7 - Control Valve Characteristics
7 - Control Valve Characteristics
7 - Control Valve Characteristics
Where,
Q0 = Flow at constant drop at zero stroke, R = Flow range of valve, maximum to minimum
at constant drop, ymax = maximum rated valve opening.
QUICK OPENING VALVE: Flow increases rapidly with initial travel reaching near its
maximum at a low lift. It is generally not defined mathematically.
VALVE ACTIONS AND ACTUATOR MECHANISM:
Q = K ∆P
The correction factor K in above equation allows selection of proper size of valve to
accommodate the rate of flow that the system must support. This correction factor is called as
valve coefficient and is used in valve sizing.
Valve coefficient
G
C v = 1.16 × Q × (In SI units)
∆P
Where G is specific gravity of liquid, Q flow in m3/h, ∆P pressure drop in bar.
PROCEDURE:
1) Start up the set up. Open the flow regulating valve of the control valve to be studied
(Linear/ Equal%/quick opening). Open the respective hose cock for pressure indication.
(Close the flow regulating valves and hose cocks of other control valves).
CALCULATIONS:
G
C v = 1.16 × Q ×
∆P
where, Q = Flow (m3/h)= Q in LPH/1000
∆P = Pressure drop across valve (bar)= ∆P in mm of H2OX1.013/(10.33X103).
G = Specific gravity = 1 for water.
CONCLUSIONS:
Installed characteristics:
The Inherent characteristics of the valves described are subject to distortion due to
variations in pressure drop with flow. Line resistance distorts linear characteristics towards
that of quick opening valve and equal% to that of linear.
PROCEDURE:
1) Start up the set up. Open the flow regulating valve of the control valve to be studied
(Linear/ Equal%/quick opening). Open the respective hose cock for pressure indication.
(Close the flow regulating valves and hose cocks of other control valves.)
2) Ensure that pressure regulator outlet is connected to the valve actuator of the control valve
under study. Keep the control valve fully open by adjusting air regulator.
G
C v = 1.16 × Q ×
∆P
where, Q = Flow (m3/h)= Q in LPH/1000
∆P = Pressure drop across valve (bar)= ∆P in mm of H2OX1.013/(10.33X103).
G = Specific gravity = 1 for water.
CONCLUSIONS:
1. The inherent valve characteristics plotted for each valve fairly tallies with theoretical valve
characteristics.
2. Inherent characteristics of control valve can also be studied by keeping constant pressure
drop across the control valve.
a. Keep the valve fully open and adjust the flow rate. (400 LPH for linear/equal%
valve or 600 LPH for quick opening valve). Note the pressure drop.
b. Gradually close the control valve in steps of 4mm of stem travel. The pressure
drop across the valve increases. Manipulate flow rates to maintain pressure drop
constant. Note the flow rates.
3. Plot the graph of flow versus lift. Note that the nature of the graph is same as inherent
valve characteristics.
Installed characteristics:
The Installed characteristics of the valves described are subject to distortion due to
variations in pressure drop with flow. Line resistance distorts linear characteristics towards
that of quick opening valve and equal% to that of linear.
PROCEDURE:
1) Start up the set up. Open the flow regulating valve of the control valve to be studied
(Linear/ Equal%/quick opening). Open the respective hose cock for pressure indication.
(Close the flow regulating valves and hose cocks of other control valves.)
2) Ensure that pressure regulator outlet is connected to the valve actuator of the control valve
under study. Keep the control valve fully open by adjusting air regulator.
Plot the graph of flow versus lift to obtain installed characteristic of the control valves.
CONCLUSIONS:
1. Installed characteristics of linear valve slightly approaches to the characteristic of quick
opening valve because of the pipe friction and other resistance to the flow.
2. Installed characteristics of equal % valve approaches to the characteristics of linear valve
because of the pipe friction and other resistance to the flow.
PROCEDURE:
1. Start up the set up. Open the flow regulating valve of the control valve to be studied
(Linear/ Equal%/quick opening). Open the respective hose cock for pressure indication.
(Close the flow regulating valves and hose cocks of other control valves.)
2. Ensure that pressure regulator outlet is connected to the valve actuator of the control valve
under study. Keep the control valve fully open by adjusting air regulator.
3. Adjust the regulating valve and set the flow rate. (Set 400 LPH flow for linear/equal%
valve or 600 LPH for quick opening valve). Note for measuring flow rates below rotameter
minimum range use measuring jar.
4. Note the pressure drop at control valve at full open condition.
5. Slowly increase/decrease air pressure in the step of 3 psi by regulator to close the control
valve fully. Note the actuator pressure, pressure drop across the control valve and the flow
rate. (Do not try to correct the actuator pressure by reversing the regulator direction if it
inadvertently exceeds desired value.)
Plot the graph of actuator pressure versus valve coefficient. Ratio of maximum
difference between flow coefficients at same actuator pressure, to that of maximum flow
coefficient is termed as hysteresis.
CALCULATIONS:
G
C v = 1.16 × Q ×
∆P
where, Q = Flow (m3/h)= Q in LPH/1000
∆P = Pressure drop across valve (bar)= ∆P in mm of H2OX1.013/(10.33X103).
G = Specific gravity = 1 for water.
CONCLUSIONS: