C.S Assignment
C.S Assignment
C.S Assignment
CHENGAPALLI
NAME : RITTHI.S
GRADE : 11- A3
TOTAL MARKS :
MARK :
MY GREETINGS TO PRINCIPAL, CLASS TEACHER AND
CONTENTS :
1. History of tea
2. Types of tea
3. Brewing process of different types of tea
4. Advantages and Disadvantages of tea
5. Major tea producing countries
6. History of coffee
7. Types of coffee
8. Brewing process of coffee
9. Advantages and Disadvantages of coffee
10. Major coffee producing countries
INTRODUCTION
We drink tea and coffee almost every day in our life but does anyone think who, where
and how the tea and coffee are made? No, so I am here to say about the beginning of drinking
tea and coffee. Tea and coffee after water are the most commonly consumed beverage in the
world. Coffee and tea are not consumed for nutrition. Thus, by evaluation of the quality of
coffee, tea and their products, flavor, aroma and desirable psychological effects are most
important. The name coffee is used not only for fruits of the coffee tree which is cherry
coffee but also for processing fruit such as green coffee, roasted coffee, instant coffee and
coffee beans as a beverage. Tea is an aromatic beverage commonly prepared by pouring hot
or boiling water over cured leaves of tea plant. It has a cooling slightly bitter and astringent
flavor that many people enjoy. Tea while processing, the purity, absence of foreign materials
and the characteristic flavor and taste of the beverage obtained from the tea are the main
factors of determining its quality. Coffee and tea can generally be recommended as health
promoting additions to an adult for diet. However, consuming coffee at high doses can
increase anxiety, insomnia, calcium loss and possibly the risk of fractures. The dose to which
an individual is stimulated by coffee varies from individual to individual. Adequate calcium
intake may be particularly important for tea and coffee drinkers. Caffeine, a substance which
is present in tea and coffee stimulate human brain and ward off drowsiness is thought to be
responsible for taste in tea and coffee but originally found to be tasteless. It is also used as a
food additive regulated by the Food and Drug Administrative (FDA). Now, let’s go to our
trip to history of tea and coffee.
HISTORY OF TEA
According to a legend, Tea was first drunk in China from 2737.B.C by the Chinese
Emperor of Tang dynasty, Shen Nung who was known as god of agriculture by the people
because he was dedicated to studying of herbs and its effects.
He discovered tea when the leaves from a wild tree blew into his pot of boiling water
which gave a pleasant smell and was immediately interested in the resulting taste of the
brew and he drank it. Hence, gives a delicious flavor.
Therefore, the word chai or cha came from the Chinese.
TYPES OF TEA
There are over 3000 varieties of tea but these are classified by their level of oxidation or
processing technique and type of tea leaves picked. Thus, tea is classified into five main
types.
They are : 1) Black tea
2) Green tea
3) Oolong tea
4) White tea
5) Puer-h tea
BLACK TEA
Black tea is fully oxidized and has a darker appearance, stronger flavor and higher
caffeine content compared to other tea and it is around half the level of coffee.
Black tea is the most common type accounting for up to 85% of total consumption in
the western world.
Often black tea is consumed with sugar, milk, lemon and offer some of the same health
benefits as other tea.
Popular varieties of black tea:
1. Assam tea
2. Darjeeling tea
3. Earl tea
4. English Breakfast tea
GREEN TEA
Green tea is unoxidized tea. The leaves are heated soon after picking in order to destroy
the enzymes that cause oxidation.
This type of processing preserves a high level of antioxidants, vitamins and minerals
accounting for the various health benefits of green tea.
The infusion is pale greenish-yellow in color and tastes light and grassy.
It is best consumed without any additives, although some people may prefer to add
lemon or sugar but not milk.
Popular varieties of green tea:
1. Matcha tea
2. Sencha tea
3. Gunpowder Green tea
4. Dragonwell (Longing) tea
WHITE TEA
White tea is the least processed of all teas. It is best consumed without any additives at
all.
Only the unopened buds and young leaves covered in silver fuzz are used and they are
merely withered and dried.
White tea produces a very light coloured infusion with a mild flavor.
Its caffeine content is even lower than that of green tea and is considered to have a
very high level of antioxidants.
Popular varieties of white tea:
1. Baihao Yinzhen (Silver Needle) tea
2. Bai Mundan ( White Peony) tea
PUER-H TEA
Puer-h tea is a special type of tea that comes form the Yunan province of China and is
known for its earthy flavor.
It is made out of tea plucked from wild trees rather than cultivated bushes and the
leaves go through microbial fermentation by pressing the raw leaves together and then
storing them for maturity.
Puer-h tea can be either black or green depending upon the level of oxidation allowed
in the process.
Popular varieties of Puer-h tea:
1. Sheng (raw) puer-h tea
2. Shou (ripe) puer-h tea
1) POT BREW
The process of brewing tea in a pot can be started by swirling a little boiling water
around the empty teapot as tea likes hot water.
You can even use water to warm the teacups before pouring tea into it. Next, add tea
into the pot and pour hot water into it and stir.
Keep it aside for about five minutes for the flavour to set.
Milk/cream/sugar/honey can be added as per taste once you pour it into a cup.
2) GRANDPA BREW
This brewing method is most popular in China and with this one can relish the taste of
tea.
All you have to do is fill a large cup with tea leaves and hot water (not necessarily
boiling though).
There is no infuser required and you need not even worry about the steeping time as
well.
Just top off the water when the cup is half full.
Large, loose tea leaves are preferred for this method as smaller leaves may over steep or
turn bitter more quickly.
3) COLD BREW
The typical Indian tea has a deep colour, is milky and very rich in flavour.
It’s also steaming hot and needs sugar to balance the pleasant bitter taste.
Begin by bringing milk, water and optional spices (ginger is a favourite, especially
during winters/monsoon) of your choice to a simmer.
Reduce the heat to the lowest and add the tea leaves. Leave it on till you see it take on a
deep tan colour.
ADVANTAGES OF TEA
Antioxidants work to prevent the body’s version of rust and thus help to keep us young
Herbal tea blends have no caffeine and traditional teas have less than 50 percent of what
to nutritionists.
A recent study found a nearly 20 percent reduction in the risk of heart attack and a 35
percent reduced risk of stroke among those who drank one to three cups of green tea a
day.
Those who drank four or more cups of green tea daily had a 32 percent reduction in the
risk of having a heart attack and lower levels of the bad cholesterol, LDL.
Although research on this isn’t as strong, studies have shown an effect have depended
Data from recent animal studies has shown that green tea may prevent bone loss.
Japanese researchers have found that tea can decrease tooth loss because it changes the
pH in your mouth when you drink it and that may be what prevents cavities. Tea does
Studies have shown tea can tune up immune cells so they reach their targets quicker.
However, if you’ve got a strong family history of cancer and you want to do anything
Herbal teas such as chamomile can be good for people with irritable bowel syndrome
because it is an antispasmodic.
Tea is a great no-calorie alternative to water. It provides so many options for flavour
and taste, can be drunk hot or cold and you don’t have to put anything in it.
So, enjoy that cup of tea this afternoon and it is recommended that you should drink
DISADVANTAGES OF TEA
Reduced iron absorption: Tea is a rich source of a class of compounds called tannins which
leads to iron deficiency.
Increased anxiety, stress, and restlessness comes due to the caffeine content in it
Poor sleep
Nausea
Heartburn
Pregnancy complications
Headaches
Dizziness
MAJOR TEA PRODUCING COUNTRIES
The first record of coffee growing in India is following the introduction of coffee beans
from Yemen by Baba Budan to the hills of Chandragiri, Karnataka in 1670.
Since then coffee plantations have become established in the region, extending south
to Kodagu.
Indian coffee is said to be the finest coffee grown in the shade rather than direct sunlight
anywhere in the world.
Indian coffee, grown mostly in southern India under monsoon rainfall conditions, is also
termed as "Indian monsooned coffee".
Its flavour is defined as: "The best Indian coffee reaches the flavour characteristics of
Pacific coffees, but at its worst it is simply bland and uninspiring".
TYPES OF COFFEE
This method is simple and most suitable for making coffee in a small quantity.
The Cafetiere equipment has a glass container with a lid and lip.
In this method, measured quantity of medium Coffee grind is placed.
Freshly boiled water added to the Coffee.
It is served with or without milk.
2. ESPRESSO
Espresso is a produced by pushing hot water between 192oF and 204oF at high pressure
through a bed of finely ground, compacted Coffee.
It contains no milk.
A strong concentration of black coffee made in an espresso machine by forcing steam
through coffee beans under pressure.
Espresso is the foundation for many coffee drinks.
3. TRUKISH
This is an old fashioned way of brewing coffee.
Pulverized coffee beans are placed into an lbrik, then water is added.
The mixture is then brought to a light boil three different times.
Once this is done, the Coffee must be allowed to sit until the Coffee grounds settle.
Then poured into a cup, holding back the foam.
Once, the cup is full, spoon a tiny bit of foam on the top of the Coffee.
4. INSTANT METHOD
ADVANTAGES OF COFFEE
Coffee drinkers are less likely to die from some of the leading causes of death in
women like coronary heart disease, stroke, diabetes and kidney disease.
People who drink more coffee are less likely to get type 2 diabetes.
3. You're less likely to develop heart failure.
Drinking one to two cups of coffee a day may help ward off heart failure, when a
weakened heart has difficulty pumping enough blood to the body.
Both regular and decaf coffee seem to have a protective effect on your liver.
Coffee drinkers are more likely to have liver enzyme levels within a healthy range
than people who don’t drink coffee.
Dark roast coffee decreases breakage in DNA strands, which occur naturally but can
lead to cancer or tumors if not repaired by your cells.
For women, drinking at least one cup of coffee a day is associated with lowered stroke
risk, which is the fourth leading cause of death in women.
DISADVANTAGES OF COFFEE
1. Anxiety disorders
The caffeine in coffee might make anxiety worse.
2. Bipolar disorder
The caffeine in coffee might make symptoms of mania worse.
3. Bleeding disorders
The caffeine in coffee might slow blood clotting and make bleeding disorders
worse.
4. Heart disease
Drinking coffee on a daily basis doesn't seem to increase the risk for serious
complications from heart disease.
But people who smoke and have heart disease might have an increased risk of dying
from heart disease if they consume coffee daily.
5. Diabetes
The caffeine in coffee might affect blood sugar. Use coffee with caution if you have
diabetes.
6. Diarrhea
The caffeine in coffee, especially when taken in large amounts, can worsen diarrhea.
7. Seizures
Coffee contains caffeine. People with epilepsy should avoid using caffeine in high
doses. Low doses of caffeine should be used cautiously.
8. Glaucoma
Drinking caffeinated coffee increases pressure inside the eye. The increase starts
within 30 minutes and lasts for at least 90 minutes. If you have glaucoma, drink
coffee with caution.
9. High blood pressure
Drinking caffeinated coffee might increase blood pressure in people with high blood
pressure. But this doesn't seem to occur in people who drink caffeinated products
regularly.
10. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
Coffee contains caffeine. The caffeine in coffee, especially when taken in large
amounts, may worsen diarrhea and other symptoms of IBS.
11. Loss of bladder control
Coffee contains caffeine. Caffeine can make bladder control worse by increasing
frequency of urination and the urge to urinate.
12. Thinning bones (osteoporosis)
Drinking caffeinated coffee can increase the amount of calcium that is flushed out in
the urine.
This might weaken bones. If you have osteoporosis, don't drink more than 3 cups of
coffee daily.
If you are generally healthy and get enough calcium from your food or supplements,
drinking about 4 cups of coffee daily doesn't seem to increase the risk of getting
osteoporosis.
MAJOR COFFEE PRODUCING COUNTRIES
Ran
Country
k
1
Brazil
2
Vietnam
3
Colombia
4
Indonesia
5 Ethiopia
6 Honduras
7
India
8
Uganda
9
Mexico
10
Guatemala
11
Peru
Ran
Country
k
12
Nicaragua
13
China
Karnataka
Kerala
Tamil Nadu
Andhra Pradesh
Odisha
Assam
Manipur
Meghalaya
Mizoram
Tripura
Nagaland
Arunachal Pradesh
THANK YOU