UNIT 7: POLLUTION

A. PHONETICS
I. Mark the stress in the following.
Aquatic(2) Chemical(1) Atomic(2) Economic(2)
Botanical(2) Energetic(2) Traditional(2) Terrific(1)
Historical(2) Scientific(3) Medical(2) Athletic(1)
Classical(1) Dramatic(1) Practical(2) characteristic(2)
Technical(1) Poetic(2) National(1) biological

II. Write the words from the box in the correct part of the table, according to the stress
pattern.
historic specific musical scenic electrical artistic logical tragic natural
horrific scientific political comic physical technological heroic magic
global original systematic arrival emotional economical central
critical grammatical academic mathematical

Oo Specific, musical, scenic, logical, tragic, natural, horrific, comic, physical,

technological,

Ooo Magic, global, central, critical

oOo Historic, eletrical, artistic, heroic, original, arrival, emotional, academic

oOoo Scientific, political, systematic, economical, grammatical, mathematical

oOo
oOoo

B. VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR

I. Match the different types of pollution to the pictures.
water pollution soil pollution air pollution noise pollution
light pollution visual pollution radioactive pollution thermal pollution

visual pollution air pollution water pollution radioactive pollution

1. 2. 3. 4.

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5. noise pollution 6. light pollution 7. thermal pollution 8. soil pollution

II. Complete the sentences with the words or phrases in part I.

1. The smoke from planes, cars and factories causes air pollution_.
2. There are many causes of including nuclear explosions, nuclear accidents and
nuclear waste. radioactive pollution
3. can cause hearing loss and tinnitus. noise pollution
4. can be caused by unattractive views, such as power lines, billboards, Street
banners, open storage of trash, ugly buildings, etc. visual pollution
5. can lead to the death of aquatic plants and animals. water pollution
6. can happen when the temperature of a body of water increases; thermal pollution
7. There’s just so muchsoil pollutionfrom the ground that we simply can’t see most of the stars.
8. The ever-increasing use of Chemicals such as pesticides and fertilizers is one of the main
factors causing air pollution.

III. Complete the sentences with the words from the box.
aquatic radioactive contaminated poison pollutant
dumped sewage untreated dead effects
1. Sewage or wastewater should be treated before it is discharged into the river or ocean.
2. More and more waste and poison are poured into the water, the soil and the air.
3. Theradioactive_ material is stored in a special radiation-proof Container.
4. Oil spills can cause the death of aquatic animals such as fish.
5. untreated_sewage can spread disease and contaminate drinking water sources.
6. Cholera is transmitted throughcontaminatedwater
7. The health Effects of air pollution include heart disease, lung cancer, and asthma.
8. Carbon dioxide is a dangerous air pollutant .
9. Over 150,000 tonnes of waste are dumped annually along the coastline.
10. Up to 100.000 fish were found dead _ along the river last week.

IV. Underline the right option.

The planet’s water reserves are constantly polluted by waste from agriculture,
industries, and (1) sewage / sewers / sewing. Since water is always circulating through

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the environment, it transports the (2) pollution / polluted / pollutants it contains from one
area to the next. A pesticide that is (3) sprayed / spread / crowded on a field, for example,
seeps into the groundwater, finds its way to a stream, and finally (4) ends up / gives up /
comes up in the ocean. These toxic substances harm (5) poisonous / aquatic / dead plants
and animals, and also infect the food Chain, causing certain plant and animal species to
become (6) extinct / extinction / extincted. They can also (7) effect / defect / affect humans
who eat fish. Even though (8) dumping / collecting / clearing garbage in the ocean is
strictly forbidden, many countries release their (9) treated / untreated / treatment sewer
waste and dispose of their garbage into the water. In addition to this, more than 6 million
tons of oil are accidentally (10) spilled / littered / floated into the ocean every year.

V. Match the two halves of the sentence.

1. Overfertilization contributes to soil pollution, a. because of aircraft noise.
2. Because there is so much light pollution from b. due to discharge of pollutants in the water
the ground, bodies.
3. Lake, river, ocean and ground water get c. everybody should try their best to reduce it.
contaminated d. as a result of the removal of vegetation.
4. Carbon monoxide is a poisonous gas e. so you only need to apply fertilizer
5. The soil is exposed and vulnerable to erosion once or twice per year.
6. The polluted fog became so thick f. people cannot see the stars in the night sky.
7. Since air pollution is a threat to human health, g. that people could only see a few meters in
front of them.
8. People living near the airport aren’t getting h. that can lead to health problems.
enough sleep

VI. Choose the best answer to complete the sentences.

1. The river water is severely polluted, mostly the dumping of raw sewage.
A. due to B. lead to C. because D. so
2. Sudden changes in water temperature can mass killings of fish, plants, or
amphibians.
A. come up B. result in C. dump into D. thank to
3. Water pollution the death of all forms of life in the water bodies.
A. occurs B. results of C. creates D. leads to
4. plastic takes so long to break down, it pollutes the land and ocean.
A. Because B. Due to C. Even if D. Although
5. Many flights were cancelled the smoke from forest fires.
A. so B. because C. because of D. result in

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6. the garbage dump smells terrible, no one lives around there.
A. Because of B. As C. As a result of D. Even though
7. the grain consumption is rising, forests will be cut to provide more room for
planting crops.
A. since B. Although C. unless D. Due to
8. Grace didn’t love nature, she wasn’t happy when her group went camping in a
jungle.
A. but B. and C. because D. so
9. Thousands of fish were killed a discharge of poisonous Chemicals from a
nearby factory.
A. because B. lead to C. result in D. as a result of
10. the fog, there were no take-oils from the airport yesterday.
A. Since B. Because C. Owing to D. Thanks to

VII. Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use conditional sentences type 1.
1. If the air in a City gets (get) very polluted, it can make people’s eyes burn.
2. If we dump all sorts of Chemicals into rivers, we won’t be (not be) able to swim in them
in the future.
3. Many wildlife habitats will be destroyed if people keep (keep) polluting the
environment.
4. If we all use public transport more, we will help (help) reduce air pollution.
5. If we don’t stop (not stop) over-fishing the oceans, many species will become (become)
extinct.
6. If everyone recycles (recycle) paper, metal and glass, we won’t produce (not
produce) so much rubbish.
7. We will have (have) dirty seafood if we dump (dump) rubbish into the sea.
8. If global warming continues (continue), temperatures will rise (rise) even higher.
9. If light pollution_keeps (keep) growing, you won’t be (not be) able to see even the Big
Dipper at night.
10. We will threaten (threaten) our own
existence if we won’t cut down (not cut down) the waste
rapidly. don't cut down

VIII. Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use conditional sentences type 2.
1. If people weren’t (not be) so careless, Earth wouldn’t be in danger.
2. The amount of waste would decrease (decrease) if people started to buy reusable packages.
3. Many fish wouldn’t die if factories didn’t dump (not dump) so many Chemicals
into rivers and oceans.
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4. If people stopped using cars completely, there would be (be) much less pollution.
5. If people bought (buy) more recycled paper, there wouldn’t be so much waste.
6. If we didn’t bury (not bury) Chemical
waste underground, we wouldn’t pollute _ (not pollute)
fresh water supplies.
7. Pollution wouldn’t be (not be) such an issue if governments and common people really
cared _ (care).
8. What would happen _ (happen) if the whole world
was_ (be) full of pollution?
9. If people paid (pay) a little more attention to the environment, the Earth_ would be
(be) greenerll.
10. If people no longer polluted (pollute) the atmosphere, the air would soon become (soon
become)
clean again.

IX. Write conditional sentences type 2, using the cues given.

1. What/ happen/ if/ water pollution/ stop?
_
2. We/ be/ happy/ if/ air pollution/ the world/ be/ a/ better place?
_
3. If/ there/ be/ no more pollution/ the world/ be/ a better place?
_
4. If/I/ be/ you/I/ take/ these bottles/ the bottle bank.
_
5. If/ people/ not really care/ the environment/ they/ not try/ save it.
_
6. The river/ not be/ so polluted/ if/ factories/ not dump/ waste/ it.
_
7. We/ be/ less worried/ if/ oil spills/ not have/ such destructive effects.
_
8. If/ we/ destroy/ the ozone layer/ what/ save/ us/ the UV rays?
_

X. Complete the passage with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
The problem of global warming would improve if we all (1) _ (do) something
to reduce it! For example, if we all (2) (turn off) our mobile phone chargers at
night, we’d save a lot of energy. And we (save) a lot of water if we all (4)
_ (turn off) the tap when cleaning our teeth. If we (5) (recycle) more, less
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rubbish (6) _ (go) to landfill sites. And if we (7) _ (cycle) more, our parents
(8) (not need) to use their cars so often. Let’s make a difference!

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XI. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
1. If we don’t recycle (not recycle) paper now, we’ll need to cut down more trees in the future.
2. If the local people had (have) fresh water, they wouldn’t have to use polluted water.
3. What would happen (happen) if radioactive material was not handled properly?
4. If we recycle more household waste, there will be (be) less damage to the environment.
5. If we didn’t understand (not understand) environmental problems, we would not
be able to do anything about them.
6. If the polar ice-caps melted completely, Sea levels worldwide would rise (rise)
about 60 metres.
7. The amount of plastic in the ocean will increase (increase) if we
don’t take (not take) action now.
8. These fish wouln’t die (not die) if the factory didn’t dump
(not dump) its toxic waste into the river.
9. There won’t be _ (not be) enough oxygen if we don’t
protect (not protect) the rainforests.
10. If I were _ (be) the President, I would ban _ (ban) billboards in cities in order to
reduce visual pollution.

XII. Use the correct form of the word given to complete each sentence.
1. It’s evidence that this ocean is clean and environmentally . (pollute)
2. Diseases are primarily due to food and air. (contaminate)
3. While some Chemicals may be harmless others can cause _. (damage)
4. Life expectancy has gone down due to diseases caused by air pollution. (die)
5. In remote regions, the air is pure and the crops are free of _ insecticides. (poison)
6. Some scientists warn that light damages people and animals. (pollute)
7. Many Chemicals have a _ effect on the environment. (damage)
8. The dumping of I sewage into the sea is a source of ocean pollution. (treat)
9. A _ is a substance that makes something dirty, polluted, or poisonous.
(contaminate)
10. Water pollution can lead to the _ of aquatic plants and animals. (die)

XIII. Underline the correct preposition in each of the following sentences.

1. Water pollution can be harmful at / to fish and animals that live along the river.
2. Using drinking water to water the garden is a waste from / of natural resources.
3. Ways must be found to prevent the poisonous gases on / from polluting the air.
4. Textile factories dump tonnes of toxic waste into / at the Citarum River.
5. She’s come up to / with amazing new ideas to help protect the environment.
6. Noise pollution can have harmful effects on / in human health.
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7. The overuse of pesticides causes damage in / to the environment.
8. Too much of light pollution results in / of increase in the energy consumption.
9. The river has been polluted with / from toxic waste from local factories.
10. Children should be aware at / of the environmental issues we’re facing.

C. SPEAKING
I. Make questions for the underlined words.
1.
Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies, such as lakes, rivers and oceans.
2.
The river water is heavily contaminated because of toxic waste dumping.
3.
There are five major types of pollution.
4.
If I were the President, I would ban cars from city centres.
5.
Most of the plastic waste ends up in the oceans.
6.
Death or disfiguration are common effects of exposure to radioactive waste.
7.
Ho Chi Minh City is more polluted than Panang.
8.
In my neighbourhood, garbage is collected everyday.
9.
Every individual is responsible for solving environmental issues.
10. _
Land pollution can be prevented by the proper disposing of the litter.

II. Complete the dialogue with the appropriate sentences (A- H).
A. Because I’m doing a class project on pollution in the city.
B. Too many billboards along the road, open storage of trash; networks of electric wires
crisscrossing each other above the street, etc.
C. Visual pollution is what you would call anything unattractive or visualizing or damaging
to the landscape.
D. It generates distraction, eye tatigues and other psychological problems.
E. Yeah, I know. Not only water pollution, but also for air, soil noise, light and visual
pollution.
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F. Yes, I took it yesterday.
G. Exactly! Garbage on riverside.
H. I think so too.

Bailey: Did you take that photo, Xuan?

Xuan: (1) _
Bailey: Let me see. A photo of a river... but it looks like you want to capture the garbage.
Xuan: (2) _
Bailey: Why garbage?
Xuan: (3) _
Bailey: This picture is for water pollution, isn’t it? I think you need more.
Xuan: (4) _
Bailey: Visual pollution? I’ve never heard about it before.
Xuan: (5) _
Bailey: Can you give me some examples?
Xuan: (6) _
Bailey: So what are the effects of visual pollution?
Xuan: (7) _
Bailey: Oh, I see. There is too much visual pollution in the City, so I think it’s not difficult to
take photos of different visual pollutants.
Xuan: (8) _

D. READING
I. Complete the passage with the words from the box.
honking loss commonly source referred rural unheard even

A screaming child, TV blaring in the living room, a vacuum cleaner, loud music
coming from a teen’s bedroom: a busy home can be a (1) of constant noise. Once
you step outside, there’s (2) more noise pollution. On an average day, you may
hear your neighbour’s lawn mower, (3) cars, sirens, maybe even ear-shattering
sounds of a construction or a work site-a saw, a drill, a jackhammer. Welcome to the modern
- and very noisy - world. Unless you live in a very quiet (4) area, you are no
stranger to the phenomenon of environmental noise, (5) called noise pollution.
Noise pollution is often (6) to as the “modern unseen plague” for good reason. It
may be unseen but certainly not (7) ! It disturbs us practically everywhere we go,
day and night. And, besides leading to hearing (8) it impacts our physical and
mental health in more ways than one.

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II. Read the passage, then do the tasks.
According to Greenpeace, more than 100,000 sea creatures and a million sea birds die
every year after eating plastic or getting trapped in plastic rubbish. Sometimes, when baby
turtles get trapped in plastic the shape of their Shell changes when they grow. Some sea
creatures make their homes in plastic rubbish, such as the hermit crabs that live on polluted
Pacific beaches.
Every year, the world produces more than 300 million tonnes of plastic! In a minute,
people around the globe use more than a million plastic bags and they throw away more than
a million plastic bottles. Where will all this plastic end up? About 10% of it will be recycled,
and some will go to landfill, but a lot of it will end up polluting the oceans. Experts estimate
that there are already 200 million tonnes of plastic in the world’s oceans, and this will
increase by about 7 million tonnes every year.
Because plastic isn’t biodegradable it won’t decompose naturally, so all the plastic that
we have now in the world will exist forever. That means we’ll need to clean up the oceans if
we want to protect our sea creatures. Better still, if we don’t use so much plastic, it won’t end
up in the ocean! Experts are warning that if we don’t take urgent action, there might be more
plastic than fish in the sea by 2050.
A. Match the words to their definitions.
1. getting trapped a. finish, arrive
2. shell b. make something free from pollutants
3. end up c. able to decay naturally by bacteria
4. landfill d. being unable to escape from
5. clean up e. the hard part on the back of a turtle
6. biodegradable f. a place in the ground to put rubbish
B. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).
1. Plastic rubbish kills a million birds every year.
2. The hermit crabs living on Pacific beaches die because of plastic pollution.
3. Around the world, people use more plastic bottles than bags.
4. Less than half of plastic bottles and bags end up getting recycled.
5. Plastic rubbish will disappear naturally over time.
6. It is predicted that there will be more plastic than fish in the oceans by 2050.

C. Answer the questions.

1. What never decomposes?
_
2. How many tones of plastic are dumped in the oceans every year?
_
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UNIT 7: POLLUTION ▪ Page 14

3. Why do we need to clean up the oceans?
_
4. What can we personally do to help resolve this problem?
_

E. WRITING
I. Reorder the words to make full sentences.
1. of bodies/ directly/ Air pollution/ contaminate/ can/ of water and soil/ the surface.
_
2. trees/ so much/ don’t/ We/ if/ we/ waste/ will/ thousands of/ paper/ save.
_
3. would/ bad/air pollution/ What/ got/ you/ really/ do/ if?
_
4. as/ the death/ Polluted water/ animals/ of/ fish and crabs/ such/ aquatic/ causes.
_
5. went/ more/ less/ to/ If/ we/ recycled/ rubbish/ landfill sites.
_
6. the overuse/ has/ Agriculture/ on/ an/ land pollution/ impact/ of/ Chemicals/ due to.
_
7. much/ cities/ lights/ use/ Too/ of/cause/ in/ may/ light pollution/ electric
_
8. our time/ is/ one/ most/ of/ problems/ serious/ Water pollution/ the/ of/ environmental

II. Complete the second sentence so that it has the same meaning to the first one.
1. I think you should use energy efficient light bulbs.
If I
2. He produced a great idea for our environmental project.
He came
3. Because she was absent from the meeting, she didn’t know the resolution.
Because of
4. I won’t take part in the volunteer program because I don’t have enough free time.
If I
5. We need to reduce our plastic waste, otherwise we’ll threaten our own existence,
If we _

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6. Due to the hurricane last night, I was without electric power.
Since there _
7. People dumped toxic waste Products into the rivers or landfill sites.
Toxic waste products _
8. Air pollution deaths will double by 2050 if nations don’t act.
Unless _
9. As the world’s temperatures rise, the Arctic keeps losing its ice.
Due to _
10. I live by the sea, so I’m really worried about global warming.
If I _

⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

TEST FOR UNIT 7

I. Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others.
1. A. disease B. dead C. treatment D. sneeze
2. A. environment B. billboard C. visual D. litter
3. A. birth B. thermal C. earth D. further
4. A. poisoned B. died C. dumped D. caused
5. A. contaminant B. waste C. illustrate D. radiation

II. Choose the word whose main stress pattern is placed differently.
1. A. environment B. temperature C. botanical D. contaminant
2. A. untreated B. aquatic C. pollution D. electronic
3. A. pollute B. poison C. damage D. illustrate
4. A. presentation B. radioactive C. environmental D. contamination
5. A. permanent B. Chemical C. dramatic D. herbicide

III. Complete each sentence with an appropriate word. The first letter of each word is given.
1. The fish have died because the river water is heavily pollutted _.
2. Health effects from air pollution include lung cancer, and respiratory diseases.
3. Acid rain causes serious d amaged to plants and trees.
4. If the air wasn’t dirty, Nick wouldn't sneeze so much.
5. The main gases that l eed _ to acid rain are sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide.
6. There is a danger of serious contamination from radioactive waste .
7. Hundreds of dead _ fish were found floating in the river near the factory.
8. Untreated _ sewage can spread disease and contaminate drinking water sources.

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IV. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete the sentence.
1. After the accident, many people were exposed radiation. exposed to: tiếp xúc vs
A. from B. at C. to D. with
2. Light pollution has a wide range of negative effects _ I’m human health.
A. on B. of C. for D. to effects on st: ảnh hưởng
3. can cause high blood pressure, heart problems, sleep disturbances, and hearing
problems.
A. Air pollution B. Light pollution C. Water pollution D. Noise pollution
4. The levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere have risen _ the burning of fossil fuels.
A. therefore B. because C. in spite of D. due to
5. If rubbish is non-biodegradable, it forever.
A. exists B. will exist C. won’t exist D. doesn’t exist
6. are Chemicals that are used to kill unwanted plants, such as weeds.
A. Fertilizers B. Pesticides C. Herbicides D. Pollutants
7. There would be much less pollution _ people stopped using cars completely.
A. if B. since C. when D. although
8. Emissions of pollutants into the air can changes to the climate.
A. get on B. end up C. go into D. result in
9. can we help save our environment? =lead to + N/N.P
A. What B. How C. Why D. How much
10. If we care about plastic waste _.
A. why won’t we stop drinking bottled water? B. we would use reusable shopping bags
C. we will throw away plastic water bottles. D. why don’t we buy plastic bags?
i l o v e y o u < 3
V. Choose the underlined word or phrase, A, B, c or D that needs correcting.
1. What will happen if the Earth stopped moving? will -> would
A B C D recycling
2. One of the things all of us can do to protect and improve our environment is recycle.
A B C D
3. Humans can even die if they will drink contaminated water. drink
A B C D
4. Long-term exposure to loud noise results permanent hearing loss. <3 results in : dẫn đến kq
A B C D
5. They believe that water pollution is the large cause of death and disease in the world.
A largest B C D
6. Is the recycling process in itself damaging for the environment? to
A B C D

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7. We won’t save the environment if we stop using so much energy. unless
A B C D
8. One in six species is at risk of extinction because climate change.
A B C D because of
9. The amount of waste decreased if people started to buy reusable packages. would decreas
A B C D
10. Contaminated water can cause of many types of diarrheal diseases, including cholera.
A B cause ( bỏ off ) C D

VI. Write the correct tense or form of the verbs in brackets.

1. It would be better for the environment if more people used (use) bikes rather than cars.
2. If we use less energy, we will help(help) reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
3. Every year, million tons of plastic dumps (dump) into the oceans.
4. A thick smog had settled(settle) over New Delhi since winter began (begin).
5. Noise pollution can be caused (cause) by vehicle, aircraft, and industrial noise.
6. Human activities (destroy) nature at an unacceptable rate right now. are destroying
7. A decade ago, WHO classified (classify) air pollution as a link to lung cancer.
8. If the temperature increase (increase) by a few degrees during the next few years,
we will run into
_ (run into) serious problems.
would happen
9. What (happen) if all the pollution in the world_disappered_ (disappear)?
10. At 8 o’clock last night, I watched (watch) “A Plastic Wave”, a documentary on plastic
pollution.
11. We should avoid buying _ (buy) frozen foods because their packaging is mostly plastic.
12. Air pollution can make people die _ (die).

VII. Supply the correct form of the words in brackets.

environmentalist
1. As an why do you oppose banning plastic bags? (environment)
2. The radiation leak has had a disatrous effect on the environment. (disaster)
3. The water supply is being tested for contamination
_. (contaminate)
4. Heavy metals in drinking water cut short millions of lives every year. (drink)
5. Scientists warn that plastic pollution in oceans will be one of the biggest threats. (big)
6. Pollution is the process of making parts of the living environment dirty . (dirt)
7. If thermal pollution continues for a long time, it can possibly cause huge bacteria. (possible)
8. She became deaf after long-term exposure to noise in the workplace. (expose)
9. Living near a busy road could cause high blood pressure _. (press)
10. Wastewater treatment a process used to remove contaminants from sewage. (treat)

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VIII. Match the questions to the answers.
1. What is the main reason for thermal a. They are non-biodegradable and create an
pollution? environmental harzard.
2. What effect does thermal pollution b. Nuclear wastes from nuclear power plants,
have on aquatic animals? mining and processing of nuclear material etc.
3. How to minimize the water pollution c. Carbon dioxide. It contributes about 55% to
due to Chemicals? global warming.
4. What diseases are usually caused by air d. It affects their growth and may kill off them.
pollution? e. Hot water released by power plants and
5. Which gas is mainly responsible for industries.
global warming? f. Sleep disturbance, high blood pressure,
6. What are the effects of noise pollution? emotional problems and annoyance.
7. Why are plastic bags a big g. Rickets, throat cancer, lung cancer and
environmental nuisance? breathing problem.
8. What are sources of radioactive h. Treat wastewater before discharging into a
pollution? flowing body of water.

IX. Choose the word which best fits each gap.

Many human activities over the last 200 years have been responsible (1)
polluting the air and damaging people’s health. Automobile engines and power plants burn
combustible (2) like gasoline and coal and allow toxic gases and smoke to escape
into the air. Some pollutants destroy the ozone layer, which is the thin blanket of gases that
(3) _ Earth from the Sun’s dangerous ultraviolet rays. Other pollutants contribute to
(4) warming by adding to the planet’s natural greenhouse effect. Still others create
acid rain, a phenomenon that has disastrous (5) on lake and forest habitats. Air
pollution is not limited to industrial areas. Depending on the direction of the wind and its
force, air pollutants may (6) spread to other countries very far from the source of
the pollution.
Big cities like Los Angeles and Mexico City are*often covered by smog, a fog that
occurs (7) air pollution. In 1952, the City of London, England, was enveloped by
smog so thick that people on the streets had to feel their way around by (8) the
walls of buildings!
1. A. for B. of C. to D. with
2. A. chemicals B. means C. fuels D. matters
3. A. covers B. protects C. stops D. damages
4. A. environmental B. thermal C. temperature D. global
5. A. affects B. causes C. sources D. effects

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6. A. never B. even C. ever D. hardly
7. A. because of B. in spite of C. instead of D. due of
8. A. climbing B. walking C. touching D. putting up
X. Read the passage carefully and do the tasks.
There are many kinds of pollution. Air, water, and land can be polluted. Some
pollution is caused by nature, such as foods, forest fires, and volcanoes. People are the major
Cause of pollution. We pollute the air with our cars, homes, and factories. Smoke from
factories and car exhaust makes the air looks gray and smoggy. Some people cannot go
outside when the air is very bad! We pollute the water by dumping garbage and Chemicals
in the water. Plants and animals die because of the pollution in the water. We pollute the soil
with Chemicals and garbage. We harm the land by cutting down trees in the forest,
especially to build roads and new houses without careful planning and thinking.
The only way to save our environment is to think about pollution. How can you stop or
limit pollution? How do we protect our environment? Conservation is one way to protect
our environment. Conservation is the wise use and protection of our environment. We can
control water pollution by not producing as much as waste and by proper disposal of sewage
and garbage. We can take care of recreation land by cleaning up, after ourselves and not
causing more pollution. Carpooling and public transportation will help reduce air pollution.
Recycling is a type of conservation. Recycling is reusing items over again or in a new
way. Recycling can help us conserve our natural resources so they will last many more years.
A. Find the word in bold in the passage that means:
1. the protection of the natural environment _
2. have a bad effect on something _
3. a large amount of water covering an, area that usually dry _
4. sharing a car ride with other people _
5. waste gases that come out of an engine _
6. the process of making air, water, soil, etc. dirty _
7. get rid of _
B. Choose the correct answers.
1. According to the passage, pollution
A. is always caused by humans. B. can only be caused by nature.
C. is mainly caused by humans. D. may sometimes cause natural disasters.
2. What kind of pollution may a car cause?
A. Air pollution B. Water pollution C. Soil pollution D. Light pollution
3. Which of the followings is not an example of soil pollution?
A. Land development B. Waste disposal
C. Pesticide or fertilizer use D. Exhaust from traffic

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UNIT 7: POLLUTION ▪ Page 20

4. How can we help save our environment?
A. Stop pollution. B. Dump garbage into the river.
C. Drive cars everywhere. D. Cut down trees in the forests.
5. How does recycling help the environment?
A. It expands landfills. B. It saves natural resources.
C. It increases water pollution. D. It causes air pollution.
6. What can we do to help reduce air pollution?
A. Walk or bike B. Carpool to work or school
C. Use public transport D. All of the above
7. What is the main idea of this article?
A. The air is dirty because of cars and factories.
B. The soil gets polluted from littering.
C. People cause pollution, but they can also stop or limit it.
D. Conservation is the only way to stop environmental pollution.

XI. Joining two sentences, using the words in brackets.

1. We must conserve water. Otherwise we will face serious water shortages. (IF)
_
2. The weather was awful. We didn’t enjoy our camping holiday. (BECAUSE OF)
_
3. Plastic bags are non-biodegradable. They will remain in the environment for many years.
(SINCE)
_
4. Paul doesn’t think about the planet. He wastes so much water. (IF)
_
5. Water pollution happens. Many aquatic animals such as fish can die. (LEAD)
_
6. The climate is changing. The earth is getting warmer. (BECAUSE)
_
7. We should stop cutting down so many trees. We endanger our oxygen supply. (UNLESS)
_
8. People begin to recycle. They generate much less trash. (WHEN)
_
9. We are damaging the ozone layer. The ozone layer is necessary for human existence.
(EVEN THOUGH)
_
10. Sue is suffering from skin cancer. She was exposed to radiation when she was young. (SO)
_

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UNIT 7: POLLUTION ▪ Page 21