Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter

1. An electron is accelerated through a potential difference of 10,000 V Its de Broglie

(
wavelength is, (nearly) me = 9 10−31 kg )
(a) 12.2 nm
(b) 12.2  10 −13 m
(c) 12.2  10 −12 m
(d) 12.2  10 −14 m (NEET 2019)
2. The work function of a photosensitive material is 4.0eV The longest wavelength of
light that can cause photon emission from the substance is (approximately)is
(a) 3100 nm
(b) 966 nm
(c) 31 nm
(d) 310 nm(Odisha NEET 2019)

3. An electron of mass m with an initial velocity v = v0iˆ(v0  0) enters an electric field

E = −Eiˆ( E0 = constant  0) at t = 0. If 0 is its de‐Broglie wavelength initially, then

its de‐Broglie wavelength at time t is

0
(a)
 eE0 
1 + t
 mv0 

 eE 
(b) 0 1 + 0 t 
 mv0 
(c) 0t
(d) 0 . (NEET 2018)
4. When the light of frequency 2 0 (where  0 is threshold frequency), is incident on a
metal plate, the maximum velocity of electrons emitted is v1 . When the frequency of
the incident radiation is increased to 5 0 , the maximum velocity of electrons emitted
from the same plate is v2 . The ratio of v1 to v2 is
(a) 1: 2
(b) 1: 4
(c) 4 :1
(d) 2 : l .(NEET2018)
5. The de‐Broglie wavelength of a neutron in thermal equilibrium with heavy water at a
temperature T ( kelvin) and mass m , is
h
(a)
3mkT
 2h
(b)
3mkT
2h
(c)
mkT
h
(d) . (NEET 2017)
mkT
6. The photoelectric threshold wavelength of silver is 3250 10−10 m . The velocity of the
electron ejected from a silver surface by ultraviolet light of wavelength 2536  10−10 m is

[Given h = 4.14 10−15 eVs and c = 3 108 ms −1 ]

(a) = 0.6 106 ms −1

(b) = 61103 ms −1
(c) = 0.3  106 ms −1
(d) = 6  105 ms −1 . (NEET 2017)
7. Electrons of mass m with de‐Broglie wavelength  fall on the target in an X ‐ray

tube. The cutoff wavelength ( 0 ) of the emitted X ‐ray is

2mc 2
(a) 0 =
h
2h
(b) 0 =
mc
2m2c 2 3
(c) 0 =
h2

(d) 0 =  (NEET‐II 2016)

8. Photons with energy 5 eV are incident on a cathode C in a photoelectric cell. The

maximum energy of emitted photoelectrons is 2 eV When photons of energy 6 eV are
incident on C , no photoelectrons will reach the anode A , if the stopping potential of
A relative to C is
(a) +3V
(b) +4V
(c) −1V
(d) −3 V. (NEET‐II 2016)
9. An electron of mass m and a photon have same energy E . The ratio of de‐Broglie
wavelengths associated with them is
1
(a) c(2mE ) 2

1
1  2m  2
(b)  
c E 
 1
1  E 2
(c)  
c  2m 

1
 E 2
(d)   (c being velocity of light) (NEET‐I 2016)
 2m 
10. When a metallic surface is illuminated with radiation of wavelength  , the stopping
potential is V . If the same surface is illuminated with radiation of wavelength 2 , the
V
stopping potential is . The threshold wavelength for the metallic surface is
4
5
(a) 
2
(b) 3
(c) 4
(d) 5 (NEET‐I 2016)
11. A photoelectric surface is illuminated successively by monochromatic light of
wavelength  and  / 2 . If the maximum kinetic energy of the emitted photoelectrons
in the second case is 3 times that in the first case, the work function of the surface of
the material is ( h = Planck ‘s constant, c = speed of light)
2hc
(a)

hc
(b)
3
hc
(c)
2
hc
(d) . (2015)

12. Light of wavelength 500 nm is incident on a metal with work function 2.28 eV The de
Broglie wavelength of the emitted electron is
(a)  2.8 10−9 m
(b)  2.8 10−12 m
(c)  2.8 10−10 m
(d)  2.8 10 −9 m. (2015)
13. Which of the following figures represent the variation of particle momentum and the
associated de‐Broglie wavelength?.
(a)
 (a)

(b)

(c)

(d) (2015 Cancelled)

14. A certain metallic surface is illuminated with monochromatic light of wavelength,  .
The stopping potential for photoelectric current for this light is 3V0 . If the same
surface is illuminated with light of wavelength 2 , the stopping potential is V0 . The
threshold wavelength for this surface for photo‐electric effect is

(a)
4

(b)
6
(c) 6
(d) 4. (2015 Cancelled)
15. When the energy of the incident radiation is increased by 20%, the kinetic energy of the
photoelectrons emitted from a metal surface increased from 0.5 eV to 0.8 eV The
work function of the metal is
(a) 0.65 eV
(b) 1.0 eV
 (c) 1.3 eV
(d) 1.5 eV . (2014)
16. If the kinetic energy of the particle is increased to 16 times its previous value, the
percentage change in the de Broglie wavelength of the particle is
(a) 25
(b) 75
(c) 60
(d) 50(2014)

17. The wavelength e of an electron and  p of a photon of same energy E are related

by

(a)  p  e

1
(b)  p 
e

(c)  p  e2

(d)  p  e . (NEET 2013)

18. For photoelectric emission from certain metal the cutoff frequency is  . If radiation of
frequency 20 impinges on the metal plate, the maximum possible velocity of the
emitted electron will be ( m is the electron mass)
2h
(a)
m
h
(b) 2
m

h
(c)
( 2m )
h
(d) . (NEET 2013)
m
19. A source of light is placed at a distance of 50 cm from a photo cell and the stopping
potential is found to be V0 . If the distance between the light source and photo cell is
made 25 cm, the new stopping potential will be:
(a) V0 / 2
(b) V0
(c) 4V0
(d) 2V0 (Karnataka NEET 2013)
20. The de‐Broglie wavelength of neutrons in thermal equilibrium at temperature T is
 3.08
(a) Å
T
0.308
(b) Å
T
0.0308
(c) Å
T
30.8
(d) Å (Karnataka NEET 2013)
T
21. A 200 W sodium street lamp emits yellow light of wavelength 0.6  m . Assuming it to
be 25% efficient in converting electrical energy to light, the number of photons of yellow
light it emits per second is
(a) 1.5 1020
(b) 6  1018
(c) 62 1020
(d) 3  1019 . (2012)
22. Monochromatic radiation emitted when electron on hydrogen atom jumps from first
excited to the ground state irradiates a photosensitive material. The stopping potential
is measured to be 3.57V The threshold frequency of the material is
(a) 4 1015 Hz
(b) 5 1015 Hz
(c) 1.6 1015 Hz
(d) 2.5 1015 Hz. (2012)
23. An (x‐particle moves in a circular path of radius 0.83 cm in the presence of a magnetic
field of 0.25Wb / m 2 . The de Broglie wavelength associated with the particle will be
(a) 1 A
(b) 0.1 A
(c) 10 A
(d) 0.01 . (2012)
24. If the momentum of an electron is changed by P, then the de Broglie wavelength
associated with it changes by 0.5%. The initial momentum of electron will be
(a) 200P
(b) 400P
(c) P / 200
(d) 100P. (Mains 2012)
25. Two radiations of photons energies 1 eV and 2.5 eV , successively illuminate a
photosensitive metallic surface of work function 0.5 eV . The ratio of the maximum
speeds of the emitted electrons is
(a) 1 : 4
(b) 1 : 2
 (c) 1 : 1
(d) 1 : 5.(Mains 2012, 2011)
26. Photoelectric emission occurs only when the incident light has more than a certain
minimum
(a) power
(b) wavelength
(c) intensity
(d) frequency (2011)
27. In the Davisson and Germer experiment, the velocity of electrons emitted from the
electron gun can be increased by
(a) increasing the potential difference between the anode and filament
(b) increasing the filament current
(c) decreasing the filament current
(d) decreasing the potential difference between the anode and filament.( 2011)
28. Electrons used in an electron microscope are accelerated by a voltage of 25 kV If the
voltage is increased to 100 kV then the de‐Broglie wavelength associated with the
electrons would
(a) increase by 2 times
(b) decrease by 2 times
(c) decrease by 4 times
(d) increase by 4 times. (2011)
29. In photoelectric emission process from a metal of work function 1.8 eV , the kinetic
energy of most energetic electrons is 0.5 eV The corresponding stopping potential is
(a) 1.8 V
(b) 1.3 V
(c) 0.5 V
(d) 2.3 V. (2011)
30. The threshold frequency for a photosensitive metal is 3.3  1014 Hz. If light of frequency
8.2 1014 Hz is incident on this metal, the cut‐off voltage for the photoelectron
emission is nearly
(a) 1 V
(b) 2 V
(c) 3 V
(d) 5 V.(Mains 2011)
31. A beam of cathode rays is subjected to crossed electric (E) and magnetic fields
(b) . The fields are adjusted such that the beam is not deflected. The specific charge of
the cathode rays is given by
B2
(a)
2VE 2
 2VB 2
(b)
E2
2VE 2
(c)
B2
E2
(d) . (2010) (Where V is the potential difference between cathode and anode)
2VB 2

32. A source S1 is producing, 1015 photons per second of wavelength 5000A . Another

source S 2 is producing 1.02 1015 photons per second of wavelength 5100 A . Then, (

power of S2 ) / ( power of S1 ) is equal to

(a) 1.00
(b) 1.02
(c) 1.04
(d) 0.98. (2010)
33. The potential difference that must be applied to stop the fastest photoelectrons emitted
by a nickel surface, having work function 5.01 eV , when ultraviolet light of 200 nm
falls on it, must be
(a) 2.4V
(b) −1.2V
(c) −2.4V
(d) 1.2V . (2010)
34. When monochromatic radiation of intensity I falls on a metal surface, the number of
photoelectrons and their maximum kinetic energy are N and T respectively. If the
intensity of radiation is 2I , the number of emitted electrons and their maximum
kinetic energy are respectively
(a) N and 2T
(b) 2N and T
(c) 2N and 2T
(d) N and T . (Mains 2010)

35. The electron in the hydrogen atom jumps from excited state ( n = 3) to its ground state

( n = 1) and the photons thus emitted irradiate a photosensitive material. If the work

function of the material is 5.1 eV , the stopping potential is estimated to be (the energy
−13.6
of the electron in nth state En = eV )
n2
(a) 5.1 V
(b) 12.1 V
 (c) 17.2 V
(d) 7 V.(Mains 2010)
36. The number of photo electrons emitted for light of a frequency  (higher than the
threshold frequency  0 ) is proportional to

(a) threshold frequency ( 0 )

(b) intensity of light

(c) frequency of light ( )
(d)  − 0 . (2009)
37. The figure shows a plot of photo current versus anode potential for a photo sensitive
surface for three different radiations. Which one of the following is a correct statement?.

(a) Curves (a) and (b) represent incident radiations of same frequency but of different
intensities.
(b) Curves (b) and (c) represent incident radiations of different frequencies and
different intensities.
(c) Curves (b) and (c) represent incident radiations of same frequency having same
intensity.
(d) Curves (a) and (b) represent incident radiations of different frequencies and
different intensities (2009)
38. Monochromatic light of wavelength 667 nm is produced by a helium neon laser. The
power emitted is 9 mW The number of photons arriving per sec. on the average at a
target irradiated by this beam is
(a) 3  1016
(b) 9  1015
(c) 3  1019
(d) 9  1017 . (2009)
39. The work function of a surface of a photosensitive material is 6.2 eV The wavelength
of the incident radiation for which the stopping potential is 5 V lies in the
(a) Infrared region
(b) X ‐ray region
(c) Ultraviolet region
(d) Visible region. (2008)
40. A particle of mass 1 mg has the same wavelength as an electron moving with a velocity
of 3 106 ms −1 . The velocity of the particle is
(a) 3  10 −31 ms −1
(b) 2.7 10−21 ms −1
(c) 2.7 10−18 ms −1

(d) 9 10−2 ms −1 (mass of electron = 9.110−31 kg ). (2008)

41. In the phenomenon of electric discharge through gases at low pressure, the coloured
glow in the tube appears as a result of
(a) collisions between the charged particles emitted from the cathode and the atoms of
the gas
(b) collision between different electrons of the atoms of the gas
(c) excitation of electrons in the atoms
(d) collision between the atoms of the gas. (2008)
42. A beam of electron passes undeflected through mutually perpendicular electric and
magnetic fields. If the electric field is switched off, and the same magnetic field is
maintained, the electrons move
(a) in a circular orbit
(b) along a parabolic path
(c) along a straight line
(d) in an elliptical orbit. (2007)
43. Monochromatic light of frequency 6.  1014 Hz is produced by a laser. The power
emitted is 2 10−3W The number of photons emitted, on the average, by the source per
second is
(a) 5  1016
(b) 5  1017
(c) 5  1014
(d) 5  1015 . (2007)
44. A 5 watt source emits monochromatic light of wavelength 5000 A . When placed 0.5
m away, it liberates photoelectrons from a photosensitive metallic surface. When the
source is moved to a distance of 1.0 m , the number of photoelectrons liberated will be
reduced by a factor of
(a) 8
(b) 16
(c) 2
(d) 4. (2007)
45. A photocell employs photoelectric effect to convert
(a) change in the frequency of light into a change in the electric current
(b) change in the frequency of light into a change in electric voltage
 (c) change in the intensity of illumination into a change in photoelectric current
(d) change in the intensity of illumination into a change in the work function of the
photocathode. (2006)
46. When photons of energy ho fall on an aluminium plate (of work function E0 ),
photoelectrons of maximum kinetic energy K are ejected. If the frequency of radiation
is doubled, the maximum kinetic energy of the ejected photoelectrons will be
(a) K + h
(b) K + E0
(c) 2K
(d) K. (2006)
47. In a discharge tube ionization of enclosed gas is produced due to collisions between
(a) neutral gas atoms/molecules
(b) positive ions and neutral atoms/ molecules
(c) negative electrons and neutral atoms/ molecules
(d) photons and neutral atoms/molecules. (2006)
48. The momentum of a photon of energy 1 MeV in kg m / s will be
(a) 5  10 −22
(b) 0.33 106
(c) 7  10 −24
(d) 10 −22 . (2006)
49. The work functions for metals A, B and C are respectively 1.92 eV , 2.0eV and 5 eV
According to Einstein’s equation the metals which will emit photoelectrons for a
radiation of wavelength 4100 A is/are
(a) A only
(b) A and B only
(c) all the three metals
(d) none. (2005)
50. A photosensitive metallic surface has work function, h 0 . If photons of energy 2h 0
fall on this surface, the electrons come out with a maximum velocity of 4 106 m / s .
When the photon energy is increased to 5h 0 , then maximum velocity of photoelectrons
will be
(a) 2 107 m / s
(b) 2 106 m / s
(c) 8  106 m / s
(d) 8 105 m / s. (2005)
51. According to Einstein’s photoelectric equation, the graph between the kinetic energy of
photoelectrons ejected and the frequency of incident radiation is
 (a)

(b)

(c)

(d) (2004, 1996)

52. A photoelectric cell is illuminated by a point source of light 1 m away. When the source
is shifted to 2 m then
(a) each emitted electron carries one quarter of the initial energy
(b) number of electrons emitted is half the initial number
(c) each emitted electron carries half the initial energy
(d) number of electrons emitted is a quarter of the initial number. (2003)
53. J.J. Thomson’s cathode‐ray tube experiment demonstrated that
(a) cathode rays are streams of negatively charged ions
(b) all the mass of an atom is essentially in the nucleus
(c) the e / m of electrons is much greater than the e / m of protons
(d) the ratio of the cathode‐ray particles changes when a different gas is placed in
the discharge tube (2003)
54. The value of Planck’s constant is
(a) 6.63  10−34 J / sec
(b) 6.63 10−34 kg − m2 / sec
 (c) 6.63 10−34 kg − m2
(d) 6.63  10−34 J − sec . (2002)
55. If particles are moving with same velocity, then which has maximum de Broglie
wavelength?.
(a) proton
(b)  ‐particle
(c) neutron
(d)  ‐particle.(2002)
56. When ultraviolet rays incident on metal plate then photoelectric effect does not occur, it
occurs by incidence of
(a) infrared rays
(b) X ‐rays
(c) radio wave
(d) micro wave.(2002)
57. Which of the following is not the property of cathode rays?
(a) It produces heating effect
(b) It does not deflect in electric field
(c) It casts shadow
(d) It produces fluorescence. (2002)
58. Which one among the following shows particle nature of light?.
(a) photo electric effect
(b) interference
(b) refraction
(d) polarization. (2001)
59. In Thomson mass spectrograph E ⊥ B then the velocity of electron beam will be
E
(a)
B

(b) E  B
B
(c)
E

E
(d) . (2001)
B
60. A photo‐cell is illuminated by a source of light, which is placed at a distance d from
the cell. If the distance become d / 2 , then number of electrons emitted per second will
be
(a) remain same
(b) four times
 (c) two times
(d) one‐fourth.(2001)
61. By photoelectric effect, Einstein proved
(a) E = h
1 2
(b) K .E. = mv
2
(c) E = mc 2
− Rhc 2
(d) E = . (2000)
n2
62. Who evaluated the mass of electron indirectly with help of charge
(a) Thomson
(b) Millikan
(c) Rutherford
(d) Newton. (2000)
63. When a proton is accelerated through 1 V, then its kinetic energy will be
(a) 1 eV
(b) 13.6 eV
(c) 1840 eV
(d) 0.54 eV . (1999)
64. The photoelectric work function for a metal surface is 4.125 eV Ihe cut‐off
wavelength for this surface is
(a) 3000 A
(b) 2062.5 Å
(c) 4125 A
(d) 6000 A . (1999)
65. As the intensity of incident light increases
(a) kinetic energy of emitted photoelectrons increases
(b) photoelectric current decreases
(c) photoelectric current increases
(d) kinetic energy of emitted photoelectrons decreases. (1999)
66. In a photo‐emissive cell, with exciting wavelength  , the fastest electron has speed
3
 . If the exciting wavelength is changed to ’the speed of the fastest emitted
4
electron will be
(a) less than v(4 / 3)1/2
(b) v(4 / 3)1/2
(c) v(3 / 4)1/2
(d) greater than v(4 / 3)1/2 . (1998)
67. Which of the following statement is correct?
 (a) The photocurrent increases with intensity of light
(b) The stopping potential increases with increase of incident light
(c) The current in photocell increases with increasing frequency
(d) The photocurrent is proportional to the applied voltage. (1997)
68. The kinetic energy of an electron, which is accelerated in the potential difference of 100
volts, is
(a) 416.6cal
(b) 6.636cal
(c) 1.602  10−17 J
(d) 1.6  104 J . (1997)
69. An electron beam has a kinetic energy equal to 100 eV Find its wavelength associated

with a beam, if mass of electron = 9.110−31 kg and 1eV = 1.6  10−19 J / eV . (Planck’s

constant = 6.6  10−34 Js )

(a) 24.6 A
(b) 0.12 A
(c) 1.2 A
(d) 6.3 A . (1996)
70. In a discharge tube at 0.02 mm, there is formation of
(a) Crooke’s dark space
(b) Faraday’s dark space
(c) both space partly
(d) none of these. (1996)
71. An electron of mass m and charge e is accelerated from rest through a potential
difference V in vacuum. Its final velocity will be
2eV
(a)
m
eV
(b)
m
eV
(c)
2m
eV
(d) (1996)
m
72. If a photon has velocity c and frequency  , then which of the following represents its
wavelength?.
h
(a)
c2
(b) h
 h
(c)
E
h
(d) (1996)
c
73. The velocity of photons is proportional to (where  = frequency)
(a) 1/ 
(b)  2
(c) 
(d)  . (1996)
74. An electron of mass m , when accelerated through a potential difference V , has de
Broglie wavelength  . The de Broglie wavelength associated with a proton of mass M
accelerated through the same potential difference, will be
M
(a) 
m
m
(b) 
M
M
(c) 
m
m
(d)  . (1995)
M
75. If we consider electrons and photons of same wavelength, then they will have same
(a) momentum
(b) angular momentum
(c) energy
(d) velocity. (1995)
76. When light of wavelength 300 nm (nanometer) falls on a photoelectric emitter,
photoelectrons are liberated. For another emitter, however, light of 600 nm wavelength
is sufficient for creating photoemission. What is the ratio of the work functions of the
two emitters7.
(a) 1:2
(b) 2:1
(c) 4:1
(d) 1:4 (1993)
77. Number of ejected photoelectrons increases with increase
(a) in intensity of light
(b) in wavelength of light
(c) in frequency of light
(d) never. (1993)
78. Momentum of photon wavelength  is
 h
(a)
c
(b) zero
h
(c)
c2
h
(d) . (1993)
c
79. The cathode of a photoelectric cell is changed such that the work function changes from
W1 to W2 (W2  W1 ) . If the current before and after changes are I1 and I 2 , all other
conditions remaining unchanged, then (assuming h  W2 )
(a) I1 = I 2
(b) I1  I 2
(c) I1  I 2
(d) I1  I 2  2 I1. (1992)
80. Photoelectric work function of a metal is 1 eV Light of wavelength  = 3000A falls on
it. The photo electrons come out with a maximum velocity
(a) 10 metres/sec
(b) 10 2 metres/sec
(c) 10 4 metres/sec
(d) 106 metres/sec. (1991)
81. The wavelength of a 1keV photon is 1.24  10 −9 m . What is the frequency of 1MeV
photon?.
(a) 1.24 1015
(b) 2.4 1020
(c) 1.24 1018
(d) 2.4 1023 (1991)
82. An electron with (rest mass m0 ) moves with a speed of 0.8 c . Its mass when it moves
with this speed is
(a) m0
m0
(b)
6
5m0
(c)
3
3m0
(d) . (1991)
5
83. A radio transmitter operates at a frequency 880 kHz and a power of 10 kW . The
number of photons emitted per second is
(a) 1.72 1031
(b) 1.327 1025
 (c) 1.327 1037
(d) 1.327  1045. (1990)
84. The momentum of a photon of an electromagnetic radiation is 3.3 10−29 kgms −1 . What is
the frequency of the associated waves7. [h = 6.6 10−34 Js ; c = 3 108 ms −1 ]
(a) 1.5  1013 Hz
(b) 7.5 1012 Hz
(c) 6 103 Hz
(d) 3 103 Hz (1990)
85. Ultraviolet radiations of 6.2 eV falls on an aluminium surface. Kinetic energy of
fastest electron emitted is(work function = 4.2eV )
(a) 3.2  10−21 J
(b) 3.2  10−19 J
(c) 7  10−25 J
(d) 9  10−32 J . (1989)
86. The de Broglie wave corresponding to a particle of mass m and velocity v has a
wavelength associated with it
h
(a)
mv
(b) hmv
mh
(c)
v
m
(d) (1989)
hv
87. The energy of a photon of wavelength  is
(a) hc
hc
(b)


(c)
hc
h
(d) . (1988)
c
88. Thermions are
(a) protons
(b) electrons
(c) photons
(d) positrons.(1988)
89. The threshold frequency for photoelectric effect on sodium corresponds to a wavelength
of 5000 A . Its work function is
(a) 4  10 −19 J
 (b) 1J
(c) 2  10−19 J
(d) 3  10−19 J . (1988)

1. (c) 2. (d) 3. (a) 4. (a) 5. (a) 6. 7. 9. (c) 10.

(a,d) (b)
11. (c) 12. 13. (d) 14. 15. 17. (c) 18. 19. 20.
(a) (d) (a) (b) (d)
21. 22. (c) 23. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. (c) 30.
(a) (b) (d) (a) (b) (b)
31. 33. (b) 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39.
(b) (d) (b) (a) (a)
41. 42. 43. (d) 44. 45. (c) 46. 47. 49. 50. (c)
(a) (a) (d) (a) (b)
51. 52. 53. (c) 54. 55. 57. 58. 59. 60.
(d) (d) (d) (b) (a) (a) (b)
61. 62. 63. 65. (c) 66. 67. 68. (c) 69. (c) 70.
(a) (a) (d) (a) (a)
71. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79.
(None) (d) (a) (b) (a) (a)
81. (b) 82. (c) 83. (a) 84. (a) 85. (b) 86. (a) 87. 89. (a)

EXPLANATIONS
1. (c) : de Broglie wavelength of electron,

12.27 Ao
e =
V ( inV )

Here, V = 10000V
12.27
 e =  10−10 m = 12.27  10−12 m
10000
2. (d): Required wavelength of light,
hc 1240eV − nm
0 = = = 310nm
 4eV

ˆ ˆ
3. (a): Here, E = − E0i ; initial velocity v = v0i
Force acting on electron due to electric field

( )
F = ( −e ) − E0iˆ = eE0iˆ
 Acceleration produced in the electron,
F eE0 ˆ
a= = i
m m
Now, velocity of electron after time t ,
 eE t  eE t
v = v + at =  v0 + 0  iˆ or v = v0 + 0
 m  m
h h h 0 h
Now, t = = = = ( 0 = )
mvt  eE0t   eE0t   eE0t  mv0
m  v0 + mv0 1 + 1 +
 m   mv0 

 mv0 


1
4. (a) : According to the Einstein’s photoelectric equation, E = W0 + mv 2
2
When frequency of incident light is 2 0 .
1 1
h ( 2 0 ) = h 0 + mv12  h 0 = mv12 (i)
2 2
When frequency of incident light is 5 0
1 1 1 v12
h ( 5 0 ) = h 0 + mv22  4h 0 = mv22
v 1
(ii) Dividing (i) by (ii), = 2 or 1 = .
2 2 4 v2 v2 2
5. (a) : Kinetic energy of a neutron in thermal equilibrium with heavy water at a
temperature T is given as
3
K= kT (i) Also momentum (p) is, p = 2mK
2
From eqn. (i)
3
p = 2m kT = 3mkT
2
Required de‐Broglie wavelength is given as
h h
= =
p 3mkT
6. (a, d) : The maximum kinetic energy is given as
hc hc
K max = h − 0 = h − hv0 = −
 0
where 0 = threshold wavelength
1 2 hc hc
or mv = −
2  0
Here, h = 4.14 10−15 eVs, c = 3 108 ms −1

o = 3250 10−10 m = 3250 A

 = 2536 10−10 m = 2536 A ,

m = 9.110−31 kg
hc = 4.14 10−15 eVs  3 108 ms −1
 = 12420eVA
1  1 1 
 m 2 = 12420  − eV = 1.076eV
2  2536 3250 
2.152eV 2.152. 1.6 10−19
v2 = =
m 9110−31
 v = 6  105 ms −1 = 0.6  106 ms −1
Note: Options (a) and (d) are same. So both are correct.
7. (a) : Kinetic energy of electrons
p 2 (h /  ) 2 h2
K= = =
2m 2m 2m 2
So, maximum energy of photon = K
hc h2 2mc 2
=   =
0 2m 2 0
h
8. (d): According to Einstein’s photoelectric equation maximum kinetic energy of
photoelectrons,
KE max = Ev − 
or 2 = 5 −   = 3eV
When Ev = 6eV then, KE max = 6 − 3 = 3eV

or e (Vcathode − Vanode ) = 3eV

or Vcathode − Vanode = 3V = −Vstopping

Vstopping = −3V

9. (c) : For electron of energy E ,

h h
de‐Broglie wavelength, e = =
p 2mE
hc
For photon of energy, E = hu =
p
hc
 p =
E


1/2
h E 1 E 
 e =  =  
p 2mE hc c  2m 

10. (b): According to Einstein’s photoelectric equation,

hc hc
eVs = −
 0
hc hc
As per question, eV = − (i)
 0
 eV hc hc
= − (ii) From equations (i) and (ii), we get
4 2 0
hc hc hc hc
− = −
2 4 0 40
hc 3hc
 = or 0 = 3
4 40
11. (c) : Let  0 be the work function of the surface of the material.
According to Einstein’s photoelectric equation, the maximum kinetic energy of the
emitted photoelectrons in the first case is
hc
K max1 = − 0

and that in the second case is
hc  2hc
K max 2 = − 0 = − 0
 2 
2

But K max 2 = 3K max1 (given)

2hc  hc  2hc 3hc

 − 0 = 3  − 0  ; − 0 = − 30
    
3hc 2hc
30 − 0 = −
 
hc hc
2 0 = or 0 =
 2
12. (a): According to Einstein’s photoelectric equation, the maximum kinetic energy of the
emitted electron is
hc
K max = − 0

where  is the wavelength of incident light and  0 is the work function.
Here,  = 500nm, hc = 1240eV nm and
0 = 2.28eV
1240eVnm
 K max = − 2.28eV
500nm
= 2.48eV − 2.28eV = 0.2eV
The de Broglie wavelength of the emitted electron is
h
 min =
2mK max
where h is the Planck’s constant and m is the mass of the electron.
As h = 6.6 10−34 Js, m = 9 10−31 kg

and K max = 0.2eV = 0.2  1.6  10−19 J

 6.6  10−34 Js
 min =
( )
2 9  10−31 kg (0.2  1.6  10−19 J )

6.6
= 10−9 m = 2.8 10−9 m
2.4
So,   2.8 10−9 m
h
13. (d) : de‐Broglie wavelength,  =
p
1
or   ,  p = constant
p
This represents a rectangular hyperbola.
14. (d)
15. (b): According to Einstein’s photoelectric equation,
The kinetic energy of emitted photoelectrons is
K = h − 0
where hu is the energy of incident radiation and  0 is work function of the metal.
As per question,
0.5eV = h − 0 (i) 0.8eV = 1.2ht ) − 0 (ii) On solving eqns. (i) and (ii), we get
0 = 1.0eV
16. (b) : de Broglie wavelength,
h
= (i) where m is the mass and K is the kinetic energy of the particle.
2mK
When kinetic energy of the particle is increased to 16 times, then its de Broglie
wavelength becomes,
h 1 h 
 = = = (Using (i)) % change in the de Broglie wavelength
2m (16 K ) 4 2mK 4

 −    
= 100 = 1 −  100
  
 1
=  1 −   100 = 75%
 4
h
17. (c) : Wavelength of an electron of energy E is e = (i)
2me E
Wavelength of a photon of same energy E is
hc hc
p = or E = (ii) Squaring both sides of eq. (i), we get
E p
h2 h2
e2 = or E = (iii) Equating (ii) and (iii), we get
2me E 2me e2
 hc h2 2meC 2
= or  p = e
p 2me e
2
h

p  e 2

18. (a) : Work function,  = h

1 2 1
According to Einstein’s photoelectric equation m max = h ( 2 ) − h or mv 2max = h
2 2
2hu 2h
v 2max =  v max =
m m
19. (b): By changing the position of source of light from photocell, there will be a change in
the intensity of light falling on photocell.
As stopping potential is independent of the intensity of the incident light, hence
stopping potential remains same i.e., V0 .
20. (d): de Broglie wavelength of neutrons in thermal equilibrium at temperature T is
h
=
2mk BT
where m is the mass of the neutron
Here, m = 1.67 10−27 kg

k B = 1.38  10−23 JK −1

h = 6.63  10−34 Js

6.63 10−34
=
2 167 10−27 138 10−23  T

3.08 10−34 1025 30.8 10−10 30.8

= = m= A
T T T
21. (a) : Energy of a photon,

=
( 6.6 10 −3.4
)(
Js 3  108 ms −1 ) = 33 10 −20
J
−6
0.6  10 m

Number of photons emitted per second is

25 25
P W
N = 100 = 100 −20 = 1.5  1020
E 33 10 J
13.6
22. (c) : For hydrogen atom, En = − eV
2
For ground state, n = 1 n
 13.6
E1 = − = −13.6eV
12
For first excited state, n = 2
13.6
 E2 = − = −3.4eV
22
The energy of the emitted photon when an electron jumps from first excited state to
ground state is

h = E2 − E1 = −3.4eV − ( −13.6eV ) = 10.2eV

Maximum kinetic energy,

K max = eVs = e  3.57V = 3.57eV
According to Einstein’s photoelectric equation K max = h − 0
where  0 is the work function and h is the incident energy
0 6.63 1.6 10−19 J
0 = h − K max = 10.2eV − 3.57eV = 6.63eV Threshold frequency  0 = =
h 6.63 10−34 Js
= 1.6 10 Hz15

23. (d): Radius of the circular path of a charged particle in a magnetic field is given by
mv
R= or mv = RBq
Bq
Here, R = 0.83cm = 0.83 10−2 m
B = 0.25Wbm−2
q = 2e = 2 1.6 10−19 C

( ) (
 mv = 0.83  10−2 ( 0.25 ) 2  1.6 10 −19 )
h
de Broglie wavelength,  =
mv
6.6 10−34
= = 0.01Å
0.83 10−2  0.25  2 1.6 10−19
24. (a) : de Broglie wavelength associated with an electron is
h h
= or P =
P 
P  P 0.5
 =− ; =
P  Pinitial 100
Pinitial = 200 P
25. (b): According to Einstein’s photoelectric equation
1 2
m max = h − 0
2
1 2
where m max is the maximum kinetic energy of the emitted electrons, h is the
2
 incident energy and  0 is the work function of the metal.
1 2
m max1 = 1eV − 0.5eV = 0.5eV (i)
2
1 2
and m max 2 = 2.5eV − 0.5eV = 2eV (ii)
2
Divide (i) and (ii), we get

v 2 max1 0.5
2
=
vmax 2 2

vmax1 0.5 1
= =
vmax 2 2 2

26. (d): According to Einstein’s photoelectric equation

K max = h − h 0
Since K max is + ve, the photoelectric emission occurs only if
h  h 0 or v   0
The photoelectic emission occurs only when the incident light has more than a certain
minimum frequency. This minimum frequency is called threshold frequency
27. (a)
28. (b): The de Broglie wavelength  associated with the electrons is
1.227
= nm
V
1
where V is the accelerating potential in volts. or  
V

1 V 100 103 
 = 2 = = 2 or 2 = 1
2 V1 25 103
2

29. (c): The stopping potential Vs is related to the maximum kinetic energy of the emitted
electrons K max through the relation
K max = eVs
0. 5eV = eVs or Vs = 0.5V
30. (b): According to Einstein’s photoelectric equation
eV0 = h − h 0
where,  Incident frequency
 0 = Threshold frequency

V0 = Cut‐off or stopping potential

h
or V0 = ( − 0 )
e
 Substituting the given values, we get

V0 =
(
6.63 10−34 8.2 1014 − 3.3 1014 ) = 2V
1.6 10−19

31. (d): When a beam of cathode rays (or electrons) are subjected to crossed electric (E) and
magnetic (B) fields, the beam is not deflected, if
Force on electron to magnetic field = Force on electron due to electric field
Bev = eE
E
or v = (i) If V is the potential difference between the anode and the cathode,
B
then
1 2
mv = eV
2
e v2
= (ii)
m 2V
Substituting the value of v from equation (i) in equation (ii),we get
e E2
=
m 2VB 2
e E2
Specific charge of the cathode rays =
m 2VB 2
32. (a) : For a source S1 ,

Wavelength, 1 = 5000A

Number of photons emitted per second, N1 = 1015

hc
Energy of each photon, E1 =
1
N1hc
Power of source S1 , P1 = E1 N1 =
1
For a source S 2 ,

Wavelength, 2 = 5100A

Number of photons emitted per second, N 2 = 1.02 1015

hc
Energy of each photon, E2 =
2
N 2 hc
Power of source S 2 , P2 = N 2 E2 =
2
 N 2 hc
Power of S 2 P2 2 N
= = = 2 1
Power of S1 P1 N1hc N12
1

=
(1.02 10 photons / s )  (5000 Å ) = 51 = 1
15

(10 photons / s )  (5100 Å ) 51

15

33. (b) : Here, Incident wavelength,  = 200 nm Work function, 0 = 5.01eV

According to Einstein’s photoelectric equation
eVs = h − 0
hc
eVs = − 0

where Vs is the stopping potential

eVs =
(1240eVnm ) − 5.01eV
( 200nm )
= 6.2eV − 5.01eV = 1.2eV
Stopping potential, Vs = 1.2V
The potential difference that must be applied to stop photoelectrons = −Vs = −1.2V
34. (b): The number of photoelectrons ejected is directly proportional to the intensity of
incident light. Maximum kinetic energy is independent of intensity of incident light but
depends upon the frequency of light. Hence option (b) is correct.

35. (d): Energy released when electron in the atom jumps from excited state ( n = 3) to

ground state ( n = 1) is

E = h = E3 − E1
−13.6  −13.6  −13.6
= − 2  = + 13.6 = 12.1eV
32  1  9
Therefore, stopping potential
eV0 = h − 0 = 12.1 − 5.1
[ work function 0 = 5.1 ]
V0 = 7V
36. (b): The number of photoelectrons decide the photocurrent. Assuming that the number
of electrons emitted depends on the number of photons incident, the number of
photoelectrons depend on the intensity of light.
37. (a)
38. (a) :  = 6670 A .
 12400eVÅ 12400
E of a photon = = 1.6 10−19 J .
6670 Å 6670
Energy emitted per second, power P = 9  10−3 J Number of photons incident
Power P
= =
Energy E
9 10−3.  6670
= −19
= 3 1016
12400 16 10
39. (c) : Wex = 6.2eV
K max = 5eV h = 11.2eV
hc 1240.0eVÅ
 = = = 1107 Å
E 112eV
This wavelength is in the ultraviolet region.
40. (c) :
h h
 = −6 = −31
10 kg  v 9.110 kg  3 106 m / s
v = 2.7 10−18 m / s.
41. (a): Collisions of the charged particles with the atoms in the gas.
42. (a) : Electron travelling in a magnetic field perpendicular to its velocity‐circular path.
43. (d): Power of monochromatic light beam is P = Nh where N is the number of
photons emitted per second.
Power P = 2 10−3W
Energy of one photon E = h
= 6.63  10−34  6  1014 J
Number of photons emitted per second, N = P / E
2 10−3
= −34
= 0.05 1017 = 5 1015
6.63 10  6 10 14

44. (d): For alight source of power P watt, the intensity at a distance d is given by
P
I=
4 d 2
where we assume light to spread out uniformly in all directions i.e., it is a spherical
source.
1 I d2
I  2 or 1 = 22
d I 2 d1
2
I  1  I1 I1
or, 1 =   or, I = 4 or, I 2 = 4 .
I 2  0.5  2

In a photoelectric emission, the number of photoelectrons liberated per second from a

photosensitive metallic surface is proportional to the intensity of the light. When a
intensity of source is reduced by a factor of four, the number of photoelectrons is also
 reduced by a factor of 4.
45. (c): The photoelectric current is directly proportional to the intensity of illumination.
Therefore a change in the intensity of the incident radiation will change the
photocurrent also.
46. (a) : Let K and K  be the maximum kinetic energy of photoelectrons for incident
light of frequency u and 20 respectively

According to Einstein’s photoelectric equation, K = h − E0 (i) and K  = h ( 2 ) − E0 (ii)

= 2h − E0 = h + h − E0
K  = h + K [using (i)]
47. (c)
48. (a) : Energy of photon E = 1MeV
Momentum of photon p = Elc
E 1106 1.6 10−19 J
p= = −1
= 0.53  10−21 = 5 10−22 kgm / s.
c 3 10 ms
8

49. (b)
50. (c): K.E. = h − W
1 2
i.e., mv max = h − W
2
1
 m  (4  106 ) 2 = 2h 0 − h 0
2
1
or, m  (4  106 ) 2 = h 0
2
Another case, 2hu → 5h 0
1 2
mvmax = 4hv0
2
1 2 1
 m max = 4   m  (4  106 ) 2
2 2

 v 2max = 64 1012  v max = 8 106 m / s.

51. (d) : The maximum kinetic of energy photoelectron ejected is given by

K .E. = h − W = h − h 0 where work function depends

on the type of material.

 If the frequency of incident radiation is greater than  0 only then the ejection of
photoelectrons start. After that as frequency increases kinetic energy also increases.
1
52. (d): Photoelectric current I  intensity of light and intensity 
(distance)2
1
I 
(distance)2
53. (c)
54. (d): The value of Planck’s constant is 6.63 10−34 Js.
h h
55. (d): de Broglie wavelength for a particle is given by  = = , where m,  and p
p mv
are the mass, velocity and momentum respectively. h is Planck’s constant. Now, since
all the particles are moving with same velocity, the particle with least mass will have
maximum de‐Broglie wavelength. Out of the given four particles (proton, neutron, 
‐particles, i.e., He nucleus and  ‐particles, i.e., electrons)  ‐particle has the
lowest mass and therefore it has maximum wavelength.
56. (b)
57. (b): Cathode rays are basically negatively charged particles (electrons). If the cathode
rays are allowed to pass between two plates kept at a difference of potential the rays
are found to be deflected from the rectilinear path. The direction of deflection shows
that the rays carry negative charges.
58. (a)

E
59. (a): eE = evB  v =
B

60. (b) : Intensity becomes 4 times. So number increases.

61. (a)
62. (a)
63. (a): K.E. = 1.6  10−19  1 = 1eV
hc
64. (a) :  = h

hc 1242eV .nm
 = = = 3000 Å
 4.125
65. (c): If the intensity of light of a given frequency is increased, then the number of
photons striking the surface per second will increase in the same ratio. This increased
number of photons strikes more electrons of metals and hence number of
photoelectrons emitted through the surface increase and hence photoelectric current
increases.
66. (d): According to Einstein’s photoelectric equation,
 1 2 hc hc 1 2
mv = − W0 or, = mv + W0
2   2
1 hc 41 
and mv12 = − W0 =  mv 2 + W0  − W0
2 3 / 4 32 

So, v1 is greater than v(4 / 3)1/2 .

67. (a): Since the emission of photoelectrons is directly proportional to the intensity of the
incident light, therefore photocurrent increases with the intensity of light.

68. (c) : Potential difference (V ) = 100 volts. Kinetic energy of an electron (K.E.)

( )
= eV = 1.6 10−19 100 = 1.6 10−17 joule.

69. (c) : Kinetic energy ( E ) = 100eV ;

Mass of electron ( m) = 9.110−31 kg ;

1eV = 1.6 10−19 J and

Planck’s constant ( h ) = 6.6 10−34 Js.

Energy of an electron ( E ) = 100  (1.6 10−19 ) J or

h 6.6 10−34
= =
2mE 2  9.110−31 100 1.6 10−19
= 1.2 10−10 m = 1.2 A .
70. (a)
71. (a) : The kinetic energy of an electron
1
 mv 2 = eV
2
2eV
or final velocity of electron (v) =
m
hc hc
72. (c): Energy of the photon E = or  = , where  is the wavelength.
 E
73. 73. (* ) : The velocity of a photon in vacuum is a constant. c =  . But c = constant
and one cannot say that it is proportional to  or  but only c = 
.In media, for a particular medium, u remain the same, velocity changes. Therefore
 changes. The question is wrong.
74. (d) : Momentum of electrons,

( pe ) = 2meV and
 momentum for proton (p )=
p 2MeV

 p h / p p pe 2meV m m

Therefore, = = = =   Therefore,  p =   
e h / pe p p 2MeV M  M 

h h
75. (a): Wavelength ( ) = = .
mv p
Therefore for same wavelength of electrons and photons, the momentum should be
same.
hc 1
76. (b): W0 = or W0 
0 0
W1 2 600
 = = =2
W2 1 300
77. (a): Photoelectric current is directly proportional to the intensity of incident light.
h
78. (a) : Momentum of the photon =
c
79. (a): The work function has no effect on photoelectric current so long as h  W0 . The
photoelectric current is proportional to the intensity of incident light. Since there is no
change in the intensity of light, hence I1 = I 2 .
1 hc 1
80. (d): h = W + mv 2 or = W + mv 2 Here  = 3000 A = 3000 10−10 m
2  2
and W = 1eV = 1.6 10−19 joule

( 6.6 10 )( 3 10 )

−34 8

3000 10−10

( 1
) (
= 1.6 10−19 +  9.1 10−31 v 2
2
)
Solving we get v  106 m / s
hc
81. (b) : Here, = 103 eV and h = 106 eV

103  3 108
103 c
Hence, = = = 2.4 1020 Hz
 1.24 10 −9

m0 m0 5m
82. (c): m = = = 0
v 2
c − (0.8c)
2 2 3
1− 2
c c2
83. (a) : No. of photons emitted per sec,
Power
n=
Energy of photon
 P 10000
= = = 1.72  1031
hv 6.6 10−34  880 103
h
84. (a) : Momentum of the photon =
c
c h
 = =
 p
ccp 3.3 10−29
= =
= 3 108 X = 1.5 1013 Hz
 h 6.6 10 −34

where,  = frequency of radiation

85. (b) : Kinetic energy of fastest electron
= E − W0 = 6.2 − 4.2 = 2.0eV
= 2  1.6  10−19 = 3.2  10−19 J
h h
86. (a) : de Broglie wavelength,  = =
p m
hc
87. (b) : Energy of a photon E = h =

88. (b): When a metal is heated, electrons are ejected out of it, which are called thermions.
hc
89. (a): W0 =
0
6.63  10−34  3  108
= −10
= 4  10−19 J
5000  10