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    osama rauf
    Copper mould tubes are used in continuous casting machines for billet casting. Copper is used as the primary material for mould tubes due to its high thermal conductivity. The inner wall of the tube is plated with chromium to provide abrasion resistance at high temperatures. The length of copper mould tubes ranges from 500mm to 1200mm and is designed based on the required thickness of the solidified shell, casting speed, and machine cooling characteristics. Tube wall thickness varies from 10mm to 26mm depending on the size of the casting, with thicker walls used for larger sections. Corner radii of 3mm to 10mm are used depending on the section size to control heat transfer and reduce cracking in the solidified product.

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    Notes Presentation

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    osama rauf
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    Copper mould tubes are used in continuous casting machines for billet casting. Copper is used as the primary material for mould tubes due to its high thermal conductivity. The inner wall of the tube is plated with chromium to provide abrasion resistance at high temperatures. The length of copper mould tubes ranges from 500mm to 1200mm and is designed based on the required thickness of the solidified shell, casting speed, and machine cooling characteristics. Tube wall thickness varies from 10mm to 26mm depending on the size of the casting, with thicker walls used for larger sections. Corner radii of 3mm to 10mm are used depending on the section size to control heat transfer and reduce cracking in the solidified product.

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    Copper mould tubes are used in continuous casting machines for billet casting. Copper is used as the primary material for mould tubes due to its high thermal conductivity. The inner wall of the tube is plated with chromium to provide abrasion resistance at high temperatures. The length of copper mould tubes ranges from 500mm to 1200mm and is designed based on the required thickness of the solidified shell, casting speed, and machine cooling characteristics. Tube wall thickness varies from 10mm to 26mm depending on the size of the casting, with thicker walls used for larger sections. Corner radii of 3mm to 10mm are used depending on the section size to control heat transfer and reduce cracking in the solidified product.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    22 views1 page

    Notes Presentation

    Uploaded by

    osama rauf
    Copper mould tubes are used in continuous casting machines for billet casting. Copper is used as the primary material for mould tubes due to its high thermal conductivity. The inner wall of the tube is plated with chromium to provide abrasion resistance at high temperatures. The length of copper mould tubes ranges from 500mm to 1200mm and is designed based on the required thickness of the solidified shell, casting speed, and machine cooling characteristics. Tube wall thickness varies from 10mm to 26mm depending on the size of the casting, with thicker walls used for larger sections. Corner radii of 3mm to 10mm are used depending on the section size to control heat transfer and reduce cracking in the solidified product.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
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    Copper mould Tube used in CCM machine for billet casting.

    Casting : the making of an object by pouring molten metal or other material into a mould.

    mold oscillation mechanism

    5. Basic design of mold tube:


    In this section some of the basic and important designing parameters for steel continuous casting mold
    tubes is discussed.
    5.1 Tube material: Due to high thermal conductivity copper is selected as primary constituent of mold
    tubes. To prevent distortion of tubes alloying elements such as phosphorus, silver and Chromium-
    Zirconium are added [16]. The inner wall of tube is plated with Chromium of 0.1 to 0.12mm thickness
    to impart high temperature abrasion resistance.
    5.2 Tube length: Length of copper mold tubes are designed based on thickness of solidified shell
    required at the exit, casting speed and cooling characteristics of the casting machine. Tube lengths are
    normally used in the range of 500mm to 1200mm [17]. The meniscus level of liquid steel is kept usually
    in the range of 45mm to 200mm from top [16]. It depends on length of submerged entry nozzles (SEN)
    dipping into liquid steel inside the mold. A deep meniscus level implies less SEN depth causing
    turbulence in the meniscus and lubrication powder entrapment in the product. It also reduces the resident
    time of liquid steel inside the mold. On the other hand, a shallow meniscus results in maximum distortion
    in the fixation area of tubes at the top.
    5.3 Tube wall thickness and corner radius: The tube thickness is estimated on the basis of its structural
    distortion due to temperature rise and optimal heat transfer. The thickness of the wall of mold tubes
    varies with size of casting. For billet casting of square sections of 100mm to 150mm the wall thickness
    Fig. 5 Analysis domain with boundary conditions
    is in the range of 10mm to 13mm whereas for bloom casting of square sections of 200mm it is 20mm.
    For casting a section size of 350mm x 240mm, 26mm thick tube is used at Durgapur Steel Plant, SAIL.
    Corner radius of mold tubes are given to control heat transfer at corner region to reduce air gaps. Park
    et. al [18] explained that with higher corner radius susceptibility of formation of longitudinal corner
    cracks in the cast product increases. With low corner radius due to off corner thinning of solidifying
    shell the probability of off-corner cracks rises. Normally 3mm to 4mm corner radius is used for billet
    casting up to size of 150mm square [16]. For bloom casting of section 200mm x 200mm and 350mm x
    240mm rectangle, 6mm and 10mm corner radius is used respectively.
    5.4 Tube Taper: Tapering in the inner wall of mold tubes are given to ensure contact between
    solidifying steel shell and mold tube. A shrinkage study of steel shell formed during solidification is
    done to predict the ideal taper. Taper can be single, double, triple, quadruple or parabolic, depending on
    casting speed, tube length and grade of steel cast. Solidification model along with shrinkages is solved
    in a 3D slice analysis domain as mentioned in the previous section without mold boundary to get the
    free displacement at the periphery of casting, which in turn predicts the ideal taper for the mold. Tube
    exit dimension are calculated considering shrinkages to get the final product dimensions.
    5.5 Tube fixation and cooling water channel: Tubes are surrounded by stainless steel jackets and a
    water gap is ensured between mold and jacket by supporting the tube against rivets. The arrangement is
    shown schematically in Fig. 6. The number of rows of rivets depend on tube length and heat flux through
    the tube. Structural analysis of tube with increased temperature is performed to decide the position of
    rivets. In cold condition a gap, normally in the range of 0.4mm to 0.6mm, between mold tube outer walls
    and rivets are kept to allow thermal expansion during casting.

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