("Mtu", UintegerValue (1500));
p2ph.SetChannelAttribute ("Delay", TimeValue (Seconds (0.010)));
NetDeviceContainer internetDevices = p2ph.Install (pgw, remoteHost);
Ipv4AddressHelper ipv4h;
ipv4h.SetBase ("1.0.0.0", "255.0.0.0");
Ipv4InterfaceContainer internetIpIfaces = ipv4h.Assign (internetDevices);
// interface 0 is localhost, 1 is the p2p device
Ipv4Address remoteHostAddr = internetIpIfaces.GetAddress (1);

Ipv4StaticRoutingHelper ipv4RoutingHelper;
Ptr<Ipv4StaticRouting> remoteHostStaticRouting = ipv4RoutingHelper.GetStaticRouting
(remoteHost->GetObject<Ipv4> ());
remoteHostStaticRouting->AddNetworkRouteTo (Ipv4Address ("7.0.0.0"), Ipv4Mask ("255.0.0.0"),
1);

NodeContainer ueNodes;
NodeContainer enbNodes;
enbNodes.Create(numberOfNodes);
ueNodes.Create(numberOfNodes);

// Install Mobility Model

Ptr<ListPositionAllocator> positionAlloc = CreateObject<ListPositionAllocator> ();
for (uint16_t i = 0; i < numberOfNodes; i++)
{
positionAlloc->Add (Vector(distance * i, 100, 100));
}
MobilityHelper mobility;

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5th sem , CN Lab Manual 15CSL57

mobility.SetMobilityModel("ns3::ConstantPositionMobilityModel");
mobility.SetPositionAllocator(positionAlloc);
mobility.Install(enbNodes);
mobility.Install(ueNodes);

// Install LTE Devices to the nodes

NetDeviceContainer enbLteDevs = lteHelper->InstallEnbDevice (enbNodes);
NetDeviceContainer ueLteDevs = lteHelper->InstallUeDevice (ueNodes);

// Install the IP stack on the UEs

internet.Install (ueNodes);
Ipv4InterfaceContainer ueIpIface;
ueIpIface = epcHelper->AssignUeIpv4Address (NetDeviceContainer (ueLteDevs));
// Assign IP address to UEs, and install applications
for (uint32_t u = 0; u < ueNodes.GetN (); ++u)
{
Ptr<Node> ueNode = ueNodes.Get (u);
// Set the default gateway for the UE
Ptr<Ipv4StaticRouting> ueStaticRouting = ipv4RoutingHelper.GetStaticRouting (ueNode-
>GetObject<Ipv4> ());
ueStaticRouting->SetDefaultRoute (epcHelper->GetUeDefaultGatewayAddress (), 1);
}

// Attach one UE per eNodeB

for (uint16_t i = 0; i < numberOfNodes; i++)
{
lteHelper->Attach (ueLteDevs.Get(i), enbLteDevs.Get(i));
// side effect: the default EPS bearer will be activated
}

// Install and start applications on UEs and remote host

uint16_t dlPort = 1234;
uint16_t ulPort = 2000;
uint16_t otherPort = 3000;
ApplicationContainer clientApps;
ApplicationContainer serverApps;
for (uint32_t u = 0; u < ueNodes.GetN (); ++u)
{
++ulPort;
++otherPort;
PacketSinkHelper dlPacketSinkHelper ("ns3::UdpSocketFactory", InetSocketAddress
(Ipv4Address::GetAny (), dlPort));
PacketSinkHelper ulPacketSinkHelper ("ns3::UdpSocketFactory", InetSocketAddress
(Ipv4Address::GetAny (), ulPort));

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5th sem , CN Lab Manual 15CSL57

PacketSinkHelper packetSinkHelper ("ns3::UdpSocketFactory", InetSocketAddress

(Ipv4Address::GetAny (), otherPort));
serverApps.Add (dlPacketSinkHelper.Install (ueNodes.Get(u)));
serverApps.Add (ulPacketSinkHelper.Install (remoteHost));
serverApps.Add (packetSinkHelper.Install (ueNodes.Get(u)));

UdpClientHelper dlClient (ueIpIface.GetAddress (u), dlPort);

dlClient.SetAttribute ("Interval", TimeValue (MilliSeconds(interPacketInterval)));
dlClient.SetAttribute ("MaxPackets", UintegerValue(1000000));

UdpClientHelper ulClient (remoteHostAddr, ulPort);

ulClient.SetAttribute ("Interval", TimeValue (MilliSeconds(interPacketInterval)));
ulClient.SetAttribute ("MaxPackets", UintegerValue(1000000));

UdpClientHelper client (ueIpIface.GetAddress (u), otherPort);

client.SetAttribute ("Interval", TimeValue (MilliSeconds(interPacketInterval)));
client.SetAttribute ("MaxPackets", UintegerValue(1000000));

clientApps.Add (dlClient.Install (remoteHost));

clientApps.Add (ulClient.Install (ueNodes.Get(u)));
if (u+1 < ueNodes.GetN ())
{
clientApps.Add (client.Install (ueNodes.Get(u+1)));
}
else
{
clientApps.Add (client.Install (ueNodes.Get(0)));
}
}
serverApps.Start (Seconds (0.01));
clientApps.Start (Seconds (0.01));
lteHelper->EnableTraces ();
// Uncomment to enable PCAP tracing
AsciiTraceHelper ascii;
p2ph.EnableAsciiAll(ascii.CreateFileStream("lab5.tr");
p2ph.EnablePcapAll("lena-epc-first");

Simulator::Stop(Seconds(simTime));
Simulator::Run();

/*GtkConfigStore config;
config.ConfigureAttributes();*/

Simulator::Destroy();
return 0;

Dept of ISE, RNSIT. Page 35

5th sem , CN Lab Manual 15CSL57

Output

Dept of ISE, RNSIT. Page 36

5th sem , CN Lab Manual 15CSL57

Dept of ISE, RNSIT. Page 37

5th sem , CN Lab Manual 10CSL57

Part –B
7. Write a program for error detecting code using CRC-CCITT (16- bits).

import java.io.*;
import java.util.Scanner;

class crcscanner
{
    public static void main(String a[]) throws IOException
    {
        
          Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in);
          int[] message;
          int[] gen;
          int[] app_message;
          int[] rem;
          int[] trans_message;
          int message_bits,gen_bits, total_bits;
        
         System.out.println("\n Enter number of bits in message : ");
         message_bits=sc.nextInt();
 
         message=new int[message_bits];
         System.out.println("\n Enter message bits : ");
         for(int i=0; i<message_bits; i++)
         message[i]=sc.nextInt();
        System.out.println("\n Enter number of bits in gen : ");
        gen_bits=sc.nextInt();
        
        gen=new int[gen_bits];
        System.out.println("\n Enter gen bits : ");
        for(int i=0; i<gen_bits; i++)
       {
         gen[i]=sc.nextInt();
       }

      total_bits=message_bits+gen_bits-1; 
   
      app_message=new int[total_bits];
      rem=new int[total_bits];
      trans_message=new int[total_bits];
        
      for(int i=0;i<message.length;i++)
      {
     app_message[i]=message[i];
      }
           
      System.out.print("\n Message bits are : ");
      for(int i=0; i< message_bits; i++)
      {

Dept of ISE, RNSIT.Page 38

5th sem , CN Lab Manual 10CSL57

  System.out.print(message[i]);        
      } 
      System.out.print("\n Generators bits are : ");
      for(int i=0; i< gen_bits; i++)
      {
    System.out.print(gen[i]);        
      }
                
      System.out.print("\n Appended message is : ");
      for(int i=0; i< app_message.length; i++)
      {
 System.out.print(app_message[i]);        
      }
        
        
      for(int j=0; j<app_message.length; j++)
     {
              rem[j] = app_message[j];
     }
    
     rem=computecrc(app_message, gen, rem);
        
     for(int i=0;i<app_message.length;i++)        
     {
           trans_message[i]=(app_message[i]^rem[i]);
     }
        
     System.out.println("\n Transmitted message from the transmitter is : ");    
     for(int i=0;i<trans_message.length;i++)
     { 
    System.out.print(trans_message[i]);
     }
            
     System.out.println("\n Enter received message of "+total_bits+" bits at receiver end : ");
     for(int i=0; i<trans_message.length; i++)
     {
      trans_message[i]=sc.nextInt();;
     }
     System.out.println("\n Received message is :");  
     for(int i=0; i< trans_message.length; i++)
     {
     System.out.print(trans_message[i]);        
     }
           
     for(int j=0; j<trans_message.length; j++)
    {
              rem[j] = trans_message[j];
    }
    rem=computecrc(trans_message, gen, rem);
     for(int i=0; i< rem.length; i++)
    {
          if(rem[i]!=0) 

Dept of ISE, RNSIT.Page 39

5th sem , CN Lab Manual 10CSL57

 
              
          {
                System.out.println("\n There is Error in the received me            ");
                break;
          }
          if(i==rem.length-1)
          
     System.out.println("\n There is No Error in the received m ");
     }
 }

   static int[] computecrc(int app_message[],int gen[], int rem[])

 {
      int current=0;
      while(true)
     {
            for(int i=0;i<gen.length;i++)
           {
      rem[current+i]=(rem[current+i]^gen[i]);
           }
            while(rem[current]==0 && current!=rem.length-1)
          {
      current++;
 }
            if((rem.length-current)<gen.length)
      {
           break;
 }
     }
     return rem;
 }
}

8. Write a program to find the shortest path between vertices using bellman-ford
algorithm.
import java.util.Scanner;
public class BellmanFord
{
private int D[]; private int num_ver;
public static final int MAX_VALUE = 999;
public BellmanFord(int num_ver)
{
this.num_ver = num_ver; D = new int[num_ver + 1];
}
public void BellmanFordEvaluation(int source, int A[][])
{

Dept of ISE, RNSIT.Page 40

5th sem , CN Lab Manual 10CSL57

for (int node = 1; node <= num_ver; node++)

{
D[node] = MAX_VALUE;

}
D[source] = 0;
for (int node = 1; node <= num_ver - 1; node++)
{
for (int sn = 1; sn <= num_ver; sn++)
{
for (int dn = 1; dn <= num_ver; dn++)
{
if (A[sn][dn] != MAX_VALUE)
{
if (D[dn] > D[sn]+ A[sn][dn])
D[dn] = D[sn] + A[sn][dn];
}
}
}
}
for (int sn = 1; sn <= num_ver; sn++)
{
for (int dn = 1; dn <= num_ver; dn++)
{
if (A[sn][dn] != MAX_VALUE)
{
if (D[dn] > D[sn]+ A[sn][dn])
System.out.println("The Graph contains negative egde cycle");
}
}
}
for (int vertex = 1; vertex <= num_ver; vertex++)
{
System.out.println("distance of source " + source + " to "+ vertex + " is " + D[vertex]);
}

Dept of ISE, RNSIT.Page 41

5th sem , CN Lab Manual 10CSL57

}
public static void main(String[ ] args)
{
int num_ver = 0; int source;
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in); System.out.println("Enter the number of
vertices"); num_ver = scanner.nextInt();
int A[][] = new int[num_ver + 1][num_ver + 1]; System.out.println("Enter the adjacency
matrix"); for (int sn = 1; sn <= num_ver; sn++)
{
for (int dn = 1; dn <= num_ver; dn++)
{

A[sn][dn] = scanner.nextInt(); if (sn == dn)

{
A[sn][dn] = 0; continue;
}
if (A[sn][dn] == 0)
{
A[sn][dn] = MAX_VALUE;
}
}
}
System.out.println("Enter the source vertex"); source = scanner.nextInt();
BellmanFord b = new BellmanFord (num_ver); b.BellmanFordEvaluation(source, A);
scanner.close();
}
}

Dept of ISE, RNSIT.Page 42

5th sem , CN Lab Manual 10CSL57

Input graph:

Output:

Dept of ISE, RNSIT.Page 43

5th sem , CN Lab Manual 10CSL57

9.Using TCP/IP sockets, write a client – server program to make the client send the file name and
to make the server send back the contents of the requested file if present.

Server Program
import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;

public class SimpleFileServer {

public final static int SOCKET_PORT = 13267; // you may change this
public final static String FILE_TO_SEND = "e:/source1.txt"; // you may change this

public static void main (String [] args ) throws IOException {

FileInputStream fis = null;
BufferedInputStream bis = null;
OutputStream os = null;
ServerSocket servsock = null;
Socket sock = null;
try {
servsock = new ServerSocket(SOCKET_PORT);
while (true) {
System.out.println("Waiting...");
try {
sock = servsock.accept();
System.out.println("Accepted connection : " + sock);
// send file
File myFile = new File (FILE_TO_SEND);

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5th sem , CN Lab Manual 10CSL57

byte [] mybytearray = new byte [(int)myFile.length()];

fis = new FileInputStream(myFile);
bis = new BufferedInputStream(fis);
bis.read(mybytearray,0,mybytearray.length);
os = sock.getOutputStream();
System.out.println("Sending " + FILE_TO_SEND + "(" + mybytearray.length + " bytes)");
os.write(mybytearray,0,mybytearray.length);
os.flush();
System.out.println("Done.");
}
finally {
if (bis != null) bis.close();
if (os != null) os.close();
if (sock!=null) sock.close();
}
}
}
finally {
if (servsock != null) servsock.close();
}
}
}

Client Program
import java.io.BufferedOutputStream;

import java.io.FileOutputStream;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.io.InputStream;

import java.net.Socket;

Dept of ISE, RNSIT.Page 45

5th sem , CN Lab Manual 10CSL57

public class SimpleFileClient {

public final static int SOCKET_PORT = 13267; // you may change this

public final static String SERVER = "127.0.0.1"; // localhost

public final static String

FILE_TO_RECEIVED = "e:/source-downloaded.txt"; // you may change this, I give a

// different name because i don't want to

// overwrite the one used by server...

public final static int FILE_SIZE = 6022386; // file size temporary hard coded

// should bigger than the file to be downloaded

public static void main (String [] args ) throws IOException {

int bytesRead;

int current = 0;

FileOutputStream fos = null;

BufferedOutputStream bos = null;

Socket sock = null;

try {

sock = new Socket(SERVER, SOCKET_PORT);

Dept of ISE, RNSIT.Page 46

5th sem , CN Lab Manual 10CSL57

System.out.println("Connecting...");

// receive file

byte [] mybytearray = new byte [FILE_SIZE];

InputStream is = sock.getInputStream();

fos = new FileOutputStream(FILE_TO_RECEIVED);

bos = new BufferedOutputStream(fos);

bytesRead = is.read(mybytearray,0,mybytearray.length);

current = bytesRead;

do {

bytesRead =

is.read(mybytearray, current, (mybytearray.length-current));

if(bytesRead >= 0) current += bytesRead;

} while(bytesRead > -1);

bos.write(mybytearray, 0 , current);

bos.flush();

System.out.println("File " + FILE_TO_RECEIVED

+ " downloaded (" + current + " bytes read)");

Dept of ISE, RNSIT.Page 47

5th sem , CN Lab Manual 10CSL57

finally {

if (fos != null) fos.close();

if (bos != null) bos.close();

if (sock != null) sock.close();

10. Write a program on datagram socket for client/server to display the messages on client side,
typed at the server side.

UDP Client
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
public class UDPC
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
DatagramSocket skt;
try {
skt=new DatagramSocket(); String msg= "text message "; byte[] b = msg.getBytes();
InetAddress host=InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"); int serverSocket=6788;
DatagramPacket request =new DatagramPacket (b,b.length,host,serverSocket); skt.send(request);
byte[] buffer =new byte[1000];
DatagramPacket reply= new DatagramPacket(buffer,buffer.length); skt.receive(reply);
System.out.println("client received:" +new String(reply.getData())); skt.close();
}
catch(Exception ex)

Dept of ISE, RNSIT.Page 48

5th sem , CN Lab Manual 10CSL57

{
}
}
}
UDP Server
import java.io.*; import java.net.*;
public class UDPS
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
DatagramSocket skt=null;
try
{
skt=new DatagramSocket(6788); byte[] buffer = new byte[1000];
while(true)
{
DatagramPacket request = new DatagramPacket(buffer,buffer.length);
skt.receive(request);
String[] message = (new String(request.getData())).split("");
byte[] sendMsg= (message[1]+ " server processed").getBytes();
DatagramPacket reply = new
DatagramPacket(sendMsg,sendMsg.length,request.getAddress(),request.getPort());
skt.send(reply);
}
}
catch(Exception ex)
{
}
}
}

11. Write a program for simple RSA algorithm to encrypt and decrypt the data.

Dept of ISE, RNSIT.Page 49

5th sem , CN Lab Manual 10CSL57

Implementation of RSA Algorithm(Encryption and Decryption) in Java

import java.math.BigInteger;

import java.util.Random;

import java.io.*;

public class RSA {

private BigInteger p;

private BigInteger q;

private BigInteger N;

private BigInteger phi;

private BigInteger e;

private BigInteger d;

private int bitlength = 1024;

private int blocksize = 256;

//blocksize in byte

private Random r;

public RSA() {

r = new Random();

p = BigInteger.probablePrime(bitlength, r);

q = BigInteger.probablePrime(bitlength, r);

N = p.multiply(q);

phi = p.subtract(BigInteger.ONE).multiply(q.subtract(BigInteger.ONE));

e = BigInteger.probablePrime(bitlength/2, r);

while (phi.gcd(e).compareTo(BigInteger.ONE) > 0 && e.compareTo(phi) < 0 ) {

Dept of ISE, RNSIT.Page 50

5th sem , CN Lab Manual 10CSL57

e.add(BigInteger.ONE);

d = e.modInverse(phi);

public RSA(BigInteger e, BigInteger d, BigInteger N) {

this.e = e;

this.d = d;

this.N = N;

public static void main (String[] args) throws IOException {

RSA rsa = new RSA();

DataInputStream in=new DataInputStream(System.in);

String teststring ;

System.out.println("Enter the plain text:");

teststring=in.readLine();

System.out.println("Encrypting String: " + teststring);

System.out.println("String in Bytes: " + bytesToString(teststring.getBytes()));

// encrypt

byte[] encrypted = rsa.encrypt(teststring.getBytes());

System.out.println("Encrypted String in Bytes: " + bytesToString(encrypted));

// decrypt

byte[] decrypted = rsa.decrypt(encrypted);

System.out.println("Decrypted String in Bytes: " + bytesToString(decrypted));

Dept of ISE, RNSIT.Page 51

5th sem , CN Lab Manual 10CSL57

System.out.println("Decrypted String: " + new String(decrypted));

private static String bytesToString(byte[] encrypted) {

String test = "";

for (byte b : encrypted) {

test += Byte.toString(b);

return test;

//Encrypt message

public byte[] encrypt(byte[] message) {

return (new BigInteger(message)).modPow(e, N).toByteArray();

// Decrypt message

public byte[] decrypt(byte[] message) {

return (new BigInteger(message)).modPow(d, N).toByteArray();

12. Write a program for congestion control using leaky bucket algorithm.
filename:Licky.java

import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;

Dept of ISE, RNSIT.Page 52

5th sem , CN Lab Manual 10CSL57

class Queue
{
int q[],f=0,r=0,size;
void insert(int n)
{
Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
q=new int[10];
for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
{
System.out.print("\nEnter " + i + " element: ");
int ele=in.nextInt();

if(r+1>10)
{
System.out.println("\nQueue is full \nLost Packet: "+ele);
break;
}
else
{
r++;
q[i]=ele;
}
}
}

void delete()
{
Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
Thread t=new Thread();
if(r==0)

Dept of ISE, RNSIT.Page 53

5th sem , CN Lab Manual 10CSL57

System.out.print("\nQueue empty ");

else
{
for(int i=f;i<r;i++)
{
try
{
t.sleep(1000);
}
catch(Exception e){}
System.out.print("\nLeaked Packet: "+q[i]);
f++;
}
}
System.out.println();
}

class Licky extends Thread

{
public static void main(String ar[])throws Exception
{
Queue q=new Queue();
Scanner src=new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("\nEnter the packets to be sent:");
int size=src.nextInt();
q.insert(size);
q.delete();

Dept of ISE, RNSIT.Page 54

5th sem , CN Lab Manual 10CSL57

}
}

/*
OUTPUT

bash-3.00$ javac Licky.java

bash-3.00$ java Licky

Enter the packets to be sent:

11

Enter 0 element: 1

Enter 1 element: 0

Enter 2 element: 2

Enter 3 element: 3

Enter 4 element: 4

Enter 5 element: 5

Enter 6 element: 6

Enter 7 element: 7

Enter 8 element: 8

Enter 9 element: 9

Enter 10 element: 10

Queue is full
Lost Packet: 10

Leaked Packet: 1
Leaked Packet: 0
Leaked Packet: 2
Leaked Packet: 3
Leaked Packet: 4

Dept of ISE, RNSIT.Page 55

5th sem , CN Lab Manual 10CSL57

Leaked Packet: 5
Leaked Packet: 6
Leaked Packet: 7
Leaked Packet: 8
Leaked Packet: 9

Dept of ISE, RNSIT.Page 56

5th sem , CN Lab Manual 10CSL57

Dept of ISE, RNSIT.Page 57

 Part –B
8. Write a program for error detecting code using CRC-CCITT (16- bits).

import java.io.*;
import java.util.Scanner;

class crcscanner
{
    public static void main(String a[]) throws IOException
    {
        
          Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in);
          int[] message;
          int[] gen;
          int[] app_message;
          int[] rem;
          int[] trans_message;
          int message_bits,gen_bits, total_bits;
        
         System.out.println("\n Enter number of bits in message : ");
         message_bits=sc.nextInt();
 
         message=new int[message_bits];
         System.out.println("\n Enter message bits : ");
         for(int i=0; i<message_bits; i++)
         message[i]=sc.nextInt();
        System.out.println("\n Enter number of bits in gen : ");
        gen_bits=sc.nextInt();
        
        gen=new int[gen_bits];
        System.out.println("\n Enter gen bits : ");
        for(int i=0; i<gen_bits; i++)
       {
         gen[i]=sc.nextInt();
       }

      total_bits=message_bits+gen_bits-1; 
   
      app_message=new int[total_bits];
      rem=new int[total_bits];
      trans_message=new int[total_bits];
        
      for(int i=0;i<message.length;i++)
      {
     app_message[i]=message[i];
      }
           
      System.out.print("\n Message bits are : ");
      for(int i=0; i< message_bits; i++)
      {
  System.out.print(message[i]);        
      } 
      System.out.print("\n Generators bits are : ");
      for(int i=0; i< gen_bits; i++)
      {
    System.out.print(gen[i]);        
      }
                
      System.out.print("\n Appended message is : ");
      for(int i=0; i< app_message.length; i++)
      {
 System.out.print(app_message[i]);        
      }
        
        
      for(int j=0; j<app_message.length; j++)
     {
              rem[j] = app_message[j];
     }
    
     rem=computecrc(app_message, gen, rem);
        
     for(int i=0;i<app_message.length;i++)        
     {
           trans_message[i]=(app_message[i]^rem[i]);
     }
        
     System.out.println("\n Transmitted message from the transmitter is : ");    
     for(int i=0;i<trans_message.length;i++)
     { 
    System.out.print(trans_message[i]);
     }
            
     System.out.println("\n Enter received message of "+total_bits+" bits at receiver end : ");
     for(int i=0; i<trans_message.length; i++)
     {
      trans_message[i]=sc.nextInt();;
     }
     System.out.println("\n Received message is :");  
     for(int i=0; i< trans_message.length; i++)
     {
     System.out.print(trans_message[i]);        
     }
           
     for(int j=0; j<trans_message.length; j++)
    {
              rem[j] = trans_message[j];
    }
    rem=computecrc(trans_message, gen, rem);
     for(int i=0; i< rem.length; i++)
    {
          if(rem[i]!=0) 
 
              
          {
                System.out.println("\n There is Error in the received me            ");
                break;
          }
          if(i==rem.length-1)
          
     System.out.println("\n There is No Error in the received m ");
     }
 }

   static int[] computecrc(int app_message[],int gen[], int rem[])

 {
      int current=0;
      while(true)
     {
            for(int i=0;i<gen.length;i++)
           {
      rem[current+i]=(rem[current+i]^gen[i]);
           }
            while(rem[current]==0 && current!=rem.length-1)
          {
      current++;
 }
            if((rem.length-current)<gen.length)
      {
           break;
 }
     }
     return rem;
 }
}

8. Write a program to find the shortest path between vertices using bellman-ford
algorithm.
import java.util.Scanner;
public class BellmanFord
{
private int D[]; private int num_ver;
public static final int MAX_VALUE = 999;
public BellmanFord(int num_ver)
{
this.num_ver = num_ver; D = new int[num_ver + 1];
}
public void BellmanFordEvaluation(int source, int A[][])
{
for (int node = 1; node <= num_ver; node++)
{
D[node] = MAX_VALUE;

}
D[source] = 0;
for (int node = 1; node <= num_ver - 1; node++)
{
for (int sn = 1; sn <= num_ver; sn++)
{
for (int dn = 1; dn <= num_ver; dn++)
{
if (A[sn][dn] != MAX_VALUE)
{
if (D[dn] > D[sn]+ A[sn][dn])
D[dn] = D[sn] + A[sn][dn];
}
}
}
}
for (int sn = 1; sn <= num_ver; sn++)
{
for (int dn = 1; dn <= num_ver; dn++)
{
if (A[sn][dn] != MAX_VALUE)
{
if (D[dn] > D[sn]+ A[sn][dn])
System.out.println("The Graph contains negative egde cycle");
}
}
}
for (int vertex = 1; vertex <= num_ver; vertex++)
{
System.out.println("distance of source " + source + " to "+ vertex + " is " + D[vertex]);
}
}
public static void main(String[ ] args)
{
int num_ver = 0; int source;
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in); System.out.println("Enter the number of
vertices"); num_ver = scanner.nextInt();
int A[][] = new int[num_ver + 1][num_ver + 1]; System.out.println("Enter the adjacency
matrix"); for (int sn = 1; sn <= num_ver; sn++)
{
for (int dn = 1; dn <= num_ver; dn++)
{

A[sn][dn] = scanner.nextInt(); if (sn == dn)

{
A[sn][dn] = 0; continue;
}
if (A[sn][dn] == 0)
{
A[sn][dn] = MAX_VALUE;
}
}
}
System.out.println("Enter the source vertex"); source = scanner.nextInt();
BellmanFord b = new BellmanFord (num_ver); b.BellmanFordEvaluation(source, A);
scanner.close();
}
}
Input graph:

Output:
9.Using TCP/IP sockets, write a client – server program to make the client send the file
name and to make the server send back the contents of the requested file if present.

Server Program
import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;

public class SimpleFileServer {

public final static int SOCKET_PORT = 13267; // you may change this
public final static String FILE_TO_SEND = "e:/source1.txt"; // you may change this

public static void main (String [] args ) throws IOException {

FileInputStream fis = null;
BufferedInputStream bis = null;
OutputStream os = null;
ServerSocket servsock = null;
Socket sock = null;
try {
servsock = new ServerSocket(SOCKET_PORT);
while (true) {
System.out.println("Waiting...");
try {
sock = servsock.accept();
System.out.println("Accepted connection : " + sock);
// send file
File myFile = new File (FILE_TO_SEND);
byte [] mybytearray = new byte [(int)myFile.length()];
fis = new FileInputStream(myFile);
 bis = new BufferedInputStream(fis);
bis.read(mybytearray,0,mybytearray.length);
os = sock.getOutputStream();
System.out.println("Sending " + FILE_TO_SEND + "(" + mybytearray.length + "
bytes)");
os.write(mybytearray,0,mybytearray.length);
os.flush();
System.out.println("Done.");
}
finally {
if (bis != null) bis.close();
if (os != null) os.close();
if (sock!=null) sock.close();
}
}
}
finally {
if (servsock != null) servsock.close();
}
}
}

Client Program
import java.io.BufferedOutputStream;

import java.io.FileOutputStream;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.io.InputStream;

import java.net.Socket;

public class SimpleFileClient {

public final static int SOCKET_PORT = 13267; // you may change this

public final static String SERVER = "127.0.0.1"; // localhost

public final static String

FILE_TO_RECEIVED = "e:/source-downloaded.txt"; // you may change this, I give a

// different name because i don't want to

// overwrite the one used by server...

public final static int FILE_SIZE = 6022386; // file size temporary hard coded

// should bigger than the file to be downloaded

public static void main (String [] args ) throws IOException {

int bytesRead;

int current = 0;

FileOutputStream fos = null;

BufferedOutputStream bos = null;

Socket sock = null;

try {

sock = new Socket(SERVER, SOCKET_PORT);

System.out.println("Connecting...");

// receive file

byte [] mybytearray = new byte [FILE_SIZE];

InputStream is = sock.getInputStream();
 fos = new FileOutputStream(FILE_TO_RECEIVED);

bos = new BufferedOutputStream(fos);

bytesRead = is.read(mybytearray,0,mybytearray.length);

current = bytesRead;

do {

bytesRead =

is.read(mybytearray, current, (mybytearray.length-current));

if(bytesRead >= 0) current += bytesRead;

} while(bytesRead > -1);

bos.write(mybytearray, 0 , current);

bos.flush();

System.out.println("File " + FILE_TO_RECEIVED

+ " downloaded (" + current + " bytes read)");

finally {

if (fos != null) fos.close();

if (bos != null) bos.close();

if (sock != null) sock.close();

}
}

10. Write a program on datagram socket for client/server to display the messages on
client side, typed at the server side.

UDP Client
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
public class UDPC
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
DatagramSocket skt;
try {
skt=new DatagramSocket(); String msg= "text message "; byte[] b = msg.getBytes();
InetAddress host=InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"); int serverSocket=6788;
DatagramPacket request =new DatagramPacket (b,b.length,host,serverSocket);
skt.send(request);
byte[] buffer =new byte[1000];
DatagramPacket reply= new DatagramPacket(buffer,buffer.length); skt.receive(reply);
System.out.println("client received:" +new String(reply.getData())); skt.close();
}
catch(Exception ex)
{
}
}
}
UDP Server
import java.io.*; import java.net.*;
public class UDPS
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
DatagramSocket skt=null;
try
{
skt=new DatagramSocket(6788); byte[] buffer = new byte[1000];
while(true)
{
DatagramPacket request = new DatagramPacket(buffer,buffer.length);
skt.receive(request);
String[] message = (new String(request.getData())).split("");
byte[] sendMsg= (message[1]+ " server processed").getBytes();
DatagramPacket reply = new
DatagramPacket(sendMsg,sendMsg.length,request.getAddress(),request.getPort());
skt.send(reply);
}
}
catch(Exception ex)
{
}
}
}

13. Write a program for simple RSA algorithm to encrypt and decrypt the data.

Implementation of RSA Algorithm(Encryption and Decryption) in Java

import java.math.BigInteger;

import java.util.Random;

import java.io.*;

public class RSA {

private BigInteger p;

private BigInteger q;

private BigInteger N;

private BigInteger phi;

private BigInteger e;
 private BigInteger d;

private int bitlength = 1024;

private int blocksize = 256;

//blocksize in byte

private Random r;

public RSA() {

r = new Random();

p = BigInteger.probablePrime(bitlength, r);

q = BigInteger.probablePrime(bitlength, r);

N = p.multiply(q);

phi = p.subtract(BigInteger.ONE).multiply(q.subtract(BigInteger.ONE));

e = BigInteger.probablePrime(bitlength/2, r);

while (phi.gcd(e).compareTo(BigInteger.ONE) > 0 && e.compareTo(phi) <

0){

e.add(BigInteger.ONE);

d = e.modInverse(phi);

public RSA(BigInteger e, BigInteger d, BigInteger N) {

this.e = e;

this.d = d;

this.N = N;

public static void main (String[] args) throws IOException {

RSA rsa = new RSA();

DataInputStream in=new DataInputStream(System.in);

 String teststring ;

System.out.println("Enter the plain text:");

teststring=in.readLine();

System.out.println("Encrypting String: " + teststring);

System.out.println("String in Bytes: " + bytesToString(teststring.getBytes()));

// encrypt

byte[] encrypted = rsa.encrypt(teststring.getBytes());

System.out.println("Encrypted String in Bytes: " + bytesToString(encrypted));

// decrypt

byte[] decrypted = rsa.decrypt(encrypted);

System.out.println("Decrypted String in Bytes: " +

bytesToString(decrypted));

System.out.println("Decrypted String: " + new String(decrypted));

private static String bytesToString(byte[] encrypted) {

String test = "";

for (byte b : encrypted) {

test += Byte.toString(b);

return test;

//Encrypt message

public byte[] encrypt(byte[] message) {

return (new BigInteger(message)).modPow(e, N).toByteArray();

}
 // Decrypt message

public byte[] decrypt(byte[] message) {

return (new BigInteger(message)).modPow(d, N).toByteArray();

14. Write a program for congestion control using leaky bucket algorithm.
filename:Licky.java

import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;

class Queue
{
int q[],f=0,r=0,size;
void insert(int n)
{
Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
q=new int[10];
for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
{
System.out.print("\nEnter " + i + " element: ");
int ele=in.nextInt();

if(r+1>10)
{
System.out.println("\nQueue is full \nLost Packet: "+ele);
break;
}
else
{
r++;
q[i]=ele;
 }
}
}

void delete()
{
Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
Thread t=new Thread();
if(r==0)
System.out.print("\nQueue empty ");

else
{
for(int i=f;i<r;i++)
{
try
{
t.sleep(1000);
}
catch(Exception e){}
System.out.print("\nLeaked Packet: "+q[i]);
f++;
}
}
System.out.println();
}

class Licky extends Thread

{
public static void main(String ar[])throws Exception
{
Queue q=new Queue();
Scanner src=new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("\nEnter the packets to be sent:");
int size=src.nextInt();
q.insert(size);
q.delete();

}
}

/*
OUTPUT

bash-3.00$ javac Licky.java

bash-3.00$ java Licky

Enter the packets to be sent:

11

Enter 0 element: 1

Enter 1 element: 0

Enter 2 element: 2

Enter 3 element: 3

Enter 4 element: 4

Enter 5 element: 5

Enter 6 element: 6

Enter 7 element: 7

Enter 8 element: 8

Enter 9 element: 9

Enter 10 element: 10

Queue is full
Lost Packet: 10

Leaked Packet: 1
Leaked Packet: 0
Leaked Packet: 2
Leaked Packet: 3
Leaked Packet: 4
Leaked Packet: 5
Leaked Packet: 6
Leaked Packet: 7
Leaked Packet: 8
Leaked Packet: 9