ĐỀ CƯƠNG ÔN TẬP NGỮ DỤNG HỌC

2233ENTH2931

I – NHÓM CÂU HỎI 1:

1. Give the definition of deixis. Identify types of deixis and give examples for illustration.
2. What are reference and inference? Indicate types of reference and give some examples for
illustration.
3. Distinguish “co-text” and “context” and give examples for illustration.
4. Define the following terms briefly: the Cooperative Principle and conversational implicature.
What are the four maxims of the Cooperative Principle?
5. What is presupposition? Identify types of presuppositions and give examples for illustration.
6. Distinguish the following terms and give examples for illustration: locutionary act,
illocutionary act (force) and perlocutionary act.
7. Give the definition of speech acts? Classify speech acts according to Searle.

II. NHÓM CÂU HỎI 2:

1. Indicate anaphoric, cataphoric or exophoric reference.
1. When he arrived home, John went to sleep.
2. I went out with Jo on Sunday. She looked awful.
3. Peter left because he was tired.
4. I can’t believe it. We won!
5. A large grey cat was lying on the stairs, and I had to step over it.
6. If you want some, here's some strawberry ice-cream.
7. After he had received his orders, the soldier left the barracks.
8. If you want them, there are cookies in the kitchen.
9. Look at that.
10. I should have known it: The task is simply too difficult.
11. Once upon a time there was an old woman who had a lazy son. She was forever scolding
him, but it made no difference - he spent all his time lying in the sunshine, ignoring her. His
main job was to look after her goats, but he preferred to sleep in the sun.
12. Mary went to California because Susan did.
13. He may be late. If so we shall miss the bus.
14. This is what I believe: that all men were created equal.
15. Tom may arrive this morning. If so, I’ll be very happy.
16. No one wanted to admit that he might be wrong.
17. If you can find it, I would recommend buying the 1977 Vishnevskaya recording.
18. I've got a pet goldfish, and my brother's got one too.
19. Yesterday he was mugged. Fortunately such things are rare in his life.
20. Benjamin was much more anxious than Lewis, but in the end they both enjoyed the flight.
21. Some careless drivers backed into our car. Such people made me mad.
22. You must remember this: A kiss is just a kiss; a sigh is just a sigh.
23. Did the gardener water those plants?
24. Benjamin, an elderly farmer, was very poor.
25. Benjamin, who was an elderly farmer, was afraid of flying.

2. Identify the presuppositions for the following sentences. What types of presuppositions
do they belong to?
1. ‘They haven’t spoken to each other since their last week’s quarrel.’
2. ‘I lost my watch yesterday at Ben Thanh market.’
3. ‘That her turtle ran away made Emily very sad.’
4. ‘John’s sister has been in hospital for a week.’
5. ‘Could you come to our party this weekend?’
6. ‘This is my youngest sister.’
7. ‘I try to hand in this assignment on time.’
8. ‘Her mother’s death was a great blow to Mary.’
9. ‘The American girl next door is having a party.’
10. ‘Children like all the pictures in this book very much.’
11. ‘The king of Sweden has just left for France.’
12. ‘They searched everywhere for the missing child.’
13. ‘The book you gave me is worth reading.
14. ‘Nobody realized that Kelly was ill.’
15. ‘Ed realized that he was in debt.’
16. ‘I was aware that she was married.’
17. ‘It is odd that he left early.’
18. ‘I am glad that it’s over.’
19. ‘We regretted telling him the truth.’
20. ‘He regretted not booking the ticket in advance.’
21. ‘I imagined that Kelly was ill.’
22. ‘I dreamed that I was rich.’
23. ‘We imagined that we were in Hawaii.’
24. ‘He pretends to be ill.’
25. ‘She pretended that he had understood what she meant.’
26. ‘You’re late again.’
27. ‘The Brazilian team beat the French team again.’
28. ‘I’m not going to let him come under my roof anymore.’
29. ‘I ’m going to change my job.’
30. ‘My sister’s going to change her job. ’
31. ‘I’ve just got a driving license.’
32. ‘Jim wants more popcorn.’
33. ‘She managed to pay her debt.’
34. ‘Can you stop making that noise?’
35. ‘He stopped smoking.’
36. ‘After a while they stopped arguing.’
37. ‘The police ordered the teenagers to stop drinking.’
38. ‘They started complaining.’
39. ‘Where did you buy the bike?’
40. ‘How long has your grandfather been in hospital?’
41. ‘When did he leave?’
42. ‘What do you usually do in your free time?’
43. ‘When did you get your bachelor degree?’
44. ‘How long have you been selling cocaine?’
45. ‘Why don’t pigs have wings?’
46. ‘How did you know the defendant had bought a knife?’
47. ‘Who is going to give me a lift to the airport?’
48. ‘I was eating popcorn when Mike smashed the television set.’
49. ‘I don’t know why I’ve got an average mark.’
50. ‘How fast was the car going when it ran the red light?’
51. ‘It is odd how proud he was.’
52. ‘I wonder how he managed to get the job.’
53. ‘If I had enough money, I would buy that house.’
54. ‘If I had had enough money, I would have bought that house.’
55. ‘If you were my friend, you’d have helped me.’
56. ‘If he hadn’t made such a terrible mistake, we would be very happy now.’
57. ‘They wish they could go on vacation now.’
58. ‘I wish I had studied medicine.’
59. ‘You shouldn’t have seen such a horror film.’
60. ‘Ed didn’t realize that he was in debt.’
61. ‘I wasn’t aware that she was married.’
62. ‘She didn’t manage to pay her debt.’
63. ‘He didn’t regret not booking the ticket in advance.’
64. ‘It isn’t odd that he left early.’
65. ‘I am sorry I cannot find your book right now.’
66. ‘On the occasion of my friend's birthday, I intend to buy her a new vase.’
67. ‘The exam is not so difficult.’
68. ‘She is not happy about the chemistry course she's taking.’
69. ‘We haven't heard anything from Barbara.’
70. ‘Can you stop playing with your cat?’
71. ‘She was not aware that her son had an accident.’
72. ‘The explosion was so loud that it could be heard from miles away.’
73. ‘I wish I had not booked the tickets.’
74. ‘Tom might find the chocolate cake in the kitchen.’
75. ‘You will be amazed when you see the view.’
76. ‘I am so sorry, I am in a hurry and I can't answer your question right now.’
77. ‘She was not aware that it would hurt her so much.’
78. ‘Could you drive me to the airport?’
79. ‘It took us two days to come back from Hanoi by train.’
80. ‘It is going to rain for a long time.’
81. ‘I am going to have a final examination in Semantics.’
82. ‘We are going to be teachers of English.’
83. ‘I think I will pass the exam.’
84. ‘I hope to have a good result for this exam.’
85. ‘But before your encouragement, we would have given up.’
86. ‘I got an excellent mark for my essay last time.’
87. ‘I missed my class on Monday because I overslept.’
88. ‘My sister is going to graduate from university.’
89. ‘I've got a good mark for the exam in American Literature.’
90. ‘I am going to have a new grammar book.’
91. ‘When did you give up teaching?’
92. ‘When did you stop beating your wife?’
93. ‘Fred didn't continue speaking.’
94. ‘What was John worried about?’
95. ‘Bill drank another glass of beer?’
96. ‘Could you lend me the novel when you finish it?’
97. ‘I can't guess when the rain stops?’
98. ‘Please take me to the circus again.’
99. ‘He pretended to be pleased with the gift.’
100. ‘If only you had taken his offer.’

3. Decide whether in the following pairs of sentences, the second sentence is a

presupposition (P) or an entailment (E) of the first one.
1. a. Zaire is bigger than Alaska.
b. Alaska is smaller than Zaire.
2. a. Susan’s sister bought two houses.
b. Susan has a sister.
3. a. Bob ate three sandwiches.
b. Bob ate a number of sandwiches.
4. a. The president was assassinated.
b. The president was dead.
5. a. Mary’s brother bought three horses.
b. Somebody bought three horses.
6. a. John ran a marathon.
b. John existed.
7. a. The President of Polvenia is a bachelor.
b. The President of Polvenia is unmarried.
8. a. Elephants are neither stupid nor ugly.
b. Elephants are not stupid.
9. a. Mickey lives with Bill and Jane who are married to each other.
b. Mickey lives with two people.
10. a. Jane and Mike are going to London.
b. Jane is going to London.
11. a. John managed to stop smoking.
b. John stopped smoking.
12. a. Ken is Mary’s husband.
b. Mary is married.
13. a. My cousin teaches English and French at the community college.
 b. My cousin teaches English at the community college.
14. a. Why don't pigs have wings?
b. Pigs don’t have wings.
15. a. It is strange that the United States invaded Cambodia in 1970.
b. The United States invaded Cambodia in 1970.

4. Identify which of the following sentences will qualify as entailments (Yes or No).
1. “John cooked an egg.” entails “John boiled an egg.”
2. “This is the best film I’ve ever seen.” does not entail “The film is the most interesting.”
3. “I saw a boy.” entails “I saw a person.”
4. “That was an expensive meal.” entails “That was an expensive hot-dog.”
5. “John stole a car.” entails “John took a car.”
6. “His speech disturbed me.” entails “His speech deeply disturbed me.”
7. “We went in a small vehicle.” entails “We went in a small bus.”
8. “The secretary is working on the financial report.” entails “The secretary is working on a
report.”
9. “The boy lost his shirt.” entails “The boy lost his red shirt.”
10. “I met my friend around the street corner.” does not entail “I met him around the street
corner.”

5. Indicate types of speech acts based on Searle’s theory.

1. I'm sorry to hear that.
2. I am a great singer.
3. I am going to leave you.
4. This beer is disgusting.
5. I resign.
6. Sit down.
7. Bill was an accountant.
8. I'll call you tonight.
9. You'd better tidy up that mess.
10. We find the defendant guilty.
11. Let’s go to our place for a beer.
12. Mind your head!
13. How nice to see you!
14. Would you like a cup of coffee?
15. I was so sorry to hear about your loss.
16. Why don’t you take a seat?
17. How dare you speak to her like that?
18. You look lovely today in your new dress.
19. I’d sell it if I were you.
20. I’ll be right back.
21. I beg you to reconsider your decision.
22. I’ll pay you back in two days.
23. We are going to turn you in.
24. I would appreciate it if you went away.
25. I’ve stopped smoking.
26. Goodness!
27. Drink a cup of coffee.
28. I’ve got to go now.
29. The robber might have escaped by the window.
30. You’re out. (Referee)

6. In each case below decide which maxim has not been observed and what conversational
implicature might be drawn.
1. Mary: ‘Did you manage to fix that leak?’
Jim: ‘I tried to.’
2. Steve: ‘What happened to your
flowers?’ Jane: ‘A dog got into the
garden.’
3. Jenny: ‘Mike and Annie should be here by now. Was their plane late?’
Alfred: ‘Possibly.’
4. Gwen: ‘This cheese looks funny. The label said not to store the cheese in the freezer.’
Alvin: ‘Yeah, I did see the label.’
5. Mat: ‘What’s with your
mother?’ Bob: ‘Let’s go to the
garden.’
6. Carmen: ‘Did you buy the car?’
Patricia: ‘It cost twice as much as I thought it would.’
7. Robert: ‘Where’s the salad dressing?’
Gabriela: ‘We’ve run out of olive oil.’
8. Maggie: ‘The bathroom’s flooded!’
Jim: ‘Someone must have left the tap on.’
9. Austin: ‘Want some fudge brownies?’
Jenny: ‘There must be 20,000 calories there.’
10. Alice: ‘Have you seen my sweater?’
Max: ‘There’s a sweater on the sofa.’
11. Phil’s mother: ‘How did you do on these exams?’
Phil: ‘I failed physics.’
12. Paul: ‘I didn’t take it.’
Virginia: ‘Why do you always lie?’
13. Tom: ‘It works now.’
Janet: ‘When did Eric fix it?’
14. Liza: ‘I hear you’ve invited Mat and
Chris.’ Ed: ‘I didn’t invite Mat.’
15. A: ‘What are the Nelsons
like?’ B: ‘They were rich.’
16. A: ‘What is this examination in Semantics like?’
B: ‘It is so easy this time.’
17. A: ‘Did you get the milk and the
eggs?’ B: ‘I got the milk.’
18. A: ‘Did Carmen like the
party?’ B: ‘She left after an
hour.’
19. A: ‘I really like that
dinner.’ B: ‘I’m a
vegetarian.’
20. A: ‘Would you like a cocktail? It’s my own invention.’
B: ‘Well, mmm uh it’s not that we don’t drink.’
21. A: ‘How are
you?’ B: ‘I’m
dead.’
22. A: ‘We’re going to the movies.’
B: ‘I’ve got an exam tomorrow.’
23. A: ‘Are you going to Steve’s
barbecue?’ B: ‘A barbecue is an outdoor
party.’
24. Teacher [towards the end of a lecture]: ‘What time is
it?’ Student: ‘It is 10: 44 and 35.6 seconds.’
25. Policeman [at the front door]: ‘Is your father or your mother at home?’
 Small boy [who knows that his father is at home]: ‘Either my mother’s gone out shopping or
she hasn’t.’