Ethanol

Certificate
This is to certify that the project work entitled

“Preparation of ethanol by the process of fermentation
of starch present in barley” submitted for the partial
fulfillment of XII science practical examination in subject
of Biology, embodies a record of the original study
carried out by Miss Mahima Suthar under my
supervision.
This project in my opinion is complete & fulfils all

the essential requirements suitable for presentation.
PRINCIPAL Mrs. Vidhya Pathak

Central Academy Sr. Sec. HEAD
School DEPT. OF BIOLOGY
Udaipur (Raj) ST. PAUL’S SEN. SEC.
SCHOOL
1
CONTENTS
1. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
2. AIM
3. INTRODUCTION
4. MATERIAL REQUIRED
5. CHEMICALS REQUIRED
6. THEORY
7. REACTION INVOLVED
8. PROCEDURE
9. OBSERVATIONS
10. DIAGRAM
11. TEST FOR THE PRESENCE OF
ALCOHOLIC GROUP
12. PRECAUTIONS
13. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ETHANOL
2
14. USES OF ETHANOL
15. HARMFULL EFFECTS OF ETHANOL
16. BIBILIOGRAPHY
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
As mentioned in the syllabus for CBSE class

XIIth, I have to do of project of my own choice. The
selection of this project is a part of my school
curriculum. I selected the project entitled
“Preparation of ethanol by the process of
fermentation of starch present in barley.”
My sincere thanks go to
Mrs.Vidhya Pathak, Head Dept. of Biology who
directed and helped me to do this project
successfully. I am submitting this copy of my
project record as the practical evidence of my work
in Biology laboratory.
3
INTRODUCTION
The process of slow breaking down of starch into
smaller molecules with the formation of carbon di oxide,
in presence of enzymes is called “fermentation”.
Ethyl alcohol is a product of fermentation. It is
manufactured by fermentation of maltose which is
obtained from starch in Barley.
Fermentation is invariable carried out in presence of
enzymes which are complex Nitrogenous non living
organic substance present in living matter.
The scheme for the formation of ethanol by the
process of fermentation is as follows:-
4
Glycolysis CO2
Glucose Pyruvate Acetaldehyde

ee
Ethanol
5
AIM:-
Preparation of ethanol by the process of
fermentation of starch present in Barley.
MATERIAL REQUIRED:-
Conical flask, Cork with Hole, A bent delivery
Tube, Burner, Beakers.
CHEMICALS REQUIRED:-
Barley Grains, Yeast, Sodium Metal, Acetic Acid,
Acetyl Chloride, Conc. H2SO4
THEORY:-
In preparation of ethanol or Ethyl Alcohol
substances containing starch like Barley are used for
Fermentation. It is carried out at 30-40º C. For
fermentation of starch dilute solution of crushed Barley is
mixed with Yeast . Yeast cell have Enzymes like Maltase,
Zymase. Diastase converts starch into sugar which is
finally converted to Ethanol and Carbon di oxide by the
action of Zymase.
6
REACTION INVOLVED:-
Starch + Water DIASTASE Sugar
Sugar + Water MALTASE Glucose
Glucose ZYMASE Ethanol + CO2
PROCEDURE:-
{FERMENTATION OF STARCH }
1). Barley Grains are smashed and treated with hot

water then filtered to extract the soln. of starch.
2).The soln. of starch is heated to about 50º C with

Malt. Malt is germinated Barley which contains mixture
of Enzymes diastase, which converts starch to sugar.
3). The liquid is cooled to 35º C and Yeast which

contain maltase is added so that sugar is converted to
Glucose.
4). Few drops of oil is covered over the surface of

liquid so as to prevent contact of air.
5).The cork having delivery tube is mounted over

the flask.
6). The other end of the delivery tube is dipped in

the lime water in the beaker.
7
7).Place the flask in lime water (37ºC to 38ºC) in
another beaker.
PRECAUTIONS:-
1). The vessel used should allow escape of carbon

dioxide but does not allows the entrance of air ( oxygen )
which will oxidize ethanol to acetic acid.
2). Vessels used should be washed properly for
better result.
3). Temperature should be maintained between 30-
40ºC for the better result.
DIAGRAM:-
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ETHANOL:-

1). Ethanol is a colorless liquid having a pleasant
smell.
2). Its boiling point is about 78º C.
3). It is completely miscible in water in all
proportions.
8
4). It does not change colour of litmus, it show its
neutral nature.
OBSERVATIONS:-
1). The lime water in the beaker turns white
indicating the evolution of carbon dioxide from the flask.
2)The level of lime water in the beaker does not rise,

showing that there is no decline in the volume of gas in
the test tube and thus no utilization of Oxygen by Yeast.
3). When the cork is opened, there is a smell of

alcohol indicating the formation of Ethanol.
Thus the liquid in the flask is used for analyzing the

presence of Ethanol.
TEST FOR THE PRESAENCE OF ALCOHOLIC

GROUP:-
1). “Sodium metal test”:-
To the liquid add a small piece of sodium metal.
A brisk effervescence due to evolution of hydrogen
gas indicates the presence of alcoholic group.
2). “Ester test”:-

To the given liquid add acetic acid.
A fruity smell due to formation of ester indicates the
presence of alcoholic group.
3). “Acetyl chloride test”:-

To the given liquid add acetyl chloride.
Outcome of pungent smelling gas indicates the
presence of alcoholic group.
9
USES OF ETHANOL:-
1). It is the main constituent of beverages such as :
Wine -10-20% of Ethanol
Beer -3-6% of Ethanol
Whisky – 50% of Ethanol
2). It is used as antifreezer for lowering freezing

point of water in winter.
3).It is used as solvent for dyes, drugs etc.
4).It is used as fuel in spirit lamp.
5).It is used as tinctures and drugs.
6). It is used for making perfumes and cosmetics.
7). It is used for the preparation of ether, chloroform,

acetic acid etc.
HARMFUL EFFECT OF ALCOHOL:-

1). Alcohol is highly addictive, making constant use
of it run the risk of becoming alcoholics.
2). An alcoholic ruins his home and social life.
3),Aalcohol affects the nervous system.
4). It irritates the stomach and causes lever damage.
5). It affects the neuromuscular control system and

decision taking capacity.
10
BIBLIOGRAPHY:-
ABC of Biology
- B.B. Arora & A. K. Subharwal
Science for Class Xth

- Verma & Verma
Comprehensive Practical Chemistry

-N.K. Verma and B.K. Vermani
NCERT Text book for Biology

- Class XIIth
11

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Certificate

This is to certify that the project work entitled

This project in my opinion is complete & fulfils all

PRINCIPAL Mrs. Vidhya Pathak

As mentioned in the syllabus for CBSE class

Glucose Pyruvate Acetaldehyde

Sugar + Water MALTASE Glucose

Glucose ZYMASE Ethanol + CO2

1). Barley Grains are smashed and treated with hot

2).The soln. of starch is heated to about 50º C with

3). The liquid is cooled to 35º C and Yeast which

4). Few drops of oil is covered over the surface of

5).The cork having delivery tube is mounted over

6). The other end of the delivery tube is dipped in

1). The vessel used should allow escape of carbon

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ETHANOL:-

2)The level of lime water in the beaker does not rise,

3). When the cork is opened, there is a smell of

Thus the liquid in the flask is used for analyzing the

TEST FOR THE PRESAENCE OF ALCOHOLIC

2). “Ester test”:-

3). “Acetyl chloride test”:-

2). It is used as antifreezer for lowering freezing

3).It is used as solvent for dyes, drugs etc.

4).It is used as fuel in spirit lamp.

5).It is used as tinctures and drugs.

6). It is used for making perfumes and cosmetics.

7). It is used for the preparation of ether, chloroform,

HARMFUL EFFECT OF ALCOHOL:-

2). An alcoholic ruins his home and social life.

3),Aalcohol affects the nervous system.

4). It irritates the stomach and causes lever damage.

5). It affects the neuromuscular control system and

Science for Class Xth

Comprehensive Practical Chemistry

NCERT Text book for Biology

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