A REPORT OF INDUSTRIAL TRAINING

at

YBI FOUNDATION

SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF

THE DEGREE OF

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

(Computer Science and Engineering)

JULY – AUG, 2022

SUBMITTED BY:

SAGAR

2027223

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

CHANDIGARH ENGINEERING COLLEGE JHANJERI, MOHALI

Affiliated to I.K Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar

(Batch: 2020-2024)

i
CERTIFICATE OF TRAINING COMPLETION

ii
 CANDIDATE DECLARATION

I SAGAR, hereby declare that I have undertaken Summer Training at YBI FOUNDATION, during a
period from 01/08/2022 to 27/08/2022. The file submitted by SAGAR (2027223), in partial fulfillment of
the requirement for the award of degree of the B.Tech. (Computer Science and Engineering) submitted in
Chandigarh Engineering College, Jhanjeri, Mohali, is an authentic record of my own work carried out
during Summer Training.

SAGAR Ms. Sumanpreet

2027223 Assistant Professor, CSE

Dr. Sachin Yadav

HOD CSE

iii
ABSTRACT

The training consisted of Principles of Object-oriented Programming (OOP), Introduction to Python,

Downloading and installation of Python, Using data types &Variables in Python, Basics of Programming in

Python like Tuples, List, loops & conditional statements and use &

Scope of python. Python is a widely used high-level, general-purpose, interpreted, dynamic programming

language. Its design philosophy emphasizes code readability, and its syntax allows programmers to express

concepts in fewer lines of code than would be possible in languages such as C++ or Java. The language

provides constructs intended to enable clear programs on both a small and large scale. Python is a very

simple programming language so even if you are new to programming, you can learn python without facing

any issues.

iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It gives me great pleasure to deliver this report on the Industrial training, I worked on for my B-Tech in
Computer science & Engineering at the completion of 5th semester, which was titled “DESKTOP
ASSISTANT”. I am grateful to my university for presenting me with such a wonderful and challenging
opportunity. I also want to convey my sincere gratitude to all coordinators for then unfailing support and
encouragement.

I am extremely thankful to Dr. Sachin Yadav, Dean of Computer Science & Engineering of Chandigarh
Engineering College Jhanjeri, Mohali (Punjab) for valuable suggestions and heartiest co-operation.

I am also grateful to the management of the institute, Dr Ashwani Sharma, Director Engineering, and Dr
Vinod Kumar, Director Academic, for giving me the chance to acquire the information. I am also
appreciative of all of my faculty members, who have instructed me throughout my degree.

SAGAR

v
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

PARTICULARS PAGE NO
Cover Page i
Certificate ii
Declaration of the Student iii
Acknowledgement iv
Abstract v

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIZATION

1.1 Introduction to organization 8

CHAPTER 2 INTRODUCTION TO PYTHON 9-11

2.1 Python
2.2 Scripting Language
2.3 Object Oriented Programming
2.4 History of python
2.5 Behind the Scene of Python

CHAPTER 3 DOWNLOADING & INSTALLING OF PYTHON 12-20

3.1 Downloading Python
3.2 Installing Python
3.3 Setup path of variable
3.4 Running The Python IDE
3.5 Python code Execution.

CHAPTER 4 DATA TYPES & OPERATORS 21-24

4.1 Variables
4.2 String
4.3 Python Operator
4.3.1 Arithmetic Operator
4.3.2 Comparison Operator
4.3.3 Logical Operator
6
CHAPTER 5 TUPLE & LIST 25-29
5.1 Tuple
5.1.1 Accessing Tuple Values
5.1.2 Built in Operation
5.1.3 Built in Functions
5.2 List
5.2.1 Accessing List Values
5.2.2 Built in Operation
5.2.3 Built in Functions

CHAPTER 6 LOOPS & CONDITIONAL STATEMENTS 29-35

6.1 Loops
6.1.1 Loops Definition
6.1.2 Loops Example
6.2 Conditional Statement
6.2.1 Conditional Statement Definition
6.2.2 Conditional Statement Example
6.3 Function
6.3.1 Syntax & Examples

CHAPTER 7 USES & SCOPE 36-37

7.1 Scope of Python
7.2 What can we do With Python?
7.3 Who Uses Python Today?
7.4 Why do People Use Python?

CHAPTER 8 PROGRAMS 38-44

CHAPTER 9 CONCLUSION 45
REFERENCES 46

7
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIZATION

YBI Foundation is a Delhi-based not-for-profit edutech company that aims to enable the youth to
grow in the world of emerging technologies. They offer a mix of online and offline approaches to
bring new skills, education, technologies for students, academicians and practitioners. They
believe in the learning anywhere and anytime approach to reach out to learners. The platform
provides free online instructor-led classes for students to excel in data science, business analytics,
machine learning, cloud computing and big data. They aim to focus on innovation, creativity,
technology approach and keep themselves in sync with the present industry requirements. They
endeavor to support learners to achieve the highest possible goals in their academics and
professions.

During the four week of training at YBI Foundation, I learnt about many technologies. It gave me
learning opportunities in the workplace to receive practical experience in order to improve my
knowledge. This training provided exposure and experience to me in terms of technology
development, effective communication, teamwork practices, policies, procedures and regulations,
professional perspective and reporting. This training also builded enthusiasm and proactive
attitude and increased my confidence to be an excellent coach.
Python is a high-level, interpreted, interactive and object-oriented scripting language. Python is
designed to be highly readable. It uses English keywords frequently where as other languages
use punctuation, and it has fewer syntactical constructions than other languages.

Objectives of training:
a) To expose students to the real working environment.
b) Let’s students see the connection between theoretical learning with practical work.
c) Adopt and comply with safety regulations in the industry.
d) Establish and strengthen confidence in the performance of duties.
e) Instill teamwork and good relationships with other employees.
f) Ability to assess themselves to prepare for the working world after graduation.
g) Raise awareness and increase student interest in the subject selected.
h) Uplifting honest, trustworthy, dedicated and responsible for the tasks assign

8
CHAPTER 2

INTRODUCTION TO PYTHON

2.1: Python

Python is a widely used high-level, general-purpose, interpreted, dynamic programming

language. Its design philosophy emphasizes code readability, and its syntax allows programmers
to express concepts in fewer lines of code than would be possible in languages such as C++ or
Java. The language provides constructs intended to enable clear programs on both a small and
large scale.

Python supports multiple programming paradigms, including object-oriented, imperative and

functional programming or procedural styles. It features a dynamic type system and automatic
memory management and has a large and comprehensive standard library. Python interpreters
are available for installation on many operating systems, allowing Python code execution on a
wide variety of systems.

Scripting Language:
A scripting or script language is a programming language that supports scripts, programs
written for a special run-time environment that automate the execution of tasks that could
alternatively be executed one-by-one by a human operator.

Scripting languages are often interpreted (rather than compiled). Primitives are usually the
elementary tasks or API calls, and the language allows them to be combined into more complex
programs. Environments that can be automated through scripting include software applications,
web pages within a web browser, the shells of operating systems (OS), embedded systems, as
well as numerous games.

A scripting language can be viewed as a domain-specific language for a particular environment;

in the case of scripting an application, this is also known as an extension language. Scripting
languages are also sometimes referred to as very high-level programming languages, as they
operate at a high level of abstraction, or as control languages

9
Object Oriented Programming Language:
Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm based on the concept of
"objects", which may contain data, in the form of fields, often known as attributes; and code, in
the form of procedures, often known as methods. A distinguishing feature of objects is that an
object's procedures can access and often modify the data fields of the object with which they are
associated (objects have a notion of "this" or "self").
In OO programming, computer programs are designed by making them out of objects that
interact with one another. There is significant diversity in object oriented programming, but
most popular languages are class-based, meaning that objects are instances of classes, which
typically also determines their type.

History
Python was conceived in the late 1980s, and its implementation was started in December 1989
by Guido van Rossum at CWI in the Netherlands as a successor to the ABC language (itself
inspired by SETL) capable of exception handling and interfacing with the Amoeba operating
system. Van Rossum is Python's principal author, and his continuing central role in deciding
the direction of Python is reflected in the title given to him by the Python community,

Fig-2.1
benevolent dictator for life (BDFL

“Python is an experiment in how much freedom programmers need. Too much freedom and
nobody can read another's code; toolittle and expressiveness is endangered.”
- Guido van Rossum

10
Behind The Scene of Python
About the origin of Python, Van Rossum wrote in 1996:

Over six years ago, in December 1989, I was looking for a "hobby" programming project
that would keep me occupied during the week around Christmas. My office ... would be
closed, but I had a home Computer, and not much else on my hands. I decided to write an
interpreter for the new scripting language I had been thinking about lately: a descendant of
ABC that would appeal to Unix/C hackers. I chose Python as a working title for the project,
being in a slightly irreverent mood (and a big fan of Monty Python's Flying Circus).

11
CHAPTER 3
DOWNLOADING AND INSTALLATION OF PYTHON

If you don’t already have a copy of Python installed on your computer, you will need to
open up your Internet browser and go to the Python download page
(http://www.python.org/download/).

Fig-3.1

Now that you are on the download page, select which of the software builds you would
like to download. For the purposes of this article we will use the most up to date version
available (Python 3.4.1)

12
 Fig3.2
Once you have clicked on that, you will be taken to a page with a description of all the new
updates and features of 3.4.1, however, you can always read that while the download is in
process. Scroll to the bottom of the page till you find the “Download” section and click on the
link that says “download page.”

Fig-3.3
Now you will scroll all the way to the bottom of the page and find the “Windows x86 MSI
installer.” If you want to download the 86-64 bit MSI, feel free to do so. We believe that even if you
have a 64-bit operating system installed on your computer, the 86-bit MSI is preferable. We say
this because it will still run well and sometimes, with the 64- bit architectures, some of the
compiled binaries and Python libraries don’t work well.

13
 fig3.4
Installing Python

Once you have downloaded the Python MSI, simply navigate to the download location on your
computer, double clicking the file and pressing Run when the dialog box pops up.

Fig3.5
If you are the only person who uses your computer, simply leave the “Install for all users” option
selected. If you have multiple accounts on your PC and don’t want to install it across all
accounts, select the “Install just for me” option then press “Next.”

14
 Fig3.6

if you want to change the install location, feel free to do so; however, it is best to leave it as is
and simply select next, Otherwise...
Scroll down in the window and find the “Add Python.exe to Path” and click on the small red
“x.” Choose the “Will be installed on local hard drive” option then press “Next.”

Fig-3.7
Now that you have completed the installation process, click on “Finish.

15
 Fig-3.8
Setup the Path Variable

Begin by opening the start menu and typing in “environment” and select the option called “Edit the
system environment variables.”
When the “System Properties” window appears, click on “Environment Variables…”
Once you have the “Environment Variables” window open, direct your focus to the bottom half.
You will notice that it controls all the “System Variables” rather than just this associated with your
user. Click on “New…” to create a new variable for Python.

16
 fig-3.9

Simply enter a name for your Path and the code shown below. For the purposes of this example we
have installed Python 2.7.3, so we will call the path: “Python path.” The string that you will
need to enter is: “C:\Python27\;C:\Python27\Scripts;”

17
Running The Python IDE
Now that we have successfully completed the installation process and added our“Environment
Variable,” you are ready to create your first basic Python script. Let’s begin by opening Python’s
GUI by pressing “Start” and typing “Python” and selecting the “IDLE(Python GUI).”

Fig3.11
Once the GUI is open, we will begin by using the simplest directive possible. This is the “print”
directive which simply prints whatever you tell it to, into a new line. Start by typing a print directive
like the one shown in the image below or copy and paste this text then press

“Enter”: print (“Congratulations on executing your first print directive!”)

18
 fig-3.12
Python Code Execution

Python’s traditional runtime execution model: source code you type is translated to byte code,
which is then run by the Python Virtual Machine. Your code is automatically compiled, but then it is
interpreted.

Fig-3.13

Source code extension is .py

Byte code extension is .pyc (compiled python code)

19
CHAPTER 4

DATA TYPES

Data types determine whether an object can do something, or whether it just would not make
sense. Other programming languages often determine whether an operation makes sense for
an object by making sure the object can never be stored somewhere where the operation will
be performed on the object (this type system is called static typing). Python does not do that.
Instead it stores the type of an object with the object, and checks when the operation is
performed whether that operation makes sense for that object

Python has many native data types. Here are the important ones:

• Booleans are either True or False.

• Numbers can be integers (1 and 2), floats (1.1 and 1.2), fractions (1/2 and 2/3), or even
• complex numbers.
• Strings are sequences of Unicode characters, e.g. an HTML document

• Bytes and byte arrays, e.g. a JPEG image file.

• Lists are ordered sequences of values.

• Tuples are ordered, immutable sequences of values.

• Sets are unordered bags of values.

20
VARIABLE
Variables are nothing but reserved memory locations to store values. This means that when you
create a variable you reserve some space in memory.
Based on the data type of a variable, the interpreter allocates memory and decides what can be
stored in the reserved memory. Therefore, by assigning different data types to variables, you can
store integers, decimals or characters in these variables.
Ex: counter = 100 # An integer
assignment miles = 1000.0 # A floating
point name = "John" # A string

STRINGS
In programming terms, we usually call text a string. When you think of a string as a collection
of letters, the term makes sense.

All the letters, numbers, and symbols in this book could be a string. For that matter, your
name could be a string, and so could your address

CREATING STRINGS
In Python, we create a string by putting quotes around text. For example, we could take our
otherwise useless

• "hello"+"world" "helloworld" # concatenation

• "hello"*3 "hellohellohello" # repetition
• "hello"[0] "h" # indexing
• "hello"[-1] "o" # (from end)
• "hello"[1:4] "ell" # slicing
• len("hello") 5 # size
• "hello"<"jello" 1 # comparison
• "e" in "hello" 1 #search

21
PYTHON OPERTAORS

ARITHMETIC OPERTAOR:

Operator Meaning Example

+
Add two operands or unary plus x+y
+2

- Subtract right operand from the left or unary minus x-y

-2

* Multiply two operands x*y

/ Divide left operand by the right one (always results into x/y
float)

% Modulus - remainder of the division of left operand by the x % y

right (remainder of x/y)

// Floor division - division that results into whole number x // y

adjusted to the left in the number line

**
Exponent - left operand raised to the power of right x**y (x to the
power y)

22
COMPARISION OPERTAOR

> Greater that - True if left operand is greater than the right x>y

< Less that - True if left operand is less than the right x<y

== Equal to - True if both operands are equal x == y

!= Not equal to - True if operands are not equal x != y

>=
Greater than or equal to - True if left operand is greater than or equalto x >= y
the right

<= Less than or equal to - True if left operand is less than or equal to the +x <=
right Y

23
 CHAPTER 5

TUPLES

A tuple is a sequence of immutable Python objects. Tuples are sequences, just like lists. The
differences between tuples and lists are, the tuples cannot be changed unlike lists and tuples use
parentheses.

Accessing Values in Tuples:

To access values in tuple, use the square brackets for slicing along with the index or indices to
obtain value available at that index. For example − tup1 = ('physics', 'chemistry', 1997, 2000); tup2
= (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ); print "tup1[0]: ", tup1[0] print "tup2[1:5]: ", tup2[1:5]

When the above code is executed, it produces the following result − tup1[0]: physics tup2[1:5]: [2, 3,
4, 5]

Basic Tuples Operations

Tuples respond to the + and * operators much like strings; they mean concatenation and repetition
here too, except that the result is a new tuple, not a string. In fact, tuples respond to all of the general
sequence operations we used on strings in the prior chapter –

Python Expression Results Description

len((1, 2, 3)) 3 Length

(1, 2, 3) + (4, 5, 6) (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) Concatenation

('Hi!',) * 4 ('Hi!', 'Hi!', 'Hi!', 'Hi!') Repetition

3 in (1, 2, 3) True Membership

for x in (1, 2, 3): print x, 123 Iteration

24
Built-in Tuple Functions
Python includes the following tuple functions −

SN Function with Description

1 cmp(tuple1, tuple2) Compares elements of both tuples.

2 len(tuple) Gives the total length of the tuple.

3 max(tuple) Returns item from the tuple with max value.

4 min(tuple) Returns item from the tuple with min value.

5 tuple(seq) Converts a list into tuple.

LIST
The list is a most versatile datatype available in Python which can be written as a list of comma-
separated values (items) between square brackets. Important thing about a list is that items in a
list need not be of the same type.
Creating a list is as simple as putting different comma-separated values between square brackets.
For example − list1 = ['physics', 'chemistry', 1997, 2000]; list2 = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ]; list3 = ["a", "b",
"c", "d"];
Similar to string indices, list indices start at 0, and lists can be sliced, concatenated and so on.

ACCESSING VALUES IN LISTS:

To access values in lists, use the square brackets for slicing along with the index or indices to obtain
value available at that index.

25
For example − list1 = ['physics', 'chemistry', 1997, 2000]; list2 = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ]; print "list1[0]:
", list1[0] print "list2[1:5]: ", list2[1:5]
Output: list1[0]: physics
list2[1:5]: [2, 3, 4, 5]
Update: list = ['physics', 'chemistry', 1997, 2000]; print "Value available at index 2 : " print list[2]
list[2] = 2001; print "New value available at index 2 : " print list[2]
Output: Value available at index 2 : 1997 New value available at index 2 : 2001
Delete: list1 = ['physics', 'chemistry', 1997, 2000]; print list1 del list1[2]; print "After deleting value
at index 2 : " print list1

['physics', 'chemistry', 1997, 2000] Output: After deleting value at index 2 : ['physics', 'chemistry',
2000]

26
BASIC LIST OPERATIONS:

Python Expression Results Description

len([1, 2, 3]) 3 Length

[1, 2, 3] + [4, 5, 6] [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6] Concatenation

['Hi!'] * 4 ['Hi!', 'Hi!', 'Hi!', 'Hi!'] Repetition

3 in [1, 2, 3] True Membership

for x in [1, 2, 3]: print x, 123 Iteration

Built-in List Functions & Methods:

SN Function with Description

1 cmp(list1, list2) Compares elements of both lists.

2 len(list) Gives the total length of the list.

3 max(list) Returns item from the list with max value.

4 min(list) Returns item from the list with min value.

5 list(seq) Converts a tuple into list.

27
Python includes following list methods

SN Methods with Description

1 list.append(obj) Appends object obj to list

2 list.count(obj) Returns count of how many times obj occurs in list

3 list.extend(seq) Appends the contents of seq to list

4 list.index(obj) Returns the lowest index in list that obj appears

5 list.insert(index, obj) Inserts object obj into list at offset index

6 list.pop(obj=list[-1]) Removes and returns last object or obj from list

7 list.remove(obj) Removes object obj from list

8 list.reverse() Reverses objects of list in place

9 list.sort([func]) Sorts objects of list, use compare func if given

28
CHAPTER 6

LOOP DEFINATION

Programming languages provide various control structures that allow for more complicated
execution paths.

A loop statement allows us to execute a statement or group of statements multiple times. The
following diagram illustrates a loop statement −

Fig-6.1

Python programming language provides following types of loops to handle looping requirements.

29
 Loop Type Description

while loop Repeats a statement or group of statements while a given

condition is TRUE. It tests the condition before executing the
loop body.

for loop Executes a sequence of statements multiple times and

abbreviates the code that manages the loop variable.

nested loops You can use one or more loop inside any another while,
for or do..while loop.

Loop Example:

For Loop:
>>> for mynum
in[1,2,3,4,5]: print ("Hello",
mynum )
Hello 1
Hello 2
Hello 3
Hello 4
Hello 5
While Loop:
>>> count = 0 >>while(count< 4):
print 'The count is:', count count =
count + 1
The count is: 0
The count is: 1
The count is: 2
The count is: 3

30
CONDITIONAL STATEMENTS:
Decision making is anticipation of conditions occurring while execution of the program and
specifying actions taken according to the conditions.
Decision structures evaluate multiple expressions which produce TRUE or FALSE as outcome.
You need to determine which action to take and which statements to execute if outcome is TRUE or
FALSE otherwise.

Fig6.2

Python programming language provides following types of decision making statements. Click
the following links to check their detail.

Statement Description

if statements An if statement consists of a boolean expression followed

by one or more statements.

if...else statements An if statement can be followed by an optional else

statement, which executes when the boolean expression
is FALSE.

nested if statements You can use one if or else if statement inside

another if or else if statement(s).

31
Example:

If Statement:

a=3
b=200
If b>a:
print(“b”)
If...Else Statement:

a=200
b=33
if b>a:
print (“b is greater than a”)else:
print (“a is greater than b”)

FUNCTION:

Function blocks begin with the keyword def followed by the func name and parentheses ( ( ) ).
Any input parameters or arguments should be placed within these parentheses. You can also
define parameters inside these parentheses.
The first statement of a function can be an optional statement - the documentation string of the
function.
The code block within every function starts with a colon (:) and is indented.
The statement return [expression] exits a function, optionally passing back an expression to the
caller. A return statement with no arguments is the same as return None.

Syntax:

Def functionname(parameters):
“function_docstring”
Function_suite
Return[expression]

32
Example:
Def printme(str):
“this print a passed string into this function” print str
return

1. # Function definition is here def printme( str ):

"This prints a passed string into this function" print str return;

# Now you can call printme function printme("I'm first call to user defined function!")
printme("Again second call to the same function")

33
CHAPTER 7

SCOPE OF PYTHON

1- Science
- Bioinformatics
2- System Administration
- Unix
- Web logic
- Web sphere
3- Web Application Development

What Can We do With Python?

1- System programming
2- Graphical User Interface Programming
3- Internet Scripting
4 - Component Integration
5 - Database Programming
6 - Gaming, Images, XML, Robot and more

34
WHO USES PYTHON TODAY?

• Python is being applied in real revenue-generating products by real companies.

• Google makes extensive use of Python in its web search system, and employs
Python’s creator.

• Intel, Cisco, Hewlett-Packard, Seagate, Qualcomm, and IBM use Python for hardware
testing.
• ESRI uses Python as an end-user customization tool for its popular GIS mapping
products.
WHY DO PEOPLE USE PYTHON?

• The YouTube video sharing service is largely written in Python.

• Python is object-oriented o Structure supports such concepts as polymorphism,

operation overloading, and multiple inheritance.

• Indentation oIndentation is one of the greatest futures in Python.

• It's free (open source) Downloading and installing Python is free and easy Source code is
easily accessible

• It's powerful
o Dynamic typing

o Built-in types and tools

o Library utilities

o Third party utilities (e.g., Numeric, NumPy, SciPy)

o Automatic memory management

• It's portable
o Python runs virtually every major platform used today

o As long as you have a compatible Python interpreter installed, Python programs

will run in exactly the same manner, irrespective of platform.

35
CHAPTER 8
PROGRAMS

PROGRAM 1

PROGRAM 2

36
PROGRAM 3

PROGRAM 4

37
PROGRAM 5

PROGRAM 6

PROGRAM 7

38
PROGRAM 8

PROGRAM 9

39
 PR
OG
RA
M
Program 10

40
PROGRAM 11

41
PROGRAM 13

PROGRAM 14

42
PROGRAM 15

PROGRAM 16

43
PROGRAM 17

PROGRAM 18

44
CHAPTER 9

CONCLUSION :

Python is Free (as in both cost and source code).It is trivial to install on a Windows PC allowing

students to take their interest further. For many the hurdle of installing a Pascal or C compiler on a

Windows machine is either too expensive or too complicated. It is a flexible tool that allows both the

teaching of traditional procedural programming and modern OOP. Python programming language can

be used to teach a large number of transferable skills. It is a real-world programming language that can

be and is used in academia and the commercial world. It appears to be quicker to learn and, in

combination with its many libraries, this offers the possibility of more rapid student development

allowing the course to be made more challenging and varied and most importantly, its clean syntax

offers increased understanding & enjoyment for students.

45
REFERENCES

[1].Yashwant Kanetkar, Aditya Kanetkar’s “Let us Python”, 3 rd edition (11 January 2021); BPB
Publication.
[2].All About Python - https://www.w3schools.com/python/

[3].YBI Foundation website- https://www.ybifoundation.org

[4]. Geeks for geeks website - https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/python-programming-language/

[5]. Wikipedia links - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Python_(programming_language)

46