Socialism in Europe and Russian Revolution

 CHP-2 SOCIALISM IN EUROPE AND THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION
 Question and Answers
 1.What was the impact of Industrialization on Tsarist Russia?
 Ans: * It was a time of profound social and economic changes.
 *New cities came up and new industrialized regions developed, railways expanded.
 Industralisation brought men, women and children to factories.
 Work hours were often long and wages were poor.
 Unemployment was common, particularly during times of low demand for industrial
goods.
 Housing and sanitation were problems since towns were growing rapidly.
 Q6. Write a note on Karl Marx’s theory on socialism.
 Ans: - 1. Marx argued that industrial society was ‘capitalist’.

 Capitalist owned the capital invested in factories and the profit was produced by the
workers.
 The condition of workers could not improve as long as this profit was accumulated by
private capitalists.
 Workers had to overthrow capitalism and the rule of the private property.
 He believed that to free themselves from capitalists exploitation. The workers had to construct a
radically socialist society where all property was socially controlled.
 Q10. What is the Russian Revolution?
 Ans: - 1. The fall of monarchy in Russia in February 1917 and the events of October are
normally called the Russian Revolution.
 Q11. Mention the 2 stages of Russian Revolution.
 Ans: - 1. The February Revolution of 1917 in which the Tsar abdicated his own throne
and the power was taken by Bolsheviks.
 2. In October Revolution the Bolsheviks overthrew Mensheviks and seized the

control.
 Q18. Trace the development of socialism in Russia.

 Ans: - 1. The Russian Social Democratic Workers Party was founded in 1898 by
socialists who respected Marx’s Ideas.
 Socialists Revolutionaries felt that the Russian peasant custom of dividing land
periodically made them natural socialists.
 So peasants would be the main force of the revolution, and Russia could become socialist
more quickly than other countries.
 The peasants formed the Socialists Revolutionary Party in 1900.
 This party struggled for peasant’s rights and demanded that the land belonging to the nobles
be transformed to peasants.
 20. Who were Mensheviks and Bolsheviks ?
 Ans. 1. The Russian Social Democratic Party (RSDP. was formed by George
Plekhanov.
 In 1898 it split into 2 groups:-
o Mensheviks
o Bolsheviks
 Mensheviks:-
 The minority group of Russian Socialist Democratic

 Party .
 It was headed by Kerenski who wanted to

establish a parliamentary form of government
in Russia.
 They favoured the type government that existed in
France and Germany.
 They thought that the party should be open to all.
 Bolsheviks:-
 The majority group of Russian Socialist Democratic Party .
 It was led by Vladimir Lenin and was based on the ideology Of Karl Marx
and Friedrich Engels.
 The group favoured revolutionary method for bringing changes in the social
order and the state.
 The Bolshevik group thought that a repressive society like Tsarist Russia the party should be
disciplined and should control the number and quality of it’s members.
 23. Describe the events that led to 1905 Revolution in Russia?
(OR.
 Write a note on Bloody Sunday event?
 Ans.1. The year 1904 was a bad one for Russian workers.
 When 4 members of the Assembly of Russia workers were dismissed at
The Putilor Iron work over 110,000 workers in St Petersburg went on a
Strike demanding a reduction in the working day to eight hours, an increase
in wages and improvement in working conditions.
 The workers were led by father Gapon
 On 9th January 1905 the procession of workers reached the Winter Palace
to present a petition to the Tsar.
 They were attacked by the Cossacks (horse man in Russian army)

 over 100 workers were killed and 300 were wounded.
 This incident was known as “Bloody Sunday” as it took place on 9th Jan
1905.
 This incident started a series of events known as the 1905 Revolution.

 28.Write a note on events that led to February Revolution?
 Ans. 1.In the Winter of 1917 conditions in the capital Petrograd were grim.
 Food shortage was deeply felt in the workers’ quarters.
 Parliamentarians wishing to preserve elected government were opposed To
Tsar’s desire.
On 22nd February a lookout took place at factory on the right bank of River Neva.
 The next day, workers in fifty factories called a strike in sympathy.
 In many factories, women led the way to strikes.
 Demonstrating workers crossed from the factory quarters to the center of the capital- the
Nevskii Prospekt.
 On Sunday, 25th February, the government suspended the Duma.
 Demonstrators returned in force to the streets of the left bank on 26th.
 On the 27th, the Police Headquarters were ransacked.
 The streets thronged with people raising slogans about bread, wages, better hours and
democracy.
 The very next day, a delegation went to see the Tsar and advised him to abdicate.
 He followed his advice and abdicated on 2nd March.
 Soviet leaders and Duma leaders formed a Provincial Government to run the country.
 29. Who proposed the April thesis? What were it’s demands?
 Ans. Vladimir Lenin made three major demands called April thesis which include:-
 War to be brought to a close.
 Land to be transferred to the peasants.
 Banks be nationalized.
 33.What is collectivisation? How did Stalinism use this program?
 Ans.1. The collectivisation program was introduced by Stalin to solve the acute problem of
grain supplies.
 It refers to join in several private farms of peasants and small sized holdings together so that
they are controlled by the community or the government.
 The public of land and the implements were transferred to the ownership of collective
farms.
 Peasants work on the land and the Kolkhoz [collective farms] profit was shared.
 Those who resisted collectivisation were severely punished and many were deported and
exiled.
 34.What factor lead to the launch of collectivisation programme of Stalin?

 Ans. 1. Acute shortage of grains.
 Refusal of peasants to sell the grains at fixed price.
 Stock holdings by rich peasant and traders.
 The idea of modernizing the farm.

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 CHP-2 SOCIALISM IN EUROPE AND THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION

 Question and Answers

 1.What was the impact of Industrialization on Tsarist Russia?

 Ans: * It was a time of profound social and economic changes.

 Work hours were often long and wages were poor.

 Q6. Write a note on Karl Marx’s theory on socialism.

 Ans: - 1. Marx argued that industrial society was ‘capitalist’.

 Q10. What is the Russian Revolution?

 Q11. Mention the 2 stages of Russian Revolution.

 2. In October Revolution the Bolsheviks overthrew Mensheviks and seized the

 Q18. Trace the development of socialism in Russia.

 The peasants formed the Socialists Revolutionary Party in 1900.

 20. Who were Mensheviks and Bolsheviks ?

 In 1898 it split into 2 groups:-

 The minority group of Russian Socialist Democratic

 It was headed by Kerenski who wanted to

 They favoured the type government that existed in

France and Germany.

 They thought that the party should be open to all.

 23. Describe the events that led to 1905 Revolution in Russia?

 Write a note on Bloody Sunday event?

 When 4 members of the Assembly of Russia workers were dismissed at

The Putilor Iron work over 110,000 workers in St Petersburg went on a

Strike demanding a reduction in the working day to eight hours, an increase

in wages and improvement in working conditions.

 The workers were led by father Gapon

to present a petition to the Tsar.

 They were attacked by the Cossacks (horse man in Russian army)

 This incident started a series of events known as the 1905 Revolution.

 Food shortage was deeply felt in the workers’ quarters.

 Parliamentarians wishing to preserve elected government were opposed To

 The next day, workers in fifty factories called a strike in sympathy.

 In many factories, women led the way to strikes.

 On Sunday, 25th February, the government suspended the Duma.

 Demonstrators returned in force to the streets of the left bank on 26th.

 On the 27th, the Police Headquarters were ransacked.

 He followed his advice and abdicated on 2nd March.

 War to be brought to a close.

 Land to be transferred to the peasants.

 33.What is collectivisation? How did Stalinism use this program?

 34.What factor lead to the launch of collectivisation programme of Stalin?

 Refusal of peasants to sell the grains at fixed price.

 Stock holdings by rich peasant and traders.

 The idea of modernizing the farm.

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